ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the regional anatomy of the inguinal region and abdominal ring and provide accurate anatomic basis for the clinical application of total peritoneum intraperitoneal onlay mesh (TPIPOM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The structures of the inguinal region and those surrounding the abdominal ring of 18 cadavers (11 males and 7 females, 36 sides) were dissected to measure the lengths from the nerves and vessels to the corresponding anatomical landmarks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average distances from the point where the iliohypogastric nerve (IHN) ran through the obliquus internus abdominis to anterosuperior iliac spine and from the point where the IHN ran through the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle of the abdomen to the superior margin of the symphysis pubica were 4.10±0.89 cm and 5.02±1.46 cm, respectively. The average distances from the point where the ilioinguinal nerve (IGN) ran through the obliquus internus abdominis to the anterosuperior iliac spine and from the point where IGN ran through the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle of the abdomen to the superior surface of the tuberculum pubicum were 3.09±0.81 cm and 3.84±0.89 cm, respectively. We established the regional anatomy model of the structures surrounding the abdominal ring.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The quantitative measurement of important structures of the inguinal region and establishment of the regional anatomy model of the surrounding structures of the abdominal ring can provide a valuable reference to reduce intraoperative and postoperative complications of TPIPOM.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Groin , Hernia, Inguinal , General Surgery , Herniorrhaphy , Methods , LaparoscopyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of iodine-125 implantation on immune cell subsets and cytokine production in patients undergoing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-eight patients with resectable HCC were randomly divided into intrahepatic iodine-125 embedding group and control group. The percentages of T lymphocyte phenotypes (CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+)), NK cells, and the plasma concentrations of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-gamma of the patients were determined with flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the control group, the postoperative CD3(+) and CD4(+) immunocytes were (39.38-/+6.98)% and (24.34-/+3.18)%, significantly lower than the preoperative levels [(62.58-/+8.67)% and (30.63-/+4.19)%, respectively, P<0.05)]. The postoperative concentrations of IL-4 and IL-10 were (29.83-/+7.99) and (87.54-/+2.89) ng/L, significantly higher than the preoperative levels (10.35-/+8.76 and 64.25-/+2.54 ng/L, respectively, P<0.05). In the treatment group, the percentages of the immunocytes and cytokine concentrations underwent no significant changes after the operation, but postoperative IL-12 (89.46-/+11.43 ng/L) and IFN-gamma (47.78-/+5.45 ng/L) levels were significantly higher than the preoperative levels (36.13-/+9.16 and 7.14-/+2.17 ng/L, respectively, P<0.05). Significant differences were found between the two groups in the postoperative CD3(+) and CD4(+) immunocytes and IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-gamma levels.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Iodine-125 implantation can strongly stimulates the anti-tumor immune response in HCC patients by increasing CD3(+) and CD4(+) immunocytes and promoting Th2/Th1 deviation.</p>