Bioinformatics analysis of the RNA binding protein DDX39 of Toxoplasma gondii / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the RNA binding protein of Toxoplasma gondii (TgDDX39) using bioinformatics technology, and to evaluate the immunogenicity of TgDDX39, so as to provide insights into development of toxoplasmosis vaccines. Methods The amino acid sequences of TgDDX39 were retrieved from the ToxoDB database, and the physicochemical properties, transmembrane structure domain, signal peptide sites, post-translational modification sites, coils, secondary and tertiary structures, hydrophobicity, and antigenic epitopes of the TgDDX39 protein were predicted using online bioinformatics tools, incluiding ProtParam, TMHMM 2.0, SignalP 5.0, NetPhos 3.1, COILS, SOPMA, Phyre2, ProtScale, ABCpred, SYFPEITHI and DNA-STAR. Results TgDDX39 protein was predicted to be an unstable hydrophilic protein with the molecular formula of C2173H3458N598O661S18, which contained 434 amino acids and had an estimated molecular weight of 49.1 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.55. The protein was predicted to have an extremely low possibility of signal peptides, without transmembrane regions, and contain 27 phosphorylation sites. The β turn and random coils accounted for 39.63% of the secondary structure of the TgDDX39 protein, and a coiled helix tended to produce in one site. In addition, the TgDDX39 protein contained multiple B and T cell antigenic epitopes. Conclusions Bioinformatics analyses predict that TgDDX39 protein has high immunogenicity and contains multiple antigenic epitopes. TgDDX39 protein is a potential candidate antigen for vaccine development.

Current Status, Hot Spot Discovery and Integration Prospect of Cancer-related Fatigue Research at Home and Abroad Based on Bibliometric Visualization Map Analysis / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To review the research progress, present the research status and analyze the evolution trend of hot spots through the bibliometric analysis of the research literature of cancer-related fatigue(CRF) at home and abroad. Methods We took CRF as the theme and the papers on CRF included in CNKI and WOS core database as the research object, and used VOSviewer and CiteSpace software as research tools, to make a visual atlas analysis on the research status and hot spot evolution at home and abroad. Results (1)Research status: ① Literature: 3 646 papers (1 959 in English and 1 687 in Chinese) were finally included. The number of papers published at home and abroad showed an overall upward trend, and the proportion of foreign fund papers was high; ② domestic papers focused on nursing and rehabilitation. The research area of foreign papers was more extensive, diverse and integrated; ③ Domestic cooperation was mainly small group cooperation, while foreign cooperation was more interdisciplinary and cross-team cooperation, forming a number of core teams and research institutions; ④ Domestic scholars paid attention to clinical application research and were good at learning from foreign countries and summarizing own experience. Foreign scholars paid more attention to basic research and the treatment was more systematic and standardized; ⑤ There were a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation tools, mainly foreign scales. (2) Hot spot evolution: "quality of life" had always been a common topic of concern at home and abroad. Domestic scholars focused on clinical research and emphasized "treatment based on examination of causes" and "treatment based on syndrome differentiation". Foreign scholars attached importance to basic research and methodological research, and advocated non-drug intervention such as sports. In recent years, complementary and alternative medicine had become a hot topic in the international research. Domestic scholars had paid more attention to the research of mechanism and methodology, and expanded the application of TCM characteristic therapy in CRF. Conclusion Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine and multi-disciplinary participation are the future diagnosis and treatment mode of CRF. It's the direction of future efforts to establish CRF evaluation and management mode with TCM characteristic non-drug therapy as the core under integrated medicine.

Analysis of the Efficacy of Immunotherapy in Elderly Patients with Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has become the standard treatment for patients with non-oncogenic advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While lung cancer is most prevalent in elderly patients, these patients are rarely included in pivotal clinical trial studies. We aimed to describe the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy for elderly patients in the "real-world".@*METHODS@#The data of older NSCLC patients and younger patients who received immunotherapy between July 2018 to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and the objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) in different age groups (less than 60 years old was defined as the young group, 60 years-74 years old was the young old group, 75 years old and above was the old old group) were compared. And the impact of different clinical characteristics on treatment response and prognosis were analyzed in each age subgroup.@*RESULTS@#A total of 21 young patients, 70 young old patients and 15 old old patients were included in this study, with ORR of 33.3%, 52.8% and 53.3%, respectively, without statistically significant difference (P=0.284). The median PFS was 9.1 mon, 7.6 mon and 10.9 mon, respectively, without statistically significant difference (P=0.654). Further analysis of the predictors of immunotherapy in each subgroup revealed that patients in the young old group and young group who received immunotherapy in the first line had a longer PFS. The difference of the incidence of adverse events was not statistically significant among the three groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in elderly patients were similar to those in younger patients, and PFS was superior in the first-line immunotherapy. Further prospective studies are still needed to explore predictors of immunotherapy in elderly NSCLC patients.

Analysis of the Efficacy of Immunotherapy on the Posterior Lines of Advanced EGFR Mutant Patients with Non-small cell Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy is reported to have little effect in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with driver oncogenes. However, recent studies have shown that some patients with driver genes are still benefit from combination immunotherapy after tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) drug resistance. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of posterior line immunotherapy in NSCLC patients with epidermal growth factor (EGFR) sensitive mutation, and to evaluate the value of immunotherapy in posterior line therapy in patients with advanced EGFR mutation.@*METHODS@#A total of 27 patients with EGFR mutation diagnosed in Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2018 to November 2020 were collected. After the progress of targeted therapy, they had received programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitor combined with chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic drug therapy.@*RESULTS@#Of the 27 advanced NSCLC patients, 19 cases (70.4%) did not have T790M mutation. There were 8 cases (29.6%) with T790M point mutation. The total objective response rate (ORR) was 40.7%. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference among different EGFR mutations (χ²=4.15, P=0.230). But progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly longer in patients without T790M mutation than in patients with T790M mutation (9.2 mon vs 3.3 mon, χ²=2.808, P=0.041), and the same trend was observed in patients with overall survival treated with the PD-1 inhibitor (12.2 mon vs 7.3 mon, χ²=3.22, P=0.062). ORR of patients without T790M was significantly better than that with T790M (52.63% vs 12.5%, P=0.045).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Patients with EGFR mutation can benefit from later-line combined immunotherapy. The patients with T790M mutation in the population of EGFR mutation had the worst effect of immunotherapy in the later line. Therefore, the follow-up treatment and whole-course management of these patients need to explore better treatment strategies to improve the benefit.

Preliminary Efficacy Evaluation of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Combined with Chemotherapy in Resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Preliminary researches conformed that neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy had a significant short-term effect in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but there were few clinical trials about neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in China. We aimed to assess retrospectively the antitumour activity and safety of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for resectable stage Ib-IIIb NSCLC.@*METHODS@#Twenty patients who had been diagnosed as stage Ib-IIIb NSCLC and received chemoimmunotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment between November 2019 and December 2020, in Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University were recruited. These patients received neoadjuvant treatment for 21 days as a cycle and antitumour activity and safety were evaluated every two cycles.@*RESULTS@#Of 20 patients received neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, 17 patients underwent surgical resection. 16 patients had R0 resection (no residual tumor resection) and 1 patient had R1 resection (microscopic residual tumor resection). Radiographic objective response rate (ORR) was 85.0% (4 complete response, 13 partial response). 5.0% (1/20) of patients had stable disease, and 10.0% (2/20) of patients had progression disease. The major pathologic response (MPR) was 47.1% (8/17), and complete pathologic response (CPR) was 29.4% (5/17). 1 case developed grade IV immune-related pneumonia (IRP) and 9 (45.0%) cases had grade III hematologic toxicity.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy has a better efficiency and tolerable adverse effects for patients with resectable NSCLC in stage Ib-IIIb.

Research Progress of Single Cell Sequencing in Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest mortality rate in the world. Heterogeneity of lung cancer, usually studied by sequencing technology, is considered to have important clinical significance in current studies. However, general sequencing technology can only explain the differences between samples integrally and its resolution is not enough to describe the differences between the individual cells. Therefore, people urgently hope to understand the cell type, state, subgroup distribution in the tumor microenvironment and the communication behavior between cells in the single cell level. Single-cell sequencing technology solves this problem. Using this technique will contribute to further understanding the mechanism of the occurrence and development of lung cancer, discovering new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets, and providing theoretical references for the precise treatment of lung cancer patients in the future. This article reviews the progress of single-cell sequencing technology and focuses on its research on lung cancer tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, invasion and metastasis, treatment response, and drug resistance.
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CD45RO⁺ Memory T Lymphocytes As A Candidate Marker for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Lung cancer is the most common malignancy world-wide. There are a variety of immune infiltrating cells in tumor microenvironment, which is an important component of tumor immunity and has clinical significance for the prognosis of patients. CD45RO is a surface marker of memory T cells. The expression of CD45RO⁺ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is associated with the prognosis of many tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the density of CD45RO⁺ TILs in tumor and stromal area and the clinical characteristics of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its impact on the prognosis of patients. We aimed to explore the clinical value of CD45RO⁺ TILs and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as prognostic markers.@*METHODS@#Multiple fluorescent immunohistochemical staining was used to stain the tissue microarray chips of 167 patients with NSCLC, marking CD45RO, cytokeratin (CK) and PD-L1. Using artificial intelligence image recognition technology and tumor cell-specific CK staining, divide the tumor and stromal area in the tissue, evaluate the density of CD45RO⁺ TILs in the tumor and stromal area, and the expression level of PD-L1 in tumor cells. The non-parametric test was used to analyze the relationship between CD45RO⁺ TILs and the clinical characteristics of patients, and the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox risk ratio model were used to analyze the relationship between CD45RO⁺ TILs independently or in combination with PD-L1 and tumor prognosis.@*RESULTS@#The density of CD45RO⁺ TILs was significantly associated with patient age, smoking, tumor stage, and pathological type. Single-factor survival analysis showed that NSCLC (P=0.007) stromal region and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) (P<0.001) with CD45RO⁺ TILs high density had better OS. Multivariate survival analysis showed that the high density of CD45RO⁺ TILs in the stromal region of NSCLC (HR=0.559, 95%CI: 0.377-0.829, P=0.004) and lung adenocarcinoma (HR=0.352, 95%CI: 0.193-0.641, P=0.001) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival time (OS). Combined with PD-L1 score of tumor cells in tumor tissues and infiltration score of CD45RO⁺ TILs in all tumor tissues, the patients were divided into 4 groups: patients with PD-L1⁺/CD45RO⁺ had the longest disease-free survival (DFS) time, and patients with PD-L1⁺/CD45RO- had the shortest DFS time. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that PD-L1⁺/CD45RO- was an independent prognostic factor for DFS and had a higher risk of poor prognosis compared to the other three groups (HR=2.221, 95%CI: 1.258-3.919, P=0.006).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In tumor tissues, the density of CD45RO⁺ TILs, as well as the combination of CD45RO⁺ TILs and PD-L1 in tumor areas, significantly correlated with clinicopathological features and prognosis of NSCLC, which can be used as a new prognosis marker.

Evaluation of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Monotherapy or Combination with Chemotherapy for Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and High PD-L1 Expression / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been widely used in the treatment of lung cancer. There are controversies in clinical practice for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and high programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression receiving ICIs monotherapy or combination chemotherapy.@*METHODS@#This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 49 patients with advanced NSCLC and high PD-L1 expression. Immunohistochemistry was performed with 22C3 antibody, and the expression level of PD-L1 was evaluated according to tumor proportion score (TPS). Objective response rate (ORR) and progression free survival (PFS) were compared by groups of different clinical characteristics.@*RESULTS@#ORR of monotherapy and combination therapy group was 47.1% (8/17) and 43.8% (14/32), respectively, without statistical difference (P=0.825). The median PFS of monotherapy and combination therapy group was 8.0 months and 6.8 months, respectively, without statistical difference (P=0.502). Statistical analysis of predictors of immunotherapy for the patients showed first-line immunotherapy had better ORR than subsequent immunotherapy (12/19, 63.2% vs 10/30, 33.3%, P=0.041), however no difference in PFS. And there were no differences in ORR or PFS among groups of age, gender, smoking status, performance status (PS), pathological type, tumor size and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The therapeutic effect is similar between ICIs monotherapy and combination chemotherapy for patients with advanced NSCLC and high PD-L1 expression. ORR of first-line immunotherapy was better in patients with advanced NSCLC and high PD-L1 expression. The optimal treatment for this population remains further prospective clinical studies.

Developments in Immunotherapy for Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

Immunotherapy, in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors, has significantly improved the survival outcomes of advanced lung cancer patients and changed the treatment mode of lung cancer. In this article, we reviewed the mechanism of immunotherapy, the clinical trials that changed treatment guidelines, the important biomarkers, immune-related adverse events, and descripted the future of immunotherapy of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
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A Real-world Study on the Assessment of Pathological Characteristics and Targeted Therapeutic Effect of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Positive Driving Genes and High PD-L1 Expression / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Targeted therapy for patients with driver genes positive and immunotherapy for patients with driver gene-negative but high programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression are the standards of first-line treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The treatment options for patients with driver gene positive and high PD-L1 expression are still worth exploring.@*METHODS@#The characteristics of 315 patients with NSCLC were identified to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with driver gene positive and high PD-L1 expression, and the efficacy of targeted therapy.@*RESULTS@#Among the 315 patients, the total positive rate of driver genes was 62.2%, and the high PD-L1 expression rate (≥50.0%) was 11.2%. The proportion of patients with driver gene positive and high PD-L1 expression was 10.7%. PD-L1 was highly expressed in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, KRAS mutation, ALK fusion, BRAF mutation, and MET 14 exon skip mutation, the proportions were 7.8% (11/141), 18.2% (4/22), and 23.1%, (3/13), 50.0% (2/4) and 100.0% (1/1) respectively. EGFR mutation positive with PD-L1 high expression was mainly in patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma. KRAS mutation positive with PD-L1 high expression was mainly in patients with a history of smoking. Among them, two patients were followed in detail for targeted therapy, who with ALK fusion-positive and PD-L1 high expression (90.0%), EGFR L858R mutation and PD-L1 high expression (70.0%) respectively. The total OS of the patients was 5 months, 2 months.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The high PD-L1 expression rate in NSCLC patients with different driver gene mutations was variable, which maybe correlated with distinct clinicopathological characteristics. Patients with sensitive mutations and high PD-L1 expression may be less benefit from targeted therapy and have poor prognosis.

Effects of two common acellular methods on the physicochemical properties of dermal acellular matrix / 生物医学工程学杂志

At present, acellular matrix is an effective replacement material for the treatment of skin damage, but there are few systematic evaluation studies on its performance. The experimental group of this study used two decellularization methods to prepare the matrix: one was the acellular matrix which sterilized with peracetic acid first (0.2% PAA/4% ethanol solution) and then treated with hypertonic saline (group A), the other was 0.05% trypsin/EDTA decellularization after γ irradiation (group B); and the control group was soaked in PBS (Group C). Then physical properties and chemical composition of the three groups were detected. Hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining showed that the acellular effect of group B was good. The porosity of group A and B were both above 84.9%. In group A, the compressive modulus of elasticity was (9.94 ± 3.81) MPa, and the compressive modulus of elasticity was (12.59 ± 5.50) MPa in group B. There was no significant difference between group A or B and group C. The total content of collagen in acellular matrix of group A and B was significantly lower than that of group C (1. 662 ± 0.229) mg/g, but there was no significant difference in the ratio of collagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ between group B and group C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that there was no significant difference in microstructure. Qualitative detection of fibronectin and elastin in each group was basically consistent with that in group C. Therefore, acellular matrix of group B had better performance as scaffold material. The experimental results show that the acellular matrix prepared by γ-ray sterilization and decellularization of 0.05% Trypsin enzyme/EDTA could be used for the construction of tissue-engineered skin. It could also provide reference for the preparation and mounting of heterogeneous dermal acellular matrix. It was also could be used for electrostatic spinning or three-dimensional printed tissue engineered skin scaffold which could provide physical and chemical parameters for it.

Clinical Value of Droplet Digital PCR and Super-ARMS Detection of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutation in Plasma Circulating Tumor DNA of Patients with Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#The patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma should select targeted drugs based on the type of tumor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation. However, it is difficult to collect tumor tissue of advanced lung adenocarcinoma, and some experts agree that peripheral blood can be used as a substitute for tumor tissue as a test specimen. This paper aimed to investigate the clinical value of ddPCR and super-amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) in detecting EGFR gene mutation in peripheral blood of patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.@*METHODS@#A total of 119 patients diagnosed in Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from February 2016 to February 2019 were collected, and the sensitivity and specificity of plasma ctDNA EGFR gene mutation detected by ddPCR and super-arms were compared. Some patients with positive EGFR gene mutations received oral treatment with first-line EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI). The patients were divided into subgroups according to the test results. In group 1, both ddPCR and super-arms showed positive EGFR gene mutation results, with 21 cases. In group 2, ddPCR and super-arms detection of EGFR gene mutation were all negative, with 16 cases. In group 3, the ddPCR test was positive and the super-arms test was negative, with 5 cases. In group 4, the ddPCR test result was negative while the super-arms test result was positive. Since the number of patients in group 4 was 0, no statistics were included. Objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were used to evaluate the short-term outcome, and progression-free survival (PFS) was compared with survival analysis to evaluate the long-term outcome.@*RESULTS@#EGFR mutations were detected in 58 (48.7%) of 119 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. The coincidence rate between ddPCR and EGFR gene mutation in tumor tissues was 82.4% (Kappa=0.647, P0.05). Survival analysis showed that the PFS of the three groups was compared. The difference was not statistically significant (χ²=2.221, P=0.329).@*CONCLUSIONS@#ddPCR, as a high sensitivity and specificity liquid gene detection method, can be used as a reliable method to detect the mutation of plasma ctDNA EGFR gene in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. The results of plasma genetic testing can also be used as the basis for predicting the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in patients.

Theoretical construction of type classification for graduate supervisors and its transformation mode / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The theoretical framework classifies the ideal types of graduate supervisors,which is based on "the attention that the supervisor pays on academic research" and "the attention that the supervisor pays on clerical work".The author elaborates the characteristics of each type of supervisor and enumerates some possible causes for the different types of supervisors.According to the occupational characteristics of the graduate supervisors in China and taking into account the two influence factors as "personal ambition" and "relative deprivation",a theoretical model of supervisor type transformation model based on academic research and clerical work is presented and the causes of this transformation are also briefly analyzed,which provides the theoretical basis for the related research and management practice of graduate supervisors.

The development of a scale to measure the proactive socialization behavior and its impact on ;turnover intention of new nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To preliminarily develop a scale to measure the proactive socialization behavior of new nurses and test validity and reliability of the scale, to explore the impact of proactive socialization behavior on turnover intention. Methods Using a questionnaire survey method to investigate 696 new nurses who had worked within three years in nursing organization, structural equation model and hierarchical line regression methods were performed to analyze the data. Results Proactive socialization behavior scale included eight items under one dimension;the consistency coefficient of scale was 0.858;new scale had a good convergent and predictive validity;the proactive socialization behavior of new nurses was significantly negative related to turnover intention (β=-0.236,P<0.01). Conclusions The proactive socialization behavior scale has a good reliability, convergent and predictive validity. Meanwhile, new nurses with higher level of proactive socialization behavior have lower turnover intention. Because they can quickly fit the new environment, role definition and organizational culture, which in turn organization embeddedness is promoted.

Impact of workplace mindfulness on thriving at work of nursing staffs / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the influence and it′s mechanism of workplace mindfulness on thriving at work of nursing staffs. Methods A cross-section survey was conducted to collect data with an online method, the multiple line hierarchical regression analysis method was performed to test the relations between variables. Results The mean workplace mindfulness score of nursewas 4.74±0.63, the mean thriving score was 3.07 ± 0.71. Workplace mindfulness had a significantly positive prediction on thriving at work (β=0.344, P<0.01) of nurses. Conclusions Workplace mindfulness could affect nurses′thriving at work, which is beneficial to improve the growth and vitality of nursing staffs, which in turn to enhance them to abundant and vigorous life.

Measurement of medical student learning adaptability and analysis of the influencing factors / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To measure the present situation of medical students' learning adaptability and find the influencing factors in order to revise Learning Adaptability Scale for medical students.Methods A stratified sampling method was used to collect 1 180 medical students from Harbin Medical University.Using the internal consistency reliability test,the reliability of the revised student learning adaptability scale was verified.Five common factors were extracted by the exploratory factor analysis of the principal analysis method,and Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of medical student learning adaptability.Results The revised Student Learning Adaptability Scale (Cronbach's Alpha=0.914) consists of 27 measurement items.It includes five dimensions,namely self-directed learning,information utilization,environment choice,stresses response and goal orientation.The results showed that the adaptability of medical students was moderate (3.28 ± 0.52),and the influencing factors included job position (OR =1.496,95％ CI=1.114-2.009),academic achievement (OR =1.638,95 ％ CI=1.386-1.936),satisfaction with learning (OR=2.160,95％CI=1.745-2.673),professional satisfaction (OR=1.369,95％CI=1.092-1.718),professional interest (OR =1.426,95％ CI=1.186-1.715) and employment prospects (OR =1.526,95％ CI=1.251-1.862).Conclusion The reliability and validity of the Student Learning Adaptability Scale is appropriate.Medical students' learning adaptability is influenced by many factors.

Serological detection of suspected measles cases in Xicheng District of Bei-jing,2011-2014 / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand the serological detection of suspected measles cases in Xicheng District of Beijing,and provide basis for monitoring and prevention of measles.Methods Detection results of 200 blood speci-mens and age distribution of suspected measles cases in Xicheng District of Beijing in 2011 -2014 were analyzed. Results The positive rate of serological detection of suspected measles cases in 2011-2014 was 32.50%(65/200);positive rates in each year were 12.00%,4.35%,33.90%,and 44.09% respectively;there was significant differ-ence in the positive rate of serological tests in different years(P 24 years old,positive rates of serological detection were 35.38% and 34.02% respectively;31 cases (15.50%)received vaccination of measles;vaccine coverage rate in IgM antibody positive cases was lower than IgM antibody negative cases (3.08% vs 21 .48%,P <0.001 ).Conclusion Positive rate of serological detection de-creased in 2012,then increased year by year,for children under 5 years,measles are controlled by immunization with measles vaccine,in order to achieve the goal of eliminating measles effectively,control and prevention of adult measles is of great significance.

Clinicopathological features of lung adenocarcinoma harboring anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements in lung adenocarcinoma, and the clinical therapy and prognosis of the patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinicopathological data of 34 cases of ALK-positive patients treated in the Beijing Chest Hospital from 2005 to 2014 were reviewed. The expression of ALK proteins in the resected tumors was detected by immunohistochemistry, and EGFR mutations were examined by polymerase chain reaction and a direct DNA sequencing method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 34 patients, 20 were male and 14 were female, the median age was 49, and 11 were smokers and 23 were never smokers. The clinical stages of the patients were stage IA in 5 patients, IB in one patient, IIA in two patients, IIIA in 16 patients, IIIB in 5 patients, IV in 4 patients, and one patient of unknown stage. ALK-positive tumors showed strong granular staining in cell cytoplasm by immunohistochemistry. Forteen patients were solid predominant subtype with mucin production, 10 of acinar predominant subtype, 6 of papillary predominant subtype, 3 of micropapillary predominant subtype, and one was of colloid variant. There were 18 cases with mucin production, 6 cases had signet-ring cell morphology, and 10 cases showed cribriform pattern. Only one patient had coexistence of ALK rearrangement and EGFR mutation (L858R at exon 21). Of the 34 patients, 24 patients were followed up. The median follow up of the 24 patients was 11.0 months (1.7-48.7 months).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ALK-positive tumors as a molecular subtype of lung adenocarcinoma have distinct clinicopathological features. The histological findings of ALK-positive tumors are characterized by solid predominant subtype with mucin production, acinar predominant subtype, signet-ring cells and cribriform structures. They were rarely co-mutated with EGFR mutation.</p>

Analysis of the safety surveillance data of adverse events following immunization with varicella atten-uated live vaccine in Hebei province, 2012-2014 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To analyze the characteristics of adverse events following immunization ( AEFI) with varicella attenuated live vaccine ( VarV) in Hebei province during 2012—2014, to evaluate the safety of VarV and to provide supportive evidences for planning chicken pox prevention and control strate-gies in Hebei province.Methods The AEFI data associated with VarV in Hebei province during 2012 to 2014 were collected from the national AEFI information management system and were analyzed by using the method of descriptive epidemiology.Results A total of 239 cases reported during 2012 to 2014 were col-lected from the national AEFI information management system, with a male to female ratio of 1.44 ∶1.The estimated incidence rate was 25.51 per 100 000 doses.One case was serious AEFI with an incidence rate of 0.11 per 100 000 doses.Most of the AEFI cases were children under 3 years old and identified in scattered inhibiting children and kindergarten kids.The main symptoms of common vaccine reactions were fever, local swelling and induration .The rare vaccine reactions were presented as anaphylactic rashes .Conclusion The reported incidence rate of VarV associated AEFI in Hebei province was less than expected.However, the estimated incidence rate of common vaccine reactions in Hebei province was higher than that showed on the Analysis on Surveillance Data of Post-marketing Immunization Safety for Varicella Attenuated Live Vac-cine in China, 2010—2012.Attentions to the AEFI after immunization with VarV should also be paid in fu-ture.

Curative efficacy and safety of Epirubicin in combination with Capecitabine in treatment of triple-negative breast cancer / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate curative efficacy and safety of Epirubicin in combination with Capecitabine in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer and its effects on level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor C ( VEGF-C).Methods 86 patients of triple-negative breast cancer who received therapy from January 2013 to December 2014 were selected as research objects.According to therapeutic schemes,those patients were divided into control group(n=42)and observation group(n=44).Control group was treated with epirubicin,while observation group was treated with Epirubicin in combination with Capecitabine.Then, the short-term curative efficacy, adverse events effects,level of VEGF-C were observed and compared.Results After the course of treatment, the short-term curative efficacy ratio in control group and observation group was 59.5% and 65.9% respectively with no statistical difference.During the treatment, the occurrence of neutropenia, hand-foot syndrome, gastrointestinal reaction, cardiac damage and liver function damage in the two groups was statistically same respectively.After post-treatment, in comparison with control group, level of VEGF-C in observation group was statistically lower ( P <0.05 ).Conclusion Epirubicin in combination with Capecitabine is effective for triple-negative breast cancer,which has high short-term curative efficacy ratio and significantly decrease level of VEGF-C with not increasing occurrence of toxic side effects.