Management of lung diseases under ultrasound monitoring: potential to make bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants as an avoidable disease / 中国当代儿科杂志

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease in preterm infants. Despite significant progress in the understanding of its etiology, mechanisms, prevention, and treatment, the prognosis remains poor. BPD not only has a high mortality rate but also causes persistent respiratory, neurological, and cardiovascular impairments in survivors. The author's team has successfully prevented the occurrence of BPD by managing neonatal lung diseases under lung ultrasound monitoring for nearly 7 years, opening up a new approach in BPD prevention. This article provides a brief overview of the approach, aiming to facilitate further research and provide more scientifically sound management strategies to prevent or minimize the occurrence of BPD.

Mechanism of Fufang Congrong Yizhi Capsules in treatment of mild cognitive impairment based on network pharmacology / 中国药理学通报

Aim To predict the mechanism of Fufang Congrong Yizhi Capsules (FCYC) in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by network pharmacology method, and further validate it in combination with cellular experiments. Methods TCMSP, Gene-Cards, OMIM and TTD databases, Chinese Pharmacopoeia and related literature were used to screen the active ingredients of FCYC and the targets of MCI treatment. The TCM-compound-target-disease network and PPI of intersection targets were constructed, and the GO and KEGG analysis were performed by the Ehamb bioinformation platform. GO and KEGG analysis were performed through Yihanbo biological information platform. Cell model of MCI was established by PC-12 injury induced by Aβ

Mediating role of mental fatigue between nature exposure and mental health of prison police / 环境与职业医学

Background The mental health status of prison officers is crucial to the efficiency, security, and stability of a prison, and it is essential to pay attention to the factors that influence their mental health. Objective To understand the mental health status of prison officers, and analyze how nature exposure affects their mental health problems and a potential mediating role of mental fatigue. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out from May to June 2022 among 1392 prison officers from eight prisons in a province, and a total of 1284 valid questionnaires were recovered. The Nature Exposure Scale, Mental Fatigue Scale, and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale were used to assess nature exposure, mental fatigue, and mental health indicators among prison officers, and to explore the effect of nature exposure on mental health problems and a potential mediating role of mental fatigue. Results The recruited prison officers showed high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 59.11% (759/1284), 60.67% (779/1284),and 43.93% (564/1284), respectively. The results of correlation analysis revealed that nature exposure was negatively related with mental fatigue and mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, and stress) (rs=−0.242, −0.308, −0.235, −0.254, P<0.01), while mental fatigue was positively correlated with mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, and stress) (rs=0.546, 0.533, 0.536, P<0.01). The PROCESS macro results showed that the level of nature exposure among prison officers negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress (β=−0.180, −0.104, −0.123), and mental fatigue played a mediating role, with indirect effects of −0.200, −0.192, and −0.199, respectively. Conclusion The levels of depression, anxiety, and stress of prison officers are higher than those of other occupations. Nature exposure negatively associates with depression, anxiety, and stress, that is, it may directly alleviate the mental health problems of prison officers; and it may also alleviate mental health problems by relieving mental fatigue.

A Novel Retrograde AAV Variant for Functional Manipulation of Cortical Projection Neurons in Mice and Monkeys / 神经科学通报·英文版

Retrograde adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are capable of infecting the axons of projection neurons and serve as a powerful tool for the anatomical and functional characterization of neural networks. However, few retrograde AAV capsids have been shown to offer access to cortical projection neurons across different species and enable the manipulation of neural function in non-human primates (NHPs). Here, we report the development of a novel retrograde AAV capsid, AAV-DJ8R, which efficiently labeled cortical projection neurons after local administration into the striatum of mice and macaques. In addition, intrastriatally injected AAV-DJ8R mediated opsin expression in the mouse motor cortex and induced robust behavioral alterations. Moreover, AAV-DJ8R markedly increased motor cortical neuron firing upon optogenetic light stimulation after viral delivery into the macaque putamen. These data demonstrate the usefulness of AAV-DJ8R as an efficient retrograde tracer for cortical projection neurons in rodents and NHPs and indicate its suitability for use in conducting functional interrogations.

Oral anti-coagulants use in Chinese hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Oral anti-coagulants (OAC) are the intervention for the prevention of stroke, which consistently improve clinical outcomes and survival among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The main purpose of this study is to identify problems in OAC utilization among hospitalized patients with AF in China.@*METHODS@#Using data from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Atrial Fibrillation (CCC-AF) registry, guideline-recommended OAC use in eligible patients was assessed.@*RESULTS@#A total of 52,530 patients with non-valvular AF were enrolled from February 2015 to December 2019, of whom 38,203 were at a high risk of stroke, 9717 were at a moderate risk, and 4610 were at a low risk. On admission, only 20.0% (6075/30,420) of patients with a diagnosed AF and a high risk of stroke were taking OAC. The use of pre-hospital OAC on admission was associated with a lower risk of new-onset ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack among the diagnosed AF population (adjusted odds ratio: 0.54, 95% confidence interval: 0.43-0.68; P  <0.001). At discharge, the prescription rate of OAC was 45.2% (16,757/37,087) in eligible patients with high stroke risk and 60.7% (2778/4578) in eligible patients with low stroke risk. OAC utilization in patients with high stroke risk on admission or at discharge both increased largely over time (all P  <0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that OAC utilization at discharge was positively associated with in-hospital rhythm control strategies, including catheter ablation (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 11.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 10.04-13.47; P <0.001), electronic cardioversion (adjusted OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.65-3.51; P <0.001), and anti-arrhythmic drug use (adjusted OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.38-1.53; P <0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In hospitals participated in the CCC-AF project, >70% of AF patients were at a high risk of stroke. Although poor performance on guideline-recommended OAC use was found in this study, over time the CCC-AF project has made progress in stroke prevention in the Chinese AF population.Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02309398.

Diagnostic value of nasal nitric oxide for children with primary ciliary dyskinesia / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the value of nasal nitric oxide (nNO) measurement as a diagnostic tool for Chinese patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Methods: This study is a retrospective study. The patients were recruited from those who were admitted to the respiratory Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University from March 2018 to September 2022. Children with PCD were included as the PCD group, and children with situs inversus or ambiguus, cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchiectasis, chronic suppurative lung disease and asthma were included as the PCD symptom-similar group. Children who visited the Department of Child health Care and urology in the same hospital from December 2022 to January 2023 were selected as nNO normal control group. nNO was measured during plateau exhalation against resistance in three groups. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the nNO data. The receiver operating characteristic of nNO value for the diagnosis of PCD was plotted and, the area under the curve and Youden index was calculated to find the best cut-off value. Results: nNO was measured in 40 patients with PCD group, 75 PCD symptom-similar group (including 23 cases of situs inversus or ambiguus, 8 cases of CF, 26 cases of bronchiectasis or chronic suppurative lung disease, 18 cases of asthma), and 55 nNO normal controls group. The age of the three groups was respectively 9.7 (6.7,13.4), 9.3 (7.0,13.0) and 9.9 (7.3,13.0) years old. nNO values were significantly lower in children with PCD than in PCD symptom-similar group and nNO normal controls (12 (9,19) vs. 182 (121,222), 209 (165,261) nl/min, U=143.00, 2.00, both P<0.001). In the PCD symptom-similar group, situs inversus or ambiguus, CF, bronchiectasis or chronic suppurative lung disease and asthma were significantly higher than children with PCD (185 (123,218), 97 (52, 132), 154 (31, 202), 266 (202,414) vs. 12 (9,19) nl/min,U=1.00, 9.00, 133.00, 0, all P<0.001). A cut-off value of 84 nl/min could provide the best sensitivity (0.98) and specificity (0.92) with an area under the curve of 0.97 (95%CI 0.95-1.00, P<0.001). Conclusions: nNO value can draw a distinction between patients with PCD and others. A cut-off value of 84 nl/min is recommended for children with PCD.

Construction of a prediction model for postoperative prognosis in patients with resectable cholangiocarcinoma based on SIRT2 expression / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVES@#To develop a prediction model for postoperative prognosis in patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) based on the expression of silence information regulator 2 (SIRT2).@*METHODS@#The differential expression of SIRT2 between CCA and normal tissues was analyzed using TCGA and GEO databases. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore potential mechanisms of SIRT2 in CCA. The expression of SIRT2 protein in CCA tissues and normal tissues (including 44 pairs of specimens) was also detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in 89 resectable CCA patients who underwent surgical treatment in The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College between January 2016 and December 2021. The relationship between SIRT2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of CCA patients was analyzed. A survival prediction model for patients with resectable CCA was constructed with COX regression results, the calibration curve and the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used to evaluate the performance of the constructed model, and the predictive power between this model and the AJCC/TNM staging system (8th Edition) was compared.@*RESULTS@#SIRT2 mRNA was overexpressed in CCA tissues as shown in TCGA and GEO databases. IHC staining showed that SIRT2 protein expression in CCA tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent non-tumor tissues. GSEA results showed that elevated SIRT2 expression may be involved in multiple metabolism-related signaling pathway, such as fatty acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, etc. SIRT2 expression level was related to serum triglycerides level, tumor size and lymph node metastasis (all P<0.05). The survival analysis results showed that the patients with higher SIRT2 expression had a significant lower overall survival (OS) than patients with lower SIRT2 expression (P<0.05). Univariate COX regression analysis suggested that pathological differentiation, clinical stage, postoperative treatment and SIRT2 expression level were associated with the prognosis of CCA patients (all P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis confirmed that clinical stage and SIRT2 expression level were independent predictors of OS in postoperative CCA patients (both P<0.05). A nomogram based on SIRT2 for prediction of survival in postoperative CCA patients was constructed. The C-index of the model was 0.675, and the area under the time-dependent ROC curve (AUC) for predicting survival in the first, second, and third years was 0.879, 0.778, and 0.953, respectively, which were superior to those of AJCC/TNM staging system (8th Edition).@*CONCLUSIONS@#SIRT2 is highly expressed in CCA tissues, which is associated with poor prognosis in patients with resectable CCA. The nomogram developed based on SIRT2 may have better predictive power than the AJCC/TNM staging system (8th Edition) in prediction of survival of postoperative CCA patients.

Association between perfluorinated alkyl substances and depression / 环境与职业医学

Background Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of synthetic organic fluorides, which have adverse health effects on brain function, and limited research has been conducted on their effects on depression. Objective To assess potential correlation between serum PFAS and depression. Methods Using the 2015—2016 and 2017—2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets, 2626 subjects with complete relevant information in people ≥20 years old were selected. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the association and dose-response relationship between serum PFAS concentration and depression. Subgroup analysis was performed on sex, age, race, education level, marital status, family income to poverty ratio, moderate exercise, body mass index, and drinking status. Results Among the 2626 subjects, there were 666 patients (25.4%) with mild or above depression. After adjusting for race, education level, marital status, body mass index, moderate exercise, drinking history, cotinine, and other types of PFAS, serum perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was positively associated with the risk of depression (OR=1.85, 95%CI: 1.14, 3.02), and showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship (χ2=6.37, Pnonlinear=0.012). Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) was inversely associated with the risk of depression (OR=0.23, 95%CI: 0.14, 0.39), and showed a linear dose-response relationship (Ptrend<0.001, χ2=35.13, Poverall<0.001). After subgroup analysis, it was found that males, 20-39 year-olds and 40-64 year-olds were more sensitive to PFNA exposure (OR=0.15, 95%CI: 0.06, 0.37; OR=0.16, 95%CI: 0.06, 0.40; OR=0.18, 95%CI: 0.08, 0.39). PFOS only showed a statistically significant health effect in people aged 20-39 years (OR=3.00, 95%CI: 1.14, 7.94). In addition, among subgroups of non-Hispanic blacks, cohabitants, current drinkers, high school graduates, and obese patients, exposure to PFAS was significantly associated with the risk of depression. Conclusion PFOS exposure may be associated with increased levels of depression, whereas PFNA exposure may be protective.

Considerations on investigation on quality standard of Chinese patent medicine / 药学学报

Chinese patent medicine (CPM) is an important part of traditional and Chinese medicine (TCM). Its quality has direct impact on the safety and effectiveness of clinical use. The quality standard is the pivotal approach to guarantee the quality of CPM. Due to the complex material basis, multitudinous quality influencing factors and unveiled active ingredients, dose-effect relationship and action mechanism, the investigation on quality standard faces many difficulties. This paper surveys the current quality status of CPM and the general situation of CPM standards. At present, the dosing problem has the crucial impact on the quality of CPM. The current quality standard system of CPM is confirmed and the limitations are indicated. Based on the above analysis, the principles and considerations on investigation of quality standard are proposed as follows: ① Adhere to safety as the bottom line, strengthen the risk-control ability of the standard of CPM; ② Adhere to theory of TCM and comprehensive quality, improve the integrative control level of the CPM standard; ③ Emphasize technological development and innovation, promote the quality control competence of CPM standard; ④ Facilitate planning and coordination, optimize the management of the CPM standard system; ⑤ Reinforce investigation on evaluation method, develop grade evaluation standard, accelerate high-quality development of CPM. Finally, the future perspective on investigation of CPM quality standard is prospected.

Astragalin Inhibits Apoptosis of Cerebral Cortex Neurons in APP/PS1 Mice / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Astragalin （AST） on apoptosis of cerebral cortex neurons in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. MethodsEighteen six-month-old male APP/PS1 transgenic mice were randomly divided into APP/PS1 group， APP/PS1+ 40 mg/kg AST group and APP/PS1+ 20 mg/kg Donepezil （DNP） group， with six mice in each group. At the same time， six male C57BL/6 mice were selected as the normal control group. After intraperitoneal injection of AST once a day and continuous administration for one month， we used Tunel staining to detect the apoptosis of neurons in the cerebral cortex of APP/PS1 mice； immunofluorescent staining to examine the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax， Bcl-2， Caspase9 and Cleaved-Caspase3 in the cerebral cortex neurons of APP/PS1 mice； Western blot method to evaluate the changes of the expression of Bax， Bcl-2， Caspase9 and Caspase3. ResultsTunel staining showed that 40 mg/kg AST and 20 mg/kg DNP both reduced the apoptosis of neurons in the cerebral cortex of APP/PS1 mice， AST with more significant inhibition effect. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that 40 mg/kg AST and 20 mg/kg DNP both inhibited the expression of Bax， Caspase9， and Cleaved-Caspase3， and icreased the expression of Bcl-2 in the cerebral cortex neurons of APP/PS1 mice. Western blot results further confirmed that 40 mg/kg AST and 20 mg/kg DNP both down-regulated the expression of Bax （P < 0.05， P < 0.05）， Caspase9 （P < 0.005， P < 0.05） and Caspase3 （P < 0.0001， P < 0.0001） ， and up-regulated the expresstion of Bcl-2 （P < 0.05， P < 0.05） in the cerebral cortex neurons of APP/PS1 mice. ConclusionsAST can inhibit the apoptosis of cerebral cortex neurons in APP/PS1 mice.

Review of clinical use of Dingqing Tablets in a Tertiary A Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine / 药学实践杂志

Objective To improve the quality of prescriptions and promote the rational drug application of Dingqing Tablets by investigating the outpatient prescriptions in a tertiary A hospital. Methods A total of 4 796 prescriptions of outpatient pharmacy patients from August 1, 2020 to August 1, 2021 were extracted from the hospital information system by the hospital information software, focusing on the analysis of indications, usage and dosage, drug interaction, etc. Results 10 departments including hematology department and geriatrics department were used Dingqing Tablets, and the irrationality was mainly manifested in the superposition of drug flavors and drug interactions. Conclusion Dingqing tablets were widely used in clinic and had remarkable curative effect. However, there are certain risks in the use of Dingqing tablets. It is necessary to add medication education and supervision to promote the safe and rational use of drugs in clinic.

Application of two phacoemulsification modes in cataract surgery with different hard nuclear / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the clinical efficacy of the Balanced energy system versus the conventional torsional ultrasound system in phacoemulsification surgeries for cataracts with varying nuclear hardness.METHODS: In this study, 120 patients(122 eyes)with age-related cataracts scheduled for surgery between November 2021 and November 2022 at our hospital were randomly divided into two groups: 58 patients(59 eyes)in the experimental group underwent surgery using the Balanced energy system, while 62 patients(63 eyes)in the control group were treated with the conventional torsional ultrasound system. Intraoperative cumulative dissipated energy(CDE), case time(CT), aspiration time(AST), and estimated fluid used(EFU)were recorded. Patients were followed-up for 3mo to examine and record the best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and corneal endothelial cell density(ECD), and to calculate the rate of endothelial cell loss.RESULTS: Comparing the intraoperative parameters between the two groups, there was no significant difference in CT(P&#x003E;0.05), but the CDE, AST and EFU of the patients in the experimental group were lower than those of the control group(P&#x003C;0.05), and the CDE of patients with grade III nuclear hardness in the experimental group was lower than the control group(P&#x003C;0.05), CDE, AST and EFU in patients with grade IV nuclear hardness were lower than those in the control group(P&#x003C;0.05). After 3mo of follow-up, BCVA in both groups improved significantly, and the experimental group recovered faster than the control group. At 3mo after surgery, the ECD of the two groups of patients was reduced compared with that before surgery(P&#x003C;0.01), but there were no significant differences in ECD and endothelial cell loss rates between the experimental and control groups before and at 3mo after surgery(P&#x003E;0.05). In grade IV nuclear hardness cataracts, the rate of endothelial cell loss in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(4.63%±4.10% vs. 6.63%±4.49%, P&#x003C;0.01).CONCLUSION: The Balanced energy system and the conventional torsional ultrasound system both show high safety and efficiency in phacoemulsification of cataracts with different nuclear hardness. However, the former demonstrates substantial advantages in cases with dense nuclei, offering lower ultrasound energy, shorter aspiration and infusion times, and reduced volume of infusion fluid.

2023 China Guidelines for Lipid Management / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death among urban and rural residents in China, and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a risk factor for ASCVD. Considering the increasing burden of ASCVD, lipid management is of the utmost importance. In recent years, research on blood lipids has made breakthroughs around the world, hence a revision of China guidelines for lipid management is imperative, especially since the target lipid levels in the general population vary in respect to the risk of ASCVD. The level of LDL-C, which can be regarded as appropriate in a population without frisk factors, can be considered abnormal in people at high risk of developing ASCVD. As a result, the "Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia" were adapted into the "China Guidelines for Lipid Management" (henceforth referred to as the new guidelines) by an Experts' committee after careful deliberation. The new guidelines still recommend LDL-C as the primary target for lipid control, with CVD risk stratification to determine its target value. These guidelines recommend that moderate intensity statin therapy in adjunct with a heart-healthy lifestyle, be used as an initial line of treatment, followed by cholesterol absorption inhibitors or/and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, as necessary. The new guidelines provide guidance for lipid management across various age groups, from children to the elderly. The aim of these guidelines is to comprehensively improve the management of lipids and promote the prevention and treatment of ASCVD by guiding clinical practice.

Dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT) has long been recommended for Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) eradication in China. Meanwhile, in the latest national consensus in China, dual therapy (DT) comprising an acid suppressor and amoxicillin has also been recommended. In recent years, the eradication rate of H. pylori has reached >90% using DT, which has been used not only as a first-line treatment but also as a rescue treatment. Compared with BQT, DT has great potential for H. pylori eradication; however, it has some limitations. This review summarizes the development of DT and its application in H. pylori eradication. The H. pylori eradication rates of DT were comparable to or even higher than those of BQT or standard triple therapy, especially in the first-line treatment. The incidence of adverse events associated with DT was lower than that with other therapies. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the effects of dual and quadruple therapies on gastrointestinal microecology. In the short term, H. pylori eradication causes certain fluctuations in the gastrointestinal microbiota; however, in the long term, the gastrointestinal microbiota eventually returns to its normal state. In the penicillin-naïve population, patients receiving DT have a high eradiation rate, better compliance, lower incidence of adverse reactions, and lower primary and secondary resistance to amoxicillin. These findings suggest the safety, efficacy, and potential of DT for H. pylori eradication.

Expressions of eukaryotic initiation factor-4B and eukaryotic initiation factor-5A in papillary thyroid carcinoma and their effects on cell proliferation in vitro / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the expressions of eukaryotic initiation factor-4B (eIF4B) and eukaryotic initiation factor-5A (eIF5A) in papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues, and to analyze their regulatory effects on cell proliferation in vitro.Methods:The clinical data of 61 patients diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma who received surgical resection at Yuncheng Central Hospital from January 2020 to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The postoperative tumor tissues and paracancerous normal thyroid tissues (>1 cm from the margin of the mass) were retained. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of eIF4B, eIF5A and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in different tissues. The correlation of eIF4B, eIF5A expressions with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients, and the relationship between eIF4B, eIF5A and PCNA were analyzed. The thyroid cancer cell line SW1736 and normal thyroid cell line HT-ori3 were selected. The expressions of eIF4B mRNA and eIF5A mRNA were detected by using real-ime quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). After the small interfering RNA (siRNA) of siRNA-eIF4B and siRNA-eIF5A were synthesized, the interfering plasmids were constructed, and SW1736 cells were transfected, siRNA-eIF4B group and siRNA-eIF5A group were obtained; the empty plasmid transfection group and the blank control group without transfection intervention were established. The cell proliferation activity was detected by using CCK-8 assay, and the expression of PCNA mRNA was detected by using qRT-PCR.Results:The positive rates of eIF4B and eIF5A in papillary thyroid cancer tissues were higher than those in paracancerous normal thyroid tissues [65.57% (40/61) vs. 29.51% (18/61), 57.38% (35/61) vs. 9.84% (6/61), P < 0.001]. The positive rates of eIF4B and eIF5A were statistically different in patients with different tumor diameter [>3 cm vs. ≤3 cm: 88.89% (16/18) vs. 55.81% (24/43),77.78% (14/18) vs. 48.84% (21/43), all P < 0.05], lymph node metastasis [with vs. without: 85.00% (17/20) vs. 56.10% (23/41), 80.00% (16/20) vs. 46.34% (19/41), all P < 0.05] and the number of different nodes [multiple vs. single: 86.67% (13/15) vs. 58.70% (27/46), 86.67% (13/15) vs. 47.83% (22/46), all P < 0.05]; there were no statistically significant differences in the positive rates of eIF4B and eIF5A among patients with different age and gender (all P > 0.05). Positive correlation was found between eIF4B score and the positive cell proportion of PCNA ( r = 0.66, P = 0.0324), eIF5A score and the positive cell proportion of PCNA ( r = 0.62, P = 0.024), eIF4B score and eIF5A score ( r = 0.63, P = 0.021). The expression levels of eIF4B mRNA and eIF5A mRNA in thyroid cancer cell line SW1736 cell was higher than that of HT-ori3 cell in normal thyroid (all P < 0.05). The cell proliferation activity of SW1736 and PCNA mRNA expression level in siRNA-eIF4B group and siRNA-eIF5A group were lower than those in the empty vector transfected group and the blank control group (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:eIF4B and eIF5A are expressed elevated in papillary thyroid carcinoma, and both are involved in tumor development and progression. The role of eIF4B and eIF5A may be related to promoting the proliferation of tumor cells.

Expression of fibrinogen-like protein 1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its clinical significance / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the expression of fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics of patients with ccRCC.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 242 patients with ccRCC who were diagnosed and treated surgically from January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The cancerous tissues and paracancerous tissues (2 cm away from the edge of cancerous tissues) of patients were collected. The expression of FGL1 protein was detected by using immunohistochemistry, and the relative expression level of FGL1 mRNA was detected by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cox proportional risk model was used to make univariate and multivariate analysis of the influencing factors of progression-free survival (PFS).Results:The positive rate of FGL1 protein in ccRCC tissues was higher than that in paracancerous tissues [28.5% (69/242) vs. 2.1% (5/242)], and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 65.34, P < 0.001); the relative expression level of FGL1 mRNA in ccRCC tissues was higher than that in paracancerous tissues (1.67±0.12 vs. 0.60±0.15), and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 25.33, P < 0.001). The expression of FGL1 was positively correlated with pathological staging ( r = 0.164, P = 0.011), renal vascular tumor thrombus ( r = 0.130, P = 0.043), regional lymph node metastasis ( r = 0.153, P = 0.018), and distant metastasis ( r = 0.160, P = 0.012). Univariate analysis showed that the tumor diameter, regional lymph nodes metastasis, pathological staging, distant metastasis, and FGL1 expression were factors influencing the PFS of ccRCC patients (all P < 0.05). Multivariate regression results showed that high expression of FGL1 ( HR = 11.679, 95% CI 7.432-15.673, P = 0.015), pathological staging of Ⅲ-Ⅳ ( HR = 13.654, 95% CI 8.765-18.761, P = 0.013), and distant metastasis ( HR = 11.387, 95% CI 7.662-14.831, P = 0.038) were independent risk factors for PFS in patients. Conclusions:FGL1 is highly expressed in ccRCC, which is correlated with pathological staging, renal vascular tumor thrombus, regional lymph nodes metastasis, and distant metastasis. The high expression of FGL1 is a risk factor affecting the prognosis of patients with ccRCC.

Preparation and immunogenicity evaluation of recombinant influenza hemagglutinin trimer vaccine / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To prepare a recombinant hemagglutinin trimer (HA-Tri) vaccine against influenza viruses and to study its immunogenicity in a mouse model.Methods:A stable CHO cell line that could express HA-Tri was constructed. Western blot, single radial immunodiffusion, protein particle size detection and N-glycosylation site analysis were performed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the recombinant protein. According to the different treatment conditions such as dosage and adjuvant, BALB/c mice were divided into 11 groups and subjected to consistent immunization procedures. Serum neutralizing antibody titers were measured on 56 d after the first immunization to evaluate the immunogenicity of HA-Tri.Results:The constructed CHO cells could secret and express HA-Tri proteins. The HA-Tri proteins were biologically active and capable of forming precipitation rings in the single radial immunodiffusion. The particle size of HA-Tri was approximately 18.79 nm and 10 N-glycosylation sites were detected, including high mannose, complex glycoforms and heterozygous glycoforms. After prime-boost immunization, there was no statistically significant difference in the titers of neutralizing antibodies induced in mice by 3.75 μg of HA-Tri in combination with RFH01 adjuvant and 15 μg of monovalent vaccine stock solution ( P=0.431 2, U=36). Serum antibody titers in the HA-Tri+ RFH01 groups were higher than those in the corresponding HA-Tri groups without RFH01 adjuvant, and the highest titer was induced in the 15 μg HA-Tri+ RFH01 group, which was 1 280. Conclusions:The recombinant HA-Tri protein was successfully prepared. HA-Tri in combination with RFH01 adjuvant could induce humoral immune responses against influenza viruses in BALB/c mice, which would provide reference for the development of influenza virus recombinant subunit vaccines.

The effects of high-intensity interval training on the renin-angiotensin system in spontaneously hypertensive rats / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe any effect of high-intensity interval training on the blood pressure and renal function of Wistar-Kyoto rats modeling spontaneous hypertension (SHR) and to explore the mechanism of the renal renin-angiotensin system′s (RAS′s) role in this process.Methods:Twenty male SHR were randomly divided into a sedentary group and an exercise group, each of 10. Another 10 Wistar-Kyoto rats formed a normotensive control group. The rats in the normotensive and hypertensive sedentary groups were fed quietly in their cage, while the hypertensive exercise group performed high-intensity interval training for 8 weeks. After the last exercise, blood pressure, renal function, the kidney levels of nitric oxide and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the protein expressions of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), AT2R and Mas receptor (MasR) were measured.Results:Compared with the normotensive group, the hypertensive sedentary group showed a significant increase in average blood pressure, IL-6, ACE and AT1R protein and the ratio of AT1R to AT2R. There was a significant decrease in the renal function, the average NO level and the expression of ACE2, AT2R and MasR protein. That group also showed a significant decrease in blood pressure, IL-6, ACE and AT1R protein expression and the AT1R: AT2R ratio compared with the hypertensive sedentary group, but a significant increase in renal function, average NO content and the expression of ACE2, AT2R and MasR protein.Conclusion:Eight weeks of high-intensity interval training has a protective effect on the kidneys by regulating the renin-angiotensin system, at least in rats.

The effects of aerobic exercise on renal fibrosis and apoptosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore any effect of regular aerobic exercise on renal fibrosis and apoptosis in rats with spontaneous hypertension.Methods:Thirty 6-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into a sedentary group (group HS) and an exercise group (group HE). Ten age- and sex-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats formed a control group. The rats in group HE underwent 12 weeks of swimming exercise lasting 60 minutes, five times a week, while the other two groups were kept quiet in their cages. Before and after the training, the tail artery blood pressure of each rat was measured. Renal function was evaluated after the experiment by measuring 24h urine protein, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, while the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis was measured using Masson staining and the collagen volume fraction was calculated. The number of apoptotic cells in the renal tubular epithelial tissue was recorded by TUNEL staining and the apoptosis rate was calculated. The expression of renal transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), Smad2/3, Smad7, Bax and Bcl-2 protein were detected using western blotting.Results:After the intervention, the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure of group HS had increased significantly, while those of group HE had decreased significantly, with no significant changes in those measurements among the control group. Compared with the control group, after the intervention, the average blood pressure, 24h urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, as well as the cell apoptosis rate and expression of TGF-β1, Smad2/3 and Bax had increased significantly, and that of Smad7 and Bcl-2 had decreased significantly in group HS. And compared with group HS, in group HE the average blood pressure, 24h urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and the cell apoptosis rate had decreased significantly, together with the expression of TGF-β1, Smad2/3 and Bax, but the average expression of Smad7 and Bcl-2 had increased significantly.Conclusion:Regular aerobic exercise can relieve the renal dysfunction seen in spontaneous hypertension, at least in rats, by inhibiting renal fibrosis and apoptosis.

Effects of stem cells therapy combined with aerobic exercise on ventricular remodeling in rats with acute myocardial infarction / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of supplementing stem cell therapy with aerobic exercise in left ventricle remodeling after myocardial infarction.Methods:Sixty 6-week-old male Wistar rats had acute myocardial infarction induced by ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery. They were then randomly divided into a model group, a stem cell group, an exercise group and an observation group. Another ten healthy Wistar rats formed a sham operation group. The rats in the stem cell and observation groups were infused with a suspension of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through the tail vein. Beginning four weeks later, the exercise and observation groups underwent 60 minutes of aerobic treadmill exercise 5 days per week for 8 weeks. At the beginning and end of the eight weeks the rats′ exercise performance was evaluated using a graded treadmill exercise test. And after the last training session cardiac structure and function were detected using ultrasound imaging. Tissue was then collected from the left ventricles and the collagen volume fractions were calculated. The expression of myocardial brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), heavy chain β-myosin (β-MHC) and α-MHC mRNA was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCRs.Results:Compared with the sham operation group, the time and distance to exhaustion shortened significantly in the model group, with a significant decrease in the average maximum running speed, left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricle shortening fraction (LVFS), expression of α-MHC and the α-MHC/β-MHC ratio. There was a significant increase in the average resting heart rate, collagen volume fraction, expression of BNP and β-MHC in the model group. Compared with the model group, there was a significant increase in the average LVEF and LVFS of the stem cell group as well as in the time and distance to exhaustion, maximum running speed, expression of α-MHC and in the α-MHC/β-MHC ratio of the observation group, but a significant decrease in the average collagen volume fraction of the stem cell group compared with the observation group, together with the resting heart rate, collagen volume fraction, the expression of BNP and of β-MHC. Compared with the stem cell group, the observation group showed a significant increase in the average time and distance to exhaustion, maximum running speed, expression of α-MHC and the α-MHC/β-MHC ratio, with a significant decrease in the average resting heart rate, collagen volume fraction, expression of BNP and β-MHC.Conclusion:Aerobic exercise or stem cell therapy alone can inhibit left ventricular remodeling and improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction, at least in rats. The combination of the two treatments has a synergistic effect and can further enhance the effect of stem cell therapy.