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Background Long-term excessive consuming sugar-sweetened beverages have a negative impact on health. In order to decrease the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and create a healthy food environment, the Health Commission of Shenzhen Municipality pioneered to enforce health warning labels presented in commercial locations vending sugar-sweetened beverages based on relevant provisions of the Health Regulations of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone，but its effect has not yet been evaluated. Objective To evaluate the impact of presenting health warning labels in commercial locations vending sugar-sweetened beverages in Shenzhen. Methods A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to randomly select one street in each of the 10 districts (excluding the Shenzhen Shantou Special Cooperation Zone) of Shenzhen followed by a convenience sampling to select sampling sites to conduct an undercover investigation on the presentation of health warning labels for sugar-sweetened beverages in six different types of venues (n=232) such as shopping malls, ordinary supermarkets/convenience stores, self-service vending machines, catering service places, medical institutions, and venues serving minors' education and activities. At the same time, 238 site managers, 1002 adult consumers, and 7396 child and adolescent consumers were interviewed. Results Among 213 commercial locations vending sugar-sweetened beverages, the rate of health warning label installation was 26.3%, with the highest installation rate in shopping malls (55.0%). Among site managers, 47.8% were aware that commercial locations were required to install health warning labels, and 50.0% were aware of the standards for setting up health warning labels. The higher the awareness of relevant regulations, the higher the rate of installation of health warning labels. More than half of site managers (55.3%) believed that after installing health warning labels, the sales of sugar-sweetened beverages and sugar-sweetened beverages in large-volume packages had decreased compared to the same period in previous years. Most of the interviewed consumers indicated that if they saw the health warning labels for sugar-sweetened beverages, they would buy less, give up purchasing, or choose low-sugar or sugar-free beverages, and also discourage their family members or friends from drinking such beverages. Compared with participants without awareness of the health warning labels, both adult and child and adolescent consumers with awareness of the health warning labels believed that the installation is beneficial to their good eating habits and reported a higher proportion of discouraging family members or friends from drinking such beverages, with a lower frequency of consuming sugar-sweetened beverages. Conclusion Health warning labels for sugar-sweetened beverages have a significant effect on promoting behavior changes, and both site managers and citizens have a high level of support for them. However, in view of the low voluntary compliance rate of commercial locations and the installation rate of health warning labels, the publicity and enforcement of the Health Regulations of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone should be enhanced.
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Objective:To prepare camel-derived nanoantibodies that can bind to the recombinant protein VirB12 antigen with high affinity and lay the foundation for further research.Methods:Xinjiang Bactrian camels were immunized six times with VirB12 recombinant protein, total RNA was extracted from lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood, and the VHH gene fragment was amplified by nested PCR to construct a phage VHH display library. ELISA solid-phase affinity and enrichment methods were used for screening. After three rounds of affinity screening, the clones enriched in the second and third rounds were randomly picked out, and the binding of a nanoantibody with soluble expression to VirB12 was analyzed by ELISA. After sequence determination and multiple alignment, repetitive sequences were removed, and finally five non-redundant sequences were obtained, which were named D1, E6, H8, H9, and H10. The five identified nanoantibody genes were transformed into the WK6 strain, and the soluble expression of an intercellular substance was carried out at 16 °C. After purified expression of Ni-NTA, the binding ability and thermal stability of nanoantibodies and the antigen VirB12 protein were detected by Western Blot and ELISA.Results:Five strains of nanoantibodies were expressed in WK6 bacteria in soluble form. SDS-PAGE showed that the purity of five anti-VirB12 nanoantibodies was close to 90%, and they had high antigen-binding activity and obvious antigen-antibody concentration dependence. All four strains of nanoantibodies showed high thermal stability, and after being treated at 90 ℃, they could still retain more than 60% binding activity.Conclusions:In the study, a VHH phage display library with a capacity of 2.8×10 8 cfu/ml was constructed from Xinjiang Bactrian camel lymphocytes immunized with VirB12 recombinant protein. Five anti-VirB12 nanoantibodies with high affinity and thermal stability were obtained through solid-phase screening and enrichment and soluble monoclonal ELISA detection. These results laid the foundation for further development of VirB12 nanoantibodies.
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Objective To illuminate the incidence and mortality of stroke in Shenzhen urban citizens,and to explore the regularity and characteristics of stroke occurrence in shenzhen.Method According to the guide of WHO-MONICA,the registered data of Shenzhen stroke incidence was collected and analyzed.Results The results showed there were 21 170 new stroke cases from 2003 to 2006 in Shenzhen,including 6661(31.0%) Ischemic stroke,1 4391(68.0%) Intracerebral Hemorrhage and 118(1.0%) unspecified cases,with gender ratio of 1.49 and the average age of 61.3?16.2 yrs.Compared to the World-wide standardized rate of 268.22/100 000,the average annual incidence of Stroke in shenzhen was 148.66/100 000.The annual incidence increased with age,and showed a tendency to rise steadily year by year in both genders.The mortality of stroke was 10.6% with no statistical significance between male rate of 11.1% and female rate of 9.8%.There was significant difference between the mortalities of Intracerebral Hemorrhage(25.2%) and Ischemic Stroke(3.6%)(P
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Objective To explore the hospitalization expenses and its related factors of injury cases in Shenzhen city in 2006,and to provide basis for the expense control in future.Methods The medical expense proportion was calculated on 7 180 injury cases with hospitalization data from Shenzhen injury surveillance system,ANOVA and multivariate regression analysis were used to determine the influencing factors for the expenses.Result The medical expenses of injury inpatients in Shenzhen were 3 835.65 RMB/case and 437.86 RMB/case/day.36.10% and 20.27% of the total expenses were attributed to medication and therapy,respectively.The expense per day was correlated strongly with the level of hospital,length of stay,age,method of payment and injury location.Conclusions The disease burden of injury was higher than that of other diseases,Hospitalization expenses can be effectively controlled by taking strategies,such as enhancing the care and treatment before hospitalization,shortening the duration of hospitalization,avoiding infection in hospital and so on.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of different interventios on insulin resistance and ?-cell function in population with impaired glucose tolerance(impaired glucose tolerance,IGT).Methods The total of 382 cases of IGT were divided into five groups according to interventions:control(C),diet plus exercise group(D+E),Acarbose Group(A),Metformin(M)and traditional Chinese medicine Group(TCM),with each group making the appropriate intervention programmes.BMI,FPG,2hPG,F-Ins,P-Ins,F-CP and P-CP were determined before intervention and yearly during the follow up,and BMI,HOMA-IR,HOMA-? were calculated.Results By the end of the study,insulin,F-CP,IR Group D+E and FPG,2hPG,insulin,C-peptide,IR in the other groups were significantly lower than before the intervention(P