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【Objective】 To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of cepharanthine on nasopharyngeal carcinoma rats through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and its effect on Survivin and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2). 【Methods】 A rat model of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was established by subcutaneous injection of dinitrosopiperazine (DNP). Then the rats were randomly divided into model group, stephenine group, activator group, inhibitor group, and control group. Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels in nasal lavage fluid were detected, HE staining was used to observe pathological changes of nasal mucosa, TUNEL method was used to observe cell apoptosis of nasal mucosa, Western blotting was used to detect ERK, p-ERK, Survivin, XIAP, Bcl-2, Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) protein expression of nasal mucosa. 【Results】 The histopathological changes of rat nasal mucosa in stephenine group, activator group and inhibitor group were significantly better than those in model group; the improvement in activator group was worse. Compared with model group, the body mass, Survivin, XIAP, and Bcl-2 protein expressions increased, while the levels of IL-1β and IL-18, the rate of apoptosis and p-ERK1/2 and Bax protein expressions decreased in cephalothin group, activator group and inhibitor group (P<0.05). Compared with cephalothin group, in activator group the body mass, Survivin, XIAP, and Bcl-2 protein expressions decreased, whereas IL-1β and IL-18 levels, the rate of apoptosis, and p-ERK1/2 and Bax protein expressions increased. In inhibitor group, the body mass, Survivin, XIAP, and Bcl-2 protein expressions increased, IL-1β and IL-18 levels, the rate of apoptosis, and p-ERK1/2 and Bax protein expressions decreased (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Stephaneine has a certain preventive effect on nasopharyngeal carcinoma rats, which may play an effect by inhibiting the MAPK/ERK pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of G protein coupled receptor 119 ( GPR119) in regulating lipid metabolism. Methods ( 1) Macrophage THP-1 was induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein ( oxLDL) to the formation of lipid foam cells, protein expression of GPR119, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by Western blotting. (2) Constructing GPR119 over-expressed and low-expressed plasmids, the plasmids were transfected into THP-1 cells which induced by oxLDL. The lipid content in macrophages was observed by oil red O staining. Cholesterol efflux was detected by liquid scintillation counter. The mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF were detected by reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting. (3) Constructing GPR119, HIF-1α, and VEGF over-expressed plasmids, then co-transfection of GPR119 and HIF-1α/VEGF plasmids. The lipid content in macrophages was observed by oil red O staining. Cholesterol efflux was detected by liquid scintillation counter. Results Compared with the control group, the lipid droplets were densely distributed in macrophages, with a large number and volume. The protein expression of GPR119 was significantly decreased and HIF-1α, VEGF were significantly increased in macrophages induced by oxLDL ( P<0.05). After over-expression of GPR119, the lipid droplets were sparsely distributed and the number was significantly reduced in macrophages, the lipid droplets were mostly located in the area around the cells. The cholesterol efflux was significantly increased ( P<0. 01 ) . The mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF were significantly decreased ( P<0.01) . On the contrary, in the GPR119 inhibition group, the lipid droplets were densely distributed in macrophages, with a large number and volume. The lipid droplets even covered the nuclei. The cholesterol efflux was significantly reduced (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α, VEGF were significantly increased ( P<0.05) . After GPR119 were co-expressed with HIF-1αand VEGF, the number of lipid droplets was increased, lipid droplets were dense and bulky in oxLDL-induce macrophages. The cholesterol efflux was inhibited. Conclusion GPR119 can regulate lipid metabolism and possibly by down-regulating the expression of HIF-1αand VEGF.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the effect and mechanism of G protein coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) in regulating lipid metabolism.@*Methods@#(1) Macrophage THP-1 was induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) to the formation of lipid foam cells, protein expression of GPR119, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by Western blotting. (2) Constructing GPR119 over-expressed and low-expressed plasmids, the plasmids were transfected into THP-1 cells which induced by oxLDL. The lipid content in macrophages was observed by oil red O staining. Cholesterol efflux was detected by liquid scintillation counter. The mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF were detected by reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting. (3) Constructing GPR119, HIF-1α, and VEGF over-expressed plasmids, then co-transfection of GPR119 and HIF-1α/VEGF plasmids. The lipid content in macrophages was observed by oil red O staining. Cholesterol efflux was detected by liquid scintillation counter.@*Results@#Compared with the control group, the lipid droplets were densely distributed in macrophages, with a large number and volume. The protein expression of GPR119 was significantly decreased and HIF-1α, VEGF were significantly increased in macrophages induced by oxLDL (P<0.05). After over-expression of GPR119, the lipid droplets were sparsely distributed and the number was significantly reduced in macrophages, the lipid droplets were mostly located in the area around the cells. The cholesterol efflux was significantly increased (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF were significantly decreased (P<0.01). On the contrary, in the GPR119 inhibition group, the lipid droplets were densely distributed in macrophages, with a large number and volume. The lipid droplets even covered the nuclei. The cholesterol efflux was significantly reduced (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α, VEGF were significantly increased (P<0.05). After GPR119 were co-expressed with HIF-1α and VEGF, the number of lipid droplets was increased, lipid droplets were dense and bulky in oxLDL-induce macrophages. The cholesterol efflux was inhibited.@*Conclusion@#GPR119 can regulate lipid metabolism and possibly by down-regulating the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF.
ABSTRACT
The key parts of chemical fingerprinting. However, the performance of the current whole similarity determining method sometimes is inadequate when the chromatograms of different classes are similar. The present study was focused on developing a sort similarity measure determining method for these problems. In this method, chemical fingerprint features are extracted from original chromatograms for classifying the samples. Further, the fluctuations of chemical compositions among the same class samples are evaluated using an inter-class similarity measure. The proposed method was applied to evaluate the quality of Sarcandra glabra samples through their HPLC fingerprints. The results showed that the different parts of this plant, i.e., the aerial and the whole, were clearly classified, and chemical fluctuations of samples with the same sort were well represented.