ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the relationship between sleep and suicidal ideation of officers and soldiers in a marine corps. Methods: A total of 459 military personnels were investigated using a self-designed demographic questionnaire, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) scale, self-rating depression scale (SDS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating idea of suicide scale (SIOSS). Results: A total of 459 questionnaires were sent out and 434 effective questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 94.6%. The PSQI score of 434 military personnels was 5.85 ± 3.37, and the SIOSS score was 7.05 ± 3.98, the SDS score was 35.29 ± 9.52, and the SAS score was 31.80 ± 7.36. Suicidal ideation of the military personnels was positively correlated with sleep quality, difficulty in falling asleep, nocturnal wakefulness or early wakefulness and nightmare, while negatively correlated with sleep duration (all P < 0.01). After controlling for general demographic factors (gender, age and education level), substance use conditions (smoking, drinking alcohol, drinking tea and drinking coffee), anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms, the military personnels with poor sleep quality (β 0.289, P < 0.01), difficulty in falling asleep (β 0.110, P = 0.019) and higher education level (β 0.080, P = 0.013) had stronger suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Sleep quality and symptoms of difficulty in falling asleep are independent predictors of suicidal ideation in military personnels.
ABSTRACT
Insomnia is one of the common sleep disorders. Despite of wide recognition that patients with insomnia subjectively experience impaired daytime functioning, there is little consistent objective evidence of neurobehavioural performance deficits. However, evidences of potential cognitive impairment in insomnia patients have been found in neuroimaging, neurobiochemistry and neuroelectrophysiology. This paper describes the characteristics of cognitive impairment in insomnia patients, then introduces the evidence of potential cognitive impairment found in neuroimaging, neurobiochemistry and neuroelectrophysiology, and finally analyzes the possible causes of this phenomenon.
ABSTRACT
Primary insomnia (PI), a prevalent sleep disorder, has been associated with cognitive deficits and emotional disorders. Several studies have shown that PI involves a wide range of brain abnormalities. In recent years, functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques combined with different analysis methods are widely applied in the study of PI. It can objectively and indirectly analyze the changes in brain functional activities, help to elucidate the neuropathological mechanisms of PI, and provide reliable objective basis for the early diagnosis of disease. In this paper, we reviewed the application of task state functional magnetic resonance imaging, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and function connectivity in patients with PI.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cells are the basic units of all life activities. In order to grasp the law of life process, it is essential to explore intercellular interactions and cell behaviors. Most current biological assays in large cell populations ignore the effects of cell heterogeneity and lose important temporal data in the process of averaging cellular responses. High-throughput single-cell capture and arrangement are of great significance to the research on cell biology. However, to date, there has no systematic study and description of the methods for cell capturing and alignment in vitro . OBJECTIVE: To summarize the methods of microfluidics technology, surface topographical technology and various traps based on mechanics, magnetics, and electrophoretic sorting to spatially collect single cells so as to discuss the feasibility and the latest progress of cell shape control and cell alignment. METHODS: The authors performed a data retrieval of PubMed and Bailianyun databases to search the articles (1995-2017) addressing the single cell capture and alignment in vitro and reviewed the literatures systematically. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total 241 articles were retrieved, and 35 articles were finally involved in the analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After summarizing and analyzing, the results indicated that microfluidics, micro-contact printing, micro-well arrays, micro-pore membrane, electrical stimulation and magnetic deflection are commonly used in cell capture and functional assay. With the development of micro-scale technologies and in-depth research of cell behavior, microfluidic technology and micro-contact printing technology have become a hot topic of research with certain improvement in the capture efficiency. In addition, some new materials are gradually developed and applied. Microfluidic technology has a leading advantage in cell capture rate, while the improved micro-contact printing technology mostly concerns subsequent cell spreading and alignment. Under the proper culture environment, precise cell capture and alignment are essential to guide cell spreading, fusion, and differentiation.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The mechanical properties of extracellular matrix can affect cell spreading, proliferation and differentiation. It is of extremely vital significance for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the progress of matrix mechanical properties influences on cell growth and to analyze if there is a relationship between matrix thickness and stiffness, in order to provide experimental methods for functional tissue construction in vitro. METHODS: The author performed a data retrieval of PubMed and Bailianyun databases from 1988 to 2016 to search the articles addressing the influence of extracellular matrix mechanical properties on cell growth, and systematically reviewed the literatures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 254 references were retrieved, and 43 articles were finally involved in the result analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After summarizing and analyzing, it is found that the structure and function of cells adhering to the matrix are related to the extracellular environment.In vitro simulation experiments have shown that the increasing of matrix stiffness can change the cell morphology, increase the spreading area and proliferation rate, and can also influence the cell differentiation. When the matrix thickness is in a certain range, cells can sense the change of matrix thickness. When the matrix thickness is out of range, cells cannot perceive the matrix thickness. Matrix stiffness and cross-linking degree have certain effects on the cells, and the matrix thickness ranges from several microns to 60 microns, which is associated with the horizontal size of seeded cells.