Phosphatase and tension homolog overexpression in insulin resistant diabetic adipose tissue / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) in adipose tissue of KKAy diabetic mice, a mouse model of type 2 diabetes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>KKAy diabetic mice were fed with high fat diet for 4 weeks. After blood glucose met the criteria of diabetes (over 16.7 mmol/L), mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: a control group (without any treatment), a rosiglitazone group (treated with rosiglitazone 12.5 mg/kg.d once per day), and a metformin group (treated with metformin 3 g/kg.d twice daily). After 4 weeks, we then determined the expression of PTEN and phosphoserine 473-Akt (pS473-Akt) in the epididymal adipose tissue with Western blots. The mice in each group were further divided into the insulin (-) subgroup and insulin (+) subgroup, which were intraperitoneally injected with saline and insulin (5 mU/g body weight), respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of PTEN was elevated in the epididymal adipose tissue obtained from KKAy diabetic mice compared with that from the C57BL/6J mice (P<0.001). In accordance with the enhanced expression of PTEN, the level of pS473-Akt stimulated by insulin was decreased in the adipose tissue of KKAy mice compared to the C57BL/6J mice (P<0.001). Treatment with the insulin-sensitizing agents, rosiglitazone and metformin did not inhibit the elevated expression of PTEN in adipose tissue of KKAy diabetic mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PTEN may play an important role in the development of insulin resistance in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetes mice model.</p>

Beneficial effects of a diabetes specific formula on insulin sensitivity and free fatty acid in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>This prospective, randomized, controlled study was designed to investigate the effects of a diabetes specific formula (Diason low energy: 313.8 kJ/100 ml), compared with a standard formula, on insulin sensitivity, serum C peptide, serum lipids and free fatty acid (FFA) in type 2 diabetics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In total of 71 type 2 diabetics completed the study. Enteral formulas were given orally as the sole source of nutrition to the subjects for 6 days. Venous blood samples (0.5, 1, 2, 3 hours) were collected at day-7 after a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), day 1 after a standard test meal (1673.6 kJ) and after 6 days of either the test diabetes specific formula or a standard formula. Plasma glucose, serum insulin, C peptide and lipids were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the intervention period, the diabetes specific formula resulted in a significantly lower postprandial rise in blood glucose concentrations at 0.5 hour (P < 0.05) and 1 hour (P < 0.01); significantly lower peak height of plasma glucose (P = 0.05); significantly lower plasma insulin concentrations at 0.5 hour (P < 0.01), 1 hour (P < 0.01) and 2 hours (P < 0.01); and a significantly lower plasma insulin peak compared to controls; both OGTT and a standard test meal (P < 0.05). The glucose and insulin area under the curve after the diabetes specific formula compared to the standard formula were significantly lower. The C peptide level was lower after 6 days of both nutrition formulas compare to 75 g OGTT, but not different from the standard mixed meal. Both formulas were well tolerated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In summary the diabetes specific formula with a relatively high monounsaturated fatty acid and high multi fiber proportion significantly improved glycemic control. On top of this, the insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS) was significantly improved and may therefore directly improve the impact on long term complications. The disease specific formula should therefore be the preferred option to be used by diabetic and hyperglycemic patients in need of nutritional support.</p>

Effects of 75 gram glucose oral tolerance test and standard meal test on insulin secretion function of islets of Langerhans and free fatty acid in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To observe the effects of 75 gram glucose oral tolerance test (75 g OGTT) and standard mixed meal test (SMMT) on insulin secretion function of the islets of Langerhans and plasma free fatty acid (FFA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Seventy-six patients with type 2 diabetes without using insulin and with no obvious complications were recruited for 75 g OGTT following overnight fasting on the first day and SMMT (bread 50 g,egg 50 g and milk 250 ml) on the 7th day.Blood specimens were collected from each patients before the tests and 30 min,60 min,120 min and 180 min after glucose or meal load to measure their levels of plasma glucose,serum insulin,C peptide,FFA and lipids (total cholesterol,triglyceride,high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol).Results No difference in fasting plasma glucose,serum insulin,C peptide,FFA and lipids between 75 g OGTT and SMMT was found.Postprandial plasma glucose 30 min,60 min,120 min and 180 min after 75 g OGTT was significantly higher than that after SMMT,with (15.3?3.5) vs (9.9?3.4) mmol/L,(18.2?4.8) vs (12.8?4.0) mmol/L,(16.3?5.8) vs (12.2?4.9) mmol/L and (10.6?5.4) vs (9.5?4.5) mmol/L (F=28.1,P

Identification of G6PD gene variants from Hakka population in Guangdong province / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Studying on G6PD polymorphism from Hakka population in Guangdong province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Identifying the variants of G6PD gene and determining the frequencies respectively with the use of amplified refractory mutation system(ARMS), polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) and ABI 3100 DNA sequencing technologies.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mutations of G6PD gene in cDNA 1388 (G-->A), 1376 (G-->T), 95 (A-->G), 392 (G-->T), 1024 (C-->T), 1311 (C-->T) have been found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>G6PD cDNA 1388 (G-->A), 1376 (G-->T), 95(A--> G), 392 (G-->T), 1024 (C-->T) and 1311 (C-->T) accompanied with intron 11 (93 T-->C) are the common mutations in Chinese population. cDNA 1388 (G-->A), cDNA 1376 (G-->T) are the most popular G6PD gene variants in Hakka population. In this study, no new type of G6PD gene mutation was found in the Hakkas of Guangdong.</p>

Complex mutations of 1311 C-->T in exon 11 and 93 T-->C in intron 11 in G6PD gene / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between complex 1311 mutation of C-->T in exon 11 and 93 T-->C in intron 11 of G6PD gene and the G6PD deficiency.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using NBT paper strip method to screen and quantitative NBT method to confirm G6PD deficiency. PCR-SSCP technique was used to find the abnormal exon 11 and the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) to identify 1311 mutation, and DNA sequencing to identify the complex mutation at 1311 in exon 11 and 93 in intron 11.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Abnormal band in exon 11 was found in 12 cases. DNA sequencing showed that they were 1311 mutation together with 93 mutation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This complex mutation may be the cause of reduced activity of G6PD enzyme.</p>