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Objective To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of tigecycline in combination with imipenem against multi-drug resistant and pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates,so as to discuss the feasibility of drug combination and provide the basis for chnical rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Sixteen multi-drug resistant and pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were collected between January and April in 2015 from all kinds of infected specimens of Nanjing Drun Tower Hospital.The protocol was designed by checkerboard method,and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics was determined by microdilution broth method,and the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index was calculated according to MIC results.Results The average value of MIC (MICG),MIC50,MIC90 of tigecycline and imipenem single were 1.73,1,4 μg·mL-1and 31.00,32,64 μg·mL-1.When tigecycline was combined with imipenem,MICG,MIC50,MIC90 of tigecycline and imipenem were 0.24,0.25,0.50 μg·mL-1 and 8.16,8.00,16.00 μg·mL-1,respectively.Compared with the drug single use groups,MIC was significandy decreased in the drug combination group.In 6 strains (37.50％),synergy effect (FIC≤0.5) was observed,and in 10 strains (62.50％),additive effect (0.5 ＜ FIC ≤ 1) was found.No negative and independent effects were shown.Conclusion Both additive and synergistic action is observed when tigecyclineis combined with imipenem against multi-drug resistant and pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates.No negative and independent effects are shown.This combination use against multi-drug resistant and pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii may be an effective therapy for clinical treatment.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of antidepressive drugs. METHODS:In retrospective study,the utilization of antidepressive drugs in 31 hospitals of Nanjing area during 2013-2015 was analyzed statistically in respects of consump-tion sum,DDDs,DDC,B/A,etc. RESULTS:There were a total of 20 kinds of antidepressive drugs in 31 hospitals of Nanjing ar-ea,and total consumption sum increased year by year,increasing from 76 085 200 yuan in 2013 to 100 812 500 yuan in 2015,in-creased by 17.43% compared to 2014 and by 12.83% compared to 2015. The top 4 drugs in the list of consumption sum and DDDs were paroxetine,escitalopram,sertraline and venlafaxine. The sum of their consumption sum accounted for more than 60% of total consumption sum. The consumption sum of plant antidepressive drugs increased rapidly. B/A and DDC of antidepressive drugs kept sta-ble each year compared to last year,among which DDC of doxepin,clomipramine and amitriptyline was less than 2 yuan,B/A val-ues of sertraline,fluvoxamine,flupentixol and melitracen,doxepin,clomipramine and amitriptyline were all more than 1.00. CON-CLUSIONS:Of antidepressive drugs in 31 hospitals of Nanjing area during 2013-2015,selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and se-lective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors took up dominant place,and plant antidepressive drugs is promising in the future.
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Objective Rab11 GTPases play an essential role in regulating membrane trafficking pathways in eukaryotic cells. Nonetheless, there has been little work done on characterizing the transport machinery of Trichomonas. The aim of this study is to clone and characterize a Rab11 gene of Trichomonas vaginalis.Methods A cDNA expression library was constructed with T. vaginalis total RNA. A cDNA clone, which showed a high degree of homology with Rab proteins of different species, was isolated and sequenced. Sequence analysis was performed using BLASTP, RPS-BLAST and ClustalW programs. The genomic DNA corresponding to the cDNA sequence was amplified using PCR techniques and following by sequencing. Results cDNA with a length of 710 base pairs and an open reading frame of 636 bp was obtained. The deduced amino acid sequence from the open reading frame was found to possess 211 residuals. Sequence analysis demonstrated that this cDNA clone was homologous to the Rab11 subfamily of different species (60% identity and 79% similarity with Arabidopsis thaliana Rab11c, 58% identity and 78% similarity with human Rab11b), and that the amino acid sequence contains all the well known conserved sequence elements of Rab family. Specific Rab motifs were also detected in the deduced amino acid sequence. Phylogenetic analysis showed that its closest homologues are Rab11 proteins from other species. Sequencing of the PCR product of genomic DNA revealed that the genomic DNA sequence encompassing the putative 5'-ATG and 3'-stop codon is identical to the cDNA sequence.Conclusion A cDNA clone corresponding to the T. vaginalis Rab11 gene was obtained.The function of this gene in regulating membrane trafficking pathways of the parasitic protist is still under investigation.