The hypoglycemic effect of eugenol on type 2 diabetic mice and regulation of signaling transduction pathway of glucose and lipid metabolism in liver / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effects of eugenol on hypoglycemic effect and hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice, and to explore the possible mechanism. Methods The model of type 2 diabetes induced by long term high-fat diet was divided into four groups. The blood glucose and body weight of each group were measured once a week. After six weeks, the liver tissues of mice in each group were dissected and the liver mass and body mass of mice were weighed. Liver index, lipid metabolism and liver function were measured. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed. The levels of blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, resistin, leptin, auxin, glucagon and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in serum were measured. He staining was used to observe the pathological changes of liver tissues. The expressions of SHP, pfoxo1, pCREB, PEPCK and G6Pase proteins in liver were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with HFD group, E40 group had lower body weight, smaller liver volume and healthy dark red. Compared with HFD group, E40 group decreased liver index, lipid metabolism and liver function. OGTT test showed that glucose tolerance was enhanced and the area under the curve was decreased in E40 group compared with HFD group. The levels of blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride, resistin, leptin, glucagon and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in E40 group were lower than those in HFD group. He staining showed that hepatocytes in HFD group were larger and accompanied with bullous steatosis than those in RD group. Hepatocyte steatosis and liver pathological state were significantly improved in E40 group. The results of Western blot showed that compared with HFD group, the expression of SHP, pfoxo1 and pCREB protein in E40 group was up-regulated, and the expression of PEPCK and G6Pase protein was down-regulated. Conclusions Eugenol can regulate the SHP/pFOXO1/PCREB/PEPCK/G6Pase signaling pathway, regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, inhibit insulin resistance, improve blood glucose level and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Comparison of measurement methods of lower limb length in hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the accuracy of three methods for measuring the length of both lower limbs in hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture in the elderly, and to introduce a "shoulder to shoulder" anatomical location marking method for femur.@*METHODS@#From January 2017 to January 2019, 90 elderly patients with femoral neck fracture were treated with hip replacement, including 39 males and 51 females, aged 65 to 96(78.0±7.4) years, 56 cases of total hip and 34 cases of hemi hip. According to garden classification, there were 7 cases of typeⅡ, 63 cases of type Ⅲ and 20 cases of type Ⅳ. The patients were divided into three groups according to different measurement methods:contralateral contrast method (group A) of 19 cases, shuck test method (group B) of 28 cases, and "shoulder to shoulder" anatomical marker localization method (Group C) of 43 cases. The accuracy of the three methods was compared by measuring the length difference of lower limbs in vitro and imaging.@*RESULTS@#All patients completed the operation successfully. After total hip arthroplasty, the length of lower limbs in group A was(12.9±8.6) mm, and that in group B was(10.3±4.4) mm. After hemiarthroplasty, the length of lower limbs in group A was (13.2±7.2) mm, group B was (8.7±3.5) mm, and group C was (6.3±2.8) mm; the measurement results of unequal length of lower limbs after total hip arthroplasty were(12.9±8.1) mm in group A, (9.6±4.0) mm in group B and (6.6±2.6) mm in group C. The results of factorial analysis of variance showed that the differences among the three groups were statistically significant (@*CONCLUSION@#The "shoulder to shoulder" anatomic localization marking method can reduce the length of lower limbs simply, effectively and accurately in the elderly patients with femoral neck fracture hip replacement.

Predictive Value of Molecular Subtyping for Locoregional Recurrence in Early-Stage Breast Cancer with N1 without Postmastectomy Radiotherapy / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the relationship between molecular subtype and locoregional recurrence (LRR) in patients with early-stage breast cancer with 1-3 positive axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) and improve the individualized indications for postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT). METHODS: The records of 701 patients with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer who did not undergo PMRT were retrospectively analyzed. Tumors were subclassified as follows: luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched, and basal-like subtypes. Multivariate Cox analysis was used to determine the risk of LRR associated with the different subtypes and to adjust for clinicopathologic factors. RESULTS: Luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and basal-like subtypes accounted for 51.2%, 28.0%, 8.1%, and 12.7% of cases, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 67 months (range, 9-156 months). Univariate analysis revealed that, compared with the luminal A subtype, the HER2-enriched and basal-like subtypes were associated with significantly higher 5-year LRR rates (5.6% vs. 21.6% and vs.15.7% respectively; p=0.002 each), lower 5-year LRR-free survival (LRFS) rates (90.6% vs. 73.8% and 78.5%, respectively; p=0.001 each), and poorer 5-year breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) rates (93.7% vs. 82.2% [p=0.002] and 84.9% [p=0.001], respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that the HER2-enriched and basal-like subtypes, age ≤35 years, a medial tumor, and pT2 stage were poor prognostic factors for LRR and LRFS; furthermore, 2 to 3 positive ALNs represented an independent prognostic factor affecting LRR. The 10-year LRR rates of patients with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 risk factors were 1.0%, 6.9%, 14.3%, 30.4%, and 54.3%, respectively (p<0.001); the 10-year BCSS rates were 86.6%, 88.5%, 84.4%, 79.7%, and 38.8%, respectively (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Molecular subtyping allows for individualized evaluation of LRR risk in patients with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer. PMRT should be recommended for patients with ≥3 LRR risk factors.

Feasibility of whole body diffusion weighted imaging in detecting bone metastasis on 3.0T MR scanner / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the feasibility of whole body diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in bone metastasis detection using bone scintigraphy as comparison.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five patients with malignancy history were enrolled in our study. All the patients received the whole body DWI and bone scintigraphy scan within 1 week. The magnetic resonance (MR) examination was performed on 3.0T MR scanner using embedded body coil. The images were reviewed separately by two radiologists and two nuclear medicine physicians, who were blinded to the results of the other imaging modality. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the two techniques for detecting bone metastasis were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 181 metastatic lesions in 77 regions of 34 patients were detected by whole body DWI, and 167 metastatic lesions in 76 regions of 31 patients were identified by bone scintigraphy. The patient-based sensitivity and PPV of whole body DWI and bone scintigraphy were similar (89.5% vs. 81.6%, 97.1% vs. 91.2%), whereas, the patient-based specificity and NPV of whole body DWI were obviously higher than those of bone scintigraphy (85.7% vs. 57.1%, 60.0% vs. 36.4%). Ten regions negative in scintigraphy but positive in whole body DWI, mainly located in spine, pelvis, and femur; nine regions only detected by scintigraphy, mainly located in skull, sternum, clavicle, and scapula. The region-based sensitivity and specificity of whole body DWI were slightly higher than those of bone scintigraphy (89.5% vs. 88.4%, 95.6% vs. 87.6%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Whole body DWI reveals excellent concordance with bone scintigraphy regarding detection of bone metastasis, and the two techniques are complementary for each other.</p>

An fMRI study on brain activation patterns of males and females during video sexual stimulation / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the difference in the brain activation patterns of males and females during video sexual stimulation by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The participants were 20 adult males and 20 adult females, all healthy, right-handed, and with no history of sexual function disorder and physical, psychiatric or neurological diseases. Blood-oxygen-level-dependent fMRI was performed using a 1.5 T MR scanner. Three-dimensional anatomical image of the entire brain were obtained by using a T1-weighted three-dimensional anatomical image spoiled gradient echo pulse sequence. Each person was shown neutral and erotic video sequences for 60 s each in a block-study fashion, i.e. neutral scenes--erotic scenes--neutral scenes, and so on. The total scanning time was approximately 7 minutes, with a 12 s interval between two subsequent video sequences in order to avoid any overlapping between erotic and neutral information.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The video sexual stimulation produced different results in the men and women. The females showed activation both in the left and the right amygdala, greater in the former than in the latter ([220.52 +/- 17.09] mm3 vs. [155.45 +/- 18.34] mm3, P < 0.05), but in the males only the left amygdala was activated. The males showed greater brain activation than the females in the left anterior cingulate gyrus ([420.75 +/- 19.37] mm3 vs. [310.67 +/- 10.53] mm3, P < 0.05), but less than the females in the splenium of the corpus callosum ([363.32 +/- 13.30] mm3 vs. [473.45 +/- 14.92] mm3, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Brain activation patterns of males and females during video sexual stimulation are different, underlying which is presumably the difference in both the structure and function of the brain between men and women.</p>

Transfection of Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene with Adenovirus Can Inhibit the Intimal Hyperplasia of Venous Autografts / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) genetic transfection on the intimal hyperplasia of venous autografts. MethodsThe external jugular veins were autografted into abdominal aorta arteries in 20 Wistar rats, which were divided evenly into experimental or control groups. The transplanted veins of experimental group were immersed in the adenovirus-mediated eNOS gene solution for 15 minutes just before anastomosis. The transplanted vascular samples were taken out 2 weeks after operation. The intimal thickness(IH), degree of restenosis(DR), expression of PCNA and NOS mRNA were determined with histology and transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). ResultsThe IH, DR and PCNA decreased, while the expression of eNOS mRNA increased comparing with control group(P<0.01). ConclusionTransfection of NOS gene can inhibit the intimal hyperplasia of venous autografts.

Stage-specific localization of transforming growth factor beta1 and beta3 and their receptors during spermatogenesis in men / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the stage-specific localization of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1 and beta3 during spermatogenesis in adult human testis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The localization of TGFbeta1 and beta3 was investigated by immunohistochemical staining method employing specific polyclonal antibodies.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both TGFbeta1 and beta3 and their receptors were preponderant in the Leydig cells. TGFbeta1 could not be detected in the seminiferous tubules. TGFbeta3 and TGFbeta-Receptor (R) I were mainly seen in the elongated spermatids, while TGFbeta-RII in the pachytene spermatocytes and weak in the spermatogonia, spermatids and Sertoli cells. Only TGFbeta-RII was detected in the Sertoli cells. TGFbeta3, TGFbeta-RI and TGFbeta-RII showed a staining pattern dependent upon the stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TGFbeta isoforms and their receptors are present in the somatic and germ cells of the adult human testis, suggesting their involvement in the regulation of spermatogenesis.</p>