ABSTRACT
Stroke has become the second leading cause of death in the world, and the most common type is the ischemic stroke. Due to its rapid onset and complex conditions, ischemic stroke is a major neurological disorder that causes disability. Ischemic stroke mainly results from atherosclerosis, and the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke mainly includes energy metabolism disorders in the brain, the toxicity of excitatory amino acids, oxidative/nitrification stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and autophagy. With the characteristics of multi-component and multi-target, traditional Chinese medicine could be used to treat ischemic stroke at different stages. This article summarized the latest research progress on the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of ischemic stroke in order to provide references for the further research and clinical treatment of ischemic stroke.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Ischemia , Therapeutics , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Research , Stroke , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
Objective To develop a systematic chromatography separation method for flavonoids from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (GU). Methods A new method for the separation of effective parts and monomers of flavonoids from GU by two-dimensional reversed-phase liquid chromatography was developed using the self-developed preparation chromatography plant system with independent intellectual property rights. Flavonoids compounds were enriched with specific adsorption materials. The separation conditions of the chromatography were optimized by the chromatographic separation expert system software, and the loading weight of samples and the enrichment times of a separation were investigated. Results The process of chromatography separation of flavonoids from GU had good precision and reproducibility with C18 as separation and enrichment solid phase and the methanol/water and acetonitrile/water as mobile phase of one-dimensional and two-dimensional chromatography system. The dilution solution which used for one-dimensional and two-dimensional enrichment chromatography was water. The flow rate of gradient elution and dilution enrichment solution was 21 mL/min. The sample loading amount of chromatography separation was 300 mg each time. A total of 16 flavonoids parts contained stable chemical composition were obtained by the repeatable separation method after three times of enrichment. Nine pure compounds were obtained and identified by NMR and MS, which were liquiritin, liquiritigenin, formononetin, echinatin, 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone, 4'-O-[β-D-apio-D-furanosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl] liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, glycyrol, and glycycoumarin. Conclusion The study can provide a certain reference value for the systematic separation and cognition for flavonoids from GU.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the adsorption of the macroporous resin for the five salvianolic acids (danshen su, rosmarinic acid, protocate chualdehyde, salvianolic acid B, salvianolic acid A, extracted from Salviae mitiorrhizae.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The five salvianolic acids were employed as an index, and the change of them in the static and dynamic absorbent was detected by HPLC, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>HP20 resin was a suitable marcoporous resin to purify salvianolic acids. The dynamic adsorption capacity of rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B and salvianolic acid A was 30.506 mg x g(-1) (dry resin), 36.996 mg x g(-1), (dry resin), 43.85 mg x g(-1) (dry resin) respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is not suitable that danshensu and protocate chualdehyde are the evaluation indexes for using 8 macroporous resins to purify salvianolic acids.</p>