Removal of foreign body on cheek using endoscope and C-arm fluoroscopy

Traditional surgery to remove foreign bodies in the face carries a risk of postoperative morbidity with an injury to various anatomical structures, particularly the facial nerve and parotid duct and gland. Endoscopy can be a great aid in the removal of foreign bodies in the maxillofacial region. Surgical intervention using endoscope and/,or intraoperative images can be minimized, allowing the safe and precise removal of foreign bodies, and saving operating time. We report a case of the use of an endoscope and C-arm fluoroscopy guidance system to remove a very small foreign body.

Influence of application methods of one-step self-etching adhesives on microtensile bond strength / 대한치과보존학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of various application methods of one-step self-etch adhesives to microtensile resin-dentin bond strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six extracted human molars were used. The teeth were assigned randomly to twelve groups (n = 15), according to the three different adhesive systems (Clearfil Tri-S Bond, Adper Prompt L-Pop, G-Bond) and application methods. The adhesive systems were applied on the dentin as follows: 1) The single coating, 2) The double coating, 3) Manual agitation, 4) Ultrasonic agitation. Following the adhesive application, light-cure composite resin was constructed. The restored teeth were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 hours, and prepared 15 specimens per groups. Then microtensile bond strength was measured and the failure mode was examined. RESULTS: Manual agitation and ultrasonic agitation of adhesive significantly increased the microtensile bond strength than single coating and double coating did. Double coating of adhesive significantly increased the microtensile bond strength than single coating did and there was no significant difference between the manual agitation and ultrasonic agitation group. There was significant difference in microtensile bonding strength among all adhesives and Clearfil Tri-S Bond showed the highest bond strength. CONCLUSIONS: In one-step self-etching adhesives, there was significant difference according to application methods and type of adhesives. No matter of the material, the manual or ultrasonic agitation of the adhesive showed significantly higher microtensile bond strength.

The effect of various bonding systems on the microtensile bond strength of immediate and delayed dentin sealing / 대한치과보존학회지

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of various dentin bonding systems on microtensile bond strength of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) and delayed dentin sealing (DDS). Eighteen extracted permanent molars were used in this study. The teeth for DDS group were restored with a provisional restorations, and immersed in saline solution for 1 week, and divided into 3 subgroups according to various dentin bonding adhesives; SB subgroup (3 step total-etch adhesive), SE subgroup (2 step self-etch adhesive), XE subgroup (1 step self-etch adhesive). In IDS group, the teeth were divided into 3 subgroups, and applied with bonding adhesives as in DDS group. The teeth were restored with provisional restorations, and immersed in saline solution for 1 week. Indirect composite disc was cemented with resin cement, and all specimens were subjected to microtensile bond strength. The data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Student t-test. The results were as follows: 1. The IDS group showed significantly higher microTBS than DDS group in 3 step total-etch and 2 step self-etch adhesive (p < 0.05). 2. In IDS and DDS group, 3 step total-etch adhesive showed the highest microTBS value, followed by 2 step self-etch, and 1 step self-etch adhesive. In IDS group, the microTBS value for 1 step self-etch adhesive was significantly different from those of the other subgroups (p < 0.05), and in DDS group, there were statistical differences in all subgroup (p < 0.05). 3. Failure modes of tested dentin bonding adhesives were mostly mixed failure and only 1 step self-etch adhesive showed adhesive failure.

Effects of cyclic nucleotides and glipizide on the cardiovascular response of baclofen in the rats

The purpose of present study is to investigate the influence of a spinal gamma-aminobutyric acid B(GABA|B) receptor on a central regulation of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), and to define its mechanism in the spinal cord. In urethane-anesthetized, d-tubocurarine-paralyzed and artificially ventilated male Sprague-Dawley rats, intrathecal administration of drugs were carried out using injection cannula (33-gauge stainless steel) through the guide cannula (PE 10) which was inserted intrathecally at lower thoracic level through the puncture of a atlantooccipital membrane. Intrathecal injection of an GABA|B receptor agonist, baclofen (30, 60, 100 nmol) decreased both BP and HR dose-dependently. Pretreatment with 8-bromo-cAMP (50 nmol), a cAMP analog, or glipizide (50 nmol), a ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker, attenuated the depressor and bradycardic effects of baclofen (100 nmol), but not with 8-bromo-cGMP (50 nmol), a cGMP analog. These results suggest that the GABA|B receptor in the spinal cord plays an inhibitory role in central cardiovascular regulation and that this depressor and bradycardic actions are mediated by the decrease of cAMP via the inhibition of adenylate cyclase and the opening of K+ channel.