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Objective:To analyze the distribution of radiodiagnosis resources in China and provide data support for further optimizing the allocation of radiodiagnosis resources and improving the weaknesses in radiation protection.Methods:The survey was carried out in accordance with the unified plan and using questionnaires of the national medical radiation protection monitoring program issued from 2017 to 2019. The survey included all medical institutions performing radiodiagnosis in China. The survey indicators included distribution of medical institutions performing radiodiagnosis, number of equipment, number of radiation workers and other information, the allocation of radiation protection equipment and the frequency of radiodiagnosis. The survey was performed using questionnaire survey and reported through the national medical radiation protection monitoring information system. In terms of the organization code, the name of the organizations excludes those repeatedly reported. The original data was exported in the form of excel table from the database for the purpose of statistical analysis.Results:By the end of 2019, except Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions and military systems, there were 68 924 diagnostic radiology medical institutions in China, 147 913 diagnostic radiology equipment, accounting for 91.7% of the total pieces of nationwide diagnostic radioprotective equipment. There are 367 201 radiologists in China, accounting for 76.1% of 406 830 radiologists in all medical institutions, with high allocation rate of radiation protection equipment. However, the allocation rate in first-class hospitals was the lowest among all levels of hospitals. The piece of protection equipment was increased with the grade of hospital. From perspective of of economic development level, the highest was found in the eastern region, with the lowest in the central and northeast region, both of which are about 90%.Conclusions:The current status of radiodiagnosis and protection was ascertained basically through this three-year round of survey, with a large number of survey data accumulated. This survey provides data support for the development of relevant protection policies and standards at national and provincial levels. Survey data indicated that there are still nearly 1 000 direct fluorescent screen fluoroscopy machines in use in China. Relevant policies and standards should be established to gradually phase out the equipment with serious radiation hazards.
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Objective@#To construct a national medical radiation protection monitoring information system (NMRPMIS) based on the national radiation health information platform, support the national medical radiation protection monitoring project data reporting, and comprehensively understand the current situation of medical radiation protection.@*Methods@#According to the national radiation protection monitoring plan, laws, regulations and standards, HTML, CSS and JavaScript were used in the front end, JAVA language was used in the back end, SQL server was used in the platform database and Tomcat was used as the middleware. A data reporting and analysis system was set in the system through B/S structure, with statistical analysis of the 2017 annual monitoring data carried out.@*Results@#The business composition of the platform includes four levels: data acquisition (through various business systems), data resource integration (integration of business system public data), application, and display. The national medical radiation protection monitoring system with flexible structure, centralized information and convenient operation was implemented. The national medical radiation protection information was reported in 2017. The basic situation of radiation protection in 33 565 hospitals and the performance and protection information of 10 624 pieces of radiation diagnosis and treatment equipment were reported in 2017. A total of 95 statistical information reports were completed, describing the current situation of medical radiation protection in China from four dimensions: time, administrative geographic information, hospital level, and equipment types.@*Conclusions@#Medical radiation protection monitoring system helped achieve the design goal and successfully complete the data reporting in 2017. It provides data support for understanding the current situation of medical radiation protection and the protection management policymaking in China.
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Objective@#To construct a national radiological health information platform, in order to collect and analyze radiological health monitoring and survey data, so as to improve data utilization and ensuring technology support to radiological health.@*Methods@#In accordance with China′s relevant laws, regulations and regulations, a national radiological health information platform was designed, developed and operated in response to the needs of radiological health monitoring, scientific research and management.@*Results@#The system was initially established in 2015, consisting of five business modules: medical radiation protection, personal dose, occupational health, food radioactivity monitoring and occupational radiological disease reporting. In the past 4 years, the system has been running normally and 5 business databases have been established. More than 8 million data of monitoring and survey have been collected. More than 1 400 terminal users have good experiences and frequent interactions.@*Conclusions@#The successful construction of the national radiological health information platform not only promotes and standardizes the network direct reporting of radiological health monitoring and investigation business data, but also provides analytical and utilization tools for technical institutions/personnel on radiological health, and gradually becomes an important scientific basis and database for the development of radiological health laws, regulations and standards in China as well as for national health service.
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Objective To analyze 20 indicators for the evaluation of medical radiation protection monitoring in 31 provinces,municipalities or autonomous regions in 2017 and provide technical support and reference for further optimization of medical radiation protection monitoring projects.Methods According to " medical radiation protection monitoring assessment score sheet for medical and health institutions",a full range of analysis and evaluation was carried out of medical radiation protection monitoring and implementation at nationwide medical and health institutions by using fuzzy combined method of TOPSIS and rank sum ratio.Results TOPSIS method and rank sum ratio weighted fuzzy joint analysis showed that the top three indicators,in descending order,were management of provincial implementation plans,management of project leaders in various cities and management of funds whereas the lowest three indicators were completion of radiotherapy equipment commissioning,innovation and highlights and tcoverage of radiotherapy equipment.Conclusions The fuzzy combined application of TOPSIS method and rank sum ratio method can provide the comprehensive quantitative result for the implementation of medical radiation protection monitoring in 2017,objectively evaluate the implementation of various indicators,summarize the highlights and bottlenecks of work in 2017,and provide technical support and reference for further optimization of medical radiation protection monitoring.
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Objective To construct a national medical radiation protection monitoring information system (NMRPMIS) based on the national radiation health information platform, support the national medical radiation protection monitoring project data reporting, and comprehensively understand the current situation of medical radiation protection. Methods According to the national radiation protection monitoring plan, laws, regulations and standards, HTML, CSS and JavaScript were used in the front end, JAVA language was used in the back end, SQL server was used in the platform database and Tomcat was used as the middleware. A data reporting and analysis system was set in the system through B/ S structure, with statistical analysis of the 2017 annual monitoring data carried out. Results The business composition of the platform includes four levels: data acquisition ( through various business systems), data resource integration (integration of business system public data), application, and display. The national medical radiation protection monitoring system with flexible structure, centralized information and convenient operation was implemented. The national medical radiation protection information was reported in 2017. The basic situation of radiation protection in 33565 hospitals and the performance and protection information of 10624 pieces of radiation diagnosis and treatment equipment were reported in 2017. A total of 95 statistical information reports were completed, describing the current situation of medical radiation protection in China from four dimensions: time, administrative geographic information, hospital level, and equipment types. Conclusions Medical radiation protection monitoring system helped achieve the design goal and successfully complete the data reporting in 2017. It provides data support for understanding the current situation of medical radiation protection and the protection management policymaking in China.
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Objective To construct a national radiological health information platform, in order to collect and analyze radiological health monitoring and survey data, so as to improve data utilization and ensuring technology support to radiological health. Methods In accordance with China′s relevant laws, regulations and regulations, a national radiological health information platform was designed, developed and operated in response to the needs of radiological health monitoring, scientific research and management. Results The system was initially established in 2015, consisting of five business modules: medical radiation protection, personal dose, occupational health, food radioactivity monitoring and occupational radiological disease reporting. In the past 4 years, the system has been running normally and 5 business databases have been established. More than 8 million data of monitoring and survey have been collected. More than 1400 terminal users have good experiences and frequent interactions. Conclusions The successful construction of the national radiological health information platform not only promotes and standardizes the network direct reporting of radiological health monitoring and investigation business data, but also provides analytical and utilization tools for technical institutions/ personnel on radiological health, and gradually becomes an important scientific basis and database for the development of radiological health laws, regulations and standards in China as well as for national health service.
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Objective:It is to discuss results and significance of PET/CT in the performance tests.Methods: According to NEMA NU 2-2007 Performance Measurements of Positron Emission Tomographs and GB 17589-2011 specifications for quality assurance test for computed tomography X-ray scanners standards, with phantoms of nuclear medicine and CT, performance testing was done.Results: Spatial Resolution (FWHM): transverse 1 cm 4.16 mm, axial: 1 cm 4.04 mm, transverse 10 cm 4.92 mm, axial: 10 cm 5.74 mm. Sensitivity: 9.6 s-1·kBq-1, scatter fraction: 35.4%, peak NEC rate: 1.69×105 s-1.Conclusion: According to manufacturers and national standards, the results of performances testing are up to standard. It is necessary to enhance the effect of in quality control(QC) of PET/CT and the fundamentality of the performance tests, so that the devices come to the demands for clinical practice.
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Objective To analyze the influence factors on, and the relationship between, the system performance parameters by testing SPECT equipment.Methods By reference to National Electrical Manufactures Association standards and manufacturer's specifications, the performances of a total of 31 SPECTs in 12 provinces were measured, for the first time, with regard to their system spatial resolution (SSR) , system planar sensitivity (SPS) and tomographic spatial resolution (TPR).Results The results were as follows: (7.90 ± 0.62) mm for SSR, with the highest 9.46 mm and the lowest 7.04 mm;(78.54± 13.17)s-1· MBq-1 for SPS, with the highest 123.80 s-1 · MBq-1 and the lowest 56.70 s-1·MBq-1;and (13.12 ± 2.59) mm for TSR, with the highest 18.13 mm and the lowest 8.45 mm.These values indicated a nearly consistent upward and downward trend and could meet the clinical requirements by comparison with the manufactuer' s specifications.Conclusions Mutual restrictions have been shown between SSR and SPS.Increased thickness of the system crystal plane can improve the SPS, but also has a negative impact on the SSR.For all the above reasons, it is the optimum solution to choose the right type of collimator and crystal thickness for different clinical applications.
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Objective To identify the steps with potentially higher risk through the analysis of human factors in clinical PET application so as to provide the efficient measures to reduce the risk of potential exposures.Methods The basic data were obtained through field investigation, questionnaire,failure mode, risk identification, FMECA and expert's evaluation, with statistical analysis made.Comparison was made of the relative risk values of automatic encapsulation equipment and manual encapsulation ones.Results The 10 steps with potentially higher risks were identified through analyzing human factors of clinical PET application, of which 8 occurred in the phase of chemical synthesis.The measures to control risk were addressed for the steps with higher risk.The results show that the relative risk value of the clinical process with automatic encapsulation equipment was 2.28 ± 0.99 and the one with manual encapsulation equipment was 3.20 ± 2.01 ( t = 2.56, P ＜ 0.05 ), with the latter being 76% of the former.Conclusions Failure mode and FMECA are effective in risk evaluation of clinical PET application, which can provide important basis for risk control.