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ObjectiveAntibiotic resistance genes （ARGs） have received wide attention all over the world. The purpose of this study was to explore the bacterial community structure， the types and levels of antibiotic resistance genes in a water body in east China， and to compare and analyze the characteristics of microbial species distribution and antibiotic resistance gene distribution in various water environments. MethodsA total of 10 households in Haimen City， Jiangsu Province were selected and their surrounding water environment samples were collected. 21 water samples including river water （4）， Mingou water （9） and well water （8） were collected for metagenomics sequencing， assembled with MetaWRAP， annotated with CARD database， and analyzed with R software. ResultsIn various water bodies， the dominant bacteria phyla was Proteobacteria， the dominant bacteria genera were Deuterostomia， Pseudomonas， Flavobacteriales and Streptomycetaceae. The ARGs annotated were mainly composed of quinolones， aminoglycosides， macrolides and beta-lactams antibiotic resistance genes. The top four relative abundance of resistance genes were macB， RanA， evgS and TxR， The average absolute abundance and expression of resistance genes in well water and Mingou water were higher than those in river water. ConclusionMultiple ARGs are detected to varying degrees in well water， river water， and Mingou water bodies， and the expression of resistance genes in well water and Mingou water bodies is higher than that in river water bodies， possibly due to human production and living activities.
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ObjectiveTo discover and analyze single or several correlative key amino acid sites that influence the host tropism during the influenza A virus （IAV） infection based on complete internal protein gene segments of IAV strains， and to provide evidence for the study of human host-adaptive mutations of IAV. MethodsThe full-length nucleotide sequences of 43 671 IAV strains containing 6 complete internal gene segments were downloaded from the GISAID EpiFluTM database， and 698 human-tropic （HU） and 1 266 avian-tropic （AV） representative strains were included. The consensus coding sequences of the representative strains from the amphitropic category were compared by R script， and the differential amino acid sites and their polymorphisms were then obtained. The multi-site combination analysis of differential sites was conducted with R script. ResultsA total of 49 and 57 conserved differential sites were obtained from the consensus sequence comparison between AV and H1N1 （subtype from HU）， and comparison between AV and H3N2 （another subtype from HU）， separately. 79 and 65 multi-site combinations were found between HU and AV strains through 3 and 4 sites combination analysis， respectively， and a total of 11 conserved sites were involved： site 271 and 684 in PB2； site 336， 486， 581 and 621 in PB1； site 204 and 356 in PA； site 33， 305 and 357 in NP. No eligible differential sites were found in M1 and NS1. ConclusionSeveral conserved amino acid differential sites， between HU and AV strains of IAV， are found in PB2， PB1， PA and NP proteins. Instead of working as single units， these sites may have interactions， forming specific amino acid combinations that determine the host tropism of IAV collectively.
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Objective:To screen out the differentially regulated metabolites by the analysis of serum metabolic fingerprints, and to provide potential biomarkers for diagnosis of lung cancer.Methods:A total of 228 subjects were enrolled in Changhai Hospital from January 27, 2021 to June 4, 2021, including 97 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients and 131 healthy individuals. Serum samples were collected from the enrolled cohort according to a standard procedure, and the enrolled cohort was divided into a training set and a completely independent validation set by stratified random sampling. The metabolic fingerprints of serum samples were collected by previously developed nano-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (nano-LDI MS). After age and gender matching of the training set, a diagnostic model based on serum metabolic fingerprints was established by machine learning algorithm, and the classification performance of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:Serum metabolic fingerprint for each sample was obtained in 1 minute using a novel nano-LDI MS, with consumption of only 1 μl original serum sample. For the training set, the area under ROC curve (AUC) of the constructed classifier for diagnosis of lung cancer was 0.92 (95% CI 0.87-0.97), with a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 89%. For the independent validation set, the AUC reached 0.96 (95% CI 0.90-1.00) with a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 94%, which showed no significant decrease compared to training set. We also identified a biomarker panel of 5 metabolites, demonstrating a unique metabolic fingerprint of lung cancer patients. Conclusion:Serum metabolic fingerprints and machine learning were combined to establish a diagnostic model, which can be used to distinguish between lung cancer patients and healthy controls. This work sheds lights on the rapid metabolic analysis for clinical application towards in vitro diagnosis.
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Objective:To study the correlation of serum tenascin C (TNC) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) comorbid pulmonary hypertension (PH) in preterm infants.Methods:From January 2017 to June 2020, preterm infants (gestational age<32 weeks) diagnosed of severe BPD admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of our hospital were prospectively studied. Comorbidity of PH was evaluated using echocardiography and the infants were assigned into PH (+) group and PH (-) group. At the same time, serum TNC was examined and the correlation between serum TNC level and PH in infants with severe BPD was analyzed.Results:A total of 59 infants with severe BPD were enrolled, including 21 cases comorbid PH (35.6%). The serum TNC level in the PH (+) group was significantly higher than the PH (-) group [(123.7±41.1) ng/ml vs. (78.2±20.2) ng/ml, P<0.05]. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the serum TNC level and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) ( r=0.861, P<0.001).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of serum TNC predicting BPD comorbid PH was 0.884. The sensitivity and specificity of serum TNC predicting BPD comorbid PH were 84.0% and 76.9% with TNC≥87.7 ng/ml as the cut-off. Conclusions:Severe BPD comorbid PH is common. The serum TNC level in infants with severe BPD comorbid PH is increased and positively correlated with sPAP. The serum TNC level has certain clinical value in predicting and evaluating the severity of BPD comorbid PH.
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Objective To determine the current disinfection quality and understand existing problems in clinical institutions in Yangpu District， and provide scientific evidence for improving hospital infection control. Methods From 2018 to 2020， the specimens were collected from medical instruments， disinfectant in use， dialysis water in hemodialysis rooms， air， surface of objects， sterilization equipment， hands of medical staff， dental therapy water and sewage in clinical institutions in Yangpu District， and then examined for disinfection quality. Results A total of 1 420 samples were collected consecutively in 3 years， in which the total qualified rate was determined to be 88.52%. The qualified rates in secondary and tertiary hospitals， primary health centers， and private clinics were 94.86%， 90.22% and 75.74%， respectively， with a significant difference （χ2=95.01， P<0.01）. The qualified rates in sterilization equipment， air， and dialysis water were all 100.00%； in contrast， the rates in medical instruments， surface of objects， hands of medical staff， disinfectants in use， dental therapy water， and sewage were 98.28%， 97.63%， 95.05%， 93.39%， 54.71% and 50.00%， respectively. Conclusion Overall disinfection quality remains good in clinical institutions in Yangpu District of Shanghai， whereas the quality in private clinics is low. In addition， dental therapy water and hospital sewage might be susceptible to contamination， which warrants further improvement in the disinfection and monitoring.
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ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between snoring and hypertension in middle-aged and elderly residents in Yangpu District， Shanghai. MethodsThe data of this study were obtained from the project of “early screening and comprehensive intervention for high-risk of cardiovascular diseases” carried out by the National Cardiovascular Disease Center in Yangpu District in 2017. Questionnaire survey， physical examination and laboratory test were conducted among permanent residents aged 35‒75 years. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence of sleep snoring on hypertension. ResultsA total of 11 100 people with complete data were included in the analysis， The self-reported snoring rate of male was significantly higher than female （48.12% vs 36.21%， χ2=137.70， P<0.01）. The proportion of self-reported occasional snoring， frequent snoring and daily snoring were 14.67%（1 628/11 100）， 7.59%（843/11 100） and 17.50% （1 943/11 100）， respectively， and the prevalence of hypertension gradually increased with the increase of snoring frequency （≤60 years，male： χtrend2=51.83，P<0.01；female： χtrend2=95.01， P<0.01； >60 years， male： χtrend2=9.22， P<0.01； female： χtrend2=27.10， P<0.01）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in people aged ≤60 years， both men and women， snoring frequency was significantly associated with hypertension after adjusting for education， total family income， smoking， alcohol consumption， diabetes， body mass index （BMI） and waist circumference. In the males： occasional snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.95 （1.36，2.80）， frequent snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.55 （1.04，2.31）， daily snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.92 （1.43，2.59）. In the females： occasional snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.31 （1.08，1.59）， frequent snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.41 （1.07，1.88）， daily snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.63 （1.32，2.00）. But in people aged >60 years， the significant association between snoring frequencies and hypertension did not exist， after adjusting for education， total family income， smoking， alcohol consumption， diabetes， BMI and waist circumference. In the males： occasional snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.31 （0.97，1.78）， frequent snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.22 （0.87，1.73）， daily snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.19 （0.94，1.73）. In the females： occasional snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.06 （0.87，1.29）， frequent snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.30 （0.99，1.72）， daily snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.19 （0.97，1.46）. ConclusionIn people ≤60 years old， snoring is significantly associated with hypertension， so more attention should be paid to sleep snoring monitoring in middle-aged people for early detection of hypertension.
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Objective:To investigate characteristics of fever and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in inpatients with severe drug eruptions.Methods:A retrospective analysis was carried out on clinical data collected from 63 inpatients with severe drug eruptions from June 2007 to June 2020, and their characteristics of fever and DILI were investigated. Two-independent-sample t test or Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for intergroup comparison of measurement data, and intergroup comparison of enumeration data was performed using chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test. Results:Among the 63 patients with severe drug eruptions, 54 developed fever; low, moderate and high/ultra-high fever all occurred in about one third of the patients; of 17 patients with high/ultra-high fever, 16 sufferred from Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) , toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) or drug hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS) ; 45 had irregular fever; fever duration ranged from 1 to 14 days in 51 patients; there were no significant differences in the fever grade or duration among the patients with different clinical types of drug eruptions ( P = 0.303, 0.719, respectively) ; rashes occurred earlier than or at the same time as fever in 92.59% of the patients. DILI occurred in 11 patients, 8 of whom had hepatocellular injury at admission, including 5 with DHS, 2 with SJS and 1 with TEN; 6 patients were accompanied by low, moderate or high fever, with the fever duration being 7.33 ± 4.97 days, and they all had grade 1 liver injury; liver function retesting at discharge showed complete recovery in 5 patients, improvement in 1, as well as conversion from hepatocellular injury to mixed liver injury in 1, and 1 patient did not undergo the liver function retesting due to against-medical-advice discharge. The other 3 patients had cholestatic liver injury, all of whom were diagnosed with DHS and accompanied by high or ultra-high fever, wtih the fever duration being 8.33 ± 3.51 days, and 1 patient had grade 4 liver injury (acute liver failure) ; liver function was improved in all the 3 patients at discharge. Conclusions:Patients with severe drug eruptions are prone to be accompanied by various types of fever, irregular fever is more common, fever usually lasts 2 weeks, and rashes often occur earlier than or at the same time as fever. DILI can occur in patients with severe drug eruptions, and is usually accompanied by fever; hepatocellular injury is more common, and prone to be improved rapidly; cholestatic liver injury is characterized by severe clinical symptoms and a long disease course, and most frequently occurs in patients with DHS.
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Purpose@#This study aimed to utilize concept analysis to obtain a better understanding of the concept of “continuity of care” in chronic diseases. @*Methods@#The concept of continuity of care was analyzed using the Walker and Avant method. Covering literature in English from 1930 to 2018, the data sources included CINAHL Complete, Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE, PsyARTICLES, Health Source: Nursing/ Academic Edition, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library. @*Results@#A comprehensive definition of concept of continuity of care was developed based on a systematic search and synthesis. The key defining attributes were identified as (a) care over time, (b) the relationship between an individual patient and a care team, (c) information transfer, (d) coordination, and (e) meeting changing needs.The antecedents of continuity of care were having a chronic disease, inexperienced with disease management, a poorly coordinated healthcare system, and medical care limitations. The consequences of continuity of care were decreasing hospital admissions, reducing costs, reducing emergency room visits, improving the quality of life, improving patient satisfaction, and delivering good healthcare. @*Conclusion@#The thorough concept analysis provides insight into the nature of “continuity of care” in chronic diseases and also helps ground the concept in healthcare.
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Melanogenesis is a biosynthetic pathway to produce melanin pigment in melanocyte, involving a series of intricate enzymatic and chemical catalyzed reactions. Melanogenesis involves five signaling pathways that converge on microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. In addition, many cytokines, involved in the regulation of melanogenesis, play an important role in the development, proliferation, differentiation and migration of melanocytes. Polyoxometalate can be used as a potential inhibitor of melanin production. Hence, this paper reviews the signaling pathways of melanogenesis and their regulatory mechanism, to apply polyoxometalates in the melanin production pathway, and briefly introduces the regulatory factors of related pathways.
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Cell Differentiation , Melanins , Melanocytes , Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its correlation among adolescents aged 13-16 in Hanjiang district of Yangzhou city.@*Methods@#Five hundred and nine adolescents aged 13-16 years in Hangjiang district of Yangzhou city were recruited. Their fasting serum uric acid level were measured by Benecheck premium UA monitoring system. The demographic imformation, family history, eating and living habits of the respondents were collected by questionnaires.@*Results@#The average serum uric acid level of 509 adolescents in Hangjiang district of Yangzhou city was (374±98) μmol/L, and (420±103) μmol/L in males, higher than that of females [(329±70) μmol/L](t=11.69, P<0.05). The overall prevalence of HUA was 36.9%(188/509), and 43.2%(108/250) in males, higher than in females 30.8%(80/259)(χ2=4.16, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that male [OR=1.70, 95%CI(1.18, 2.45)], obese [OR=8.99, 95%CI(4.58, 17.63)], high-salt oily diet [OR=1.67, 95%CI(1.05, 2.61)], soy products [OR=2.66, 95%CI(1.45, 4.88)], animal offal [OR=7.81, 95%CI(3.42, 17.83)], seafood [OR=4.80, 95%CI(2.83, 8.12)], sugary drinks [OR=6.49, 95%CI(3.08, 13.64)] and time spent on electronic products [OR=1.98, 95%CI(1.07, 3.65)] might be risk factors for hyperuricemia (P<0.05), while fruit [OR=0.52, 95%CI(0.32, 0.85)] and outdoor activities [OR=0.55, 95%CI(0.33, 0.92)] might be protective factors for HUA (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#There is a high prevalence of hyperuricemia among adolescents aged 13-16 in Hangjiang district of Yangzhou city. The level of serum uric acid in adolescents significantly increased. Male, obesity, high salt and oily diets, soy products, animal offal, seafood, and sugary drinks may be risk factors for HUA. Fruits and outdoor activities may be protective factors for HUA. Relevant disciplines can take corresponding measures to prevent adolescent HUA.
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Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza and severe outcoming caused by influenza viruses.Health care workers(HCW) are exposed to patients with influenza and they are at high risk of occupationally acquired influenza and of causing nosocomial infection among patients,increasing the incidence rate,the risk of severe and death of patients.Improving the influenza immunization in HCW can not only reduce the prevalence of themselves and keep a weel-oiled of health care facilities during the influenza seasons,but also reduce the risk of severe and death among patients and increase the influenza vaccine uptake in whole population.At present,the influenza immunization coverage of HCW is low.The obstacles and myths of influenza vaccine are barriers for vaccine uptake among HCW.The various strategies are critical in order to improve the influenza coverage rates of HCW.
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Objective To express UL148 RNA of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) clinical strains in vitro and to study its functions. Methods Urine of a newborn with HCMV infection was inocula-ted into human embryo lung cells. HCMV clinical strain was isolated and identified by multiplex PCR. UL148 gene was amplified and cloned into pGEM-T-Easy plasmid after double enzyme digestion. A recombi-nant plasmid was constructed and located at the downstream of the T7 promoter. The recombinant plasmid was identified by electrophoresis of the recombinant plasmid,PCR product and double enzyme product. Se-quencing analysis was used for final confirmation. UL148 was transcribed into RNA by 32P labeling. Post-translational modification sites were analyzed by bioinformatics method based on UL148 sequence characteris-tics. Results The clinical strain of HCMV was obtained in vitro. Electrophoresis and sequencing analysis confirmed the successful construction of the recombinant plasmid. UL148 RNA was transcribed in vitro by T7RNA polymerase. Post-translational modification sites showed that UL148 gene contained one cell adhe-sion sequence, one legume lectins beta-chain signature, two N-myristoylation sites, one casein kinase Ⅱphosphorylation site,seven protein kinase C phosphorylation sitse, one cAMP/cGMP-dependent protein ki-nase phosphorylation site, two N-glycosylation sites and one transmembrane region. Conclusion UL148 gene might encode a viral adhesion molecule involving in the signal transduction in host cells.
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Objective To evaluate the prospective association between childhood abuse experiences and depressive symptoms in adolescence.Methods Students in grade 3 and 4'from three primary schools were selected,with informed consent,through convenience cluster sampling in Bengbu,Anhui province in May 2013.The students' body height,weight were assessed.Childhood abuse experiences including emotional,physical or sexual abuses,as well as depressive symptoms were reported by children themselves.Data on parental educational background and household economic status were collected through parent questionnaire.A follow up was conducted 4 years later after baseline survey.Depressive symptoms were evaluated by using Children's Depression Inventory at baseline survey,and by using Mood and Feeling Questionnaire at follow-up.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between childhood abuse experiences and depressive symptoms in adolescence.Results A total of 1 172 students were included in baseline survey,and a follow-up was conducted for 87.1％ of them (n=1 021).Among 1 126 students with complete information on childhood abuse experiences at baseline survey,the reported rates of physical,emotional and sexual abuses were 12.8％ (144/1 126),11.1％ (125/1 126) and 10.9％ (123/1 126),respectively.The prevalence of depressive symptoms at baseline survey and follow-up was 7.0％ (82/1 172) and 12.3％ (126/1 021),respectively.After adjusted for baseline depressive sympto ms,age at follow-up,sex,the only-child in family,household economic status,divorce of parents and BMI,childhood emotional and physical abuse experiences were significant risk factors for depressive symptoms in mid-adolescence,with the ORs were 1.86 (95％CI:1.03-3.36,P=0.039) and 2.37 (95％CI:1.39-4.03,P=0.001),respectively.Conclusion Childhood physical and emotional abuse might increase the risk of depressive symptoms in adolescence.
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Objective To explore the developmental characteristics of circadian rhythms in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during puberty.Methods A total of 1 070 students from Grade 2-3 in 3 primary schools in Ma'anshan city,Anhui province,were selected for physical examination and circadian rhythm of HPA axis checked from 2015 to 2017.Saliva samples were collected at each of the following three time points:immediately upon wakening,30 minutes after wakening and bedtime,with the index of circadian rhythm of HPA axis calculated,which including cortisol awake response (CAR),cortisol in puberty priming and diurnal cortisol slope (DCS).Testicular volume,palpation and visual inspection of breast development were used to assess the state of purbety development on boys and girls.Information on gender,date of birth,time to fall asleep,wake-up time and weekly physical activity were gathered through questionnaire survey.Nonparametric test was used to compare the differences of baseline,follow-up period and different adolescent developmental processes of each index on circadian rhythm of HPA axis.Results During the period of follow-up program and comparing with the continuous undeveloped group,CAR and the changes of CAR showed significantly increase,both in the puberty priming group and continuous development group,with statistically significant differences (CAR:Z=8.551,4.680,respectively;P＜0.01;the changes of CAR:Z=4.079,2.700,respectively,P＜0.01).There were no significant differences noticed in CAR and the changes of CAR between puberty priming group or continuous development group.The area under the curve (AUC) of cortisol in puberty priming group was slightly higher than that in the persistent undeveloped group (Z=2.591,P=0.010).Both the changes of daily cortisol slope (DCS) in puberty priming group and continuing developed group decreased significantly,when comparing with those in continuous undeveloped group (Z=2.450,Z=2.151;all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference noticed in the changes of cortisol in puberty priming and DCS between different puberty development stages (the changes ofAUC:x2=2.747,P=0.253;DCS:x2=4.554,P=0.032).Conclusions The indexes of circadian rhythm of HPA axis were associated with the development of puberty.Both the cortisol awakening response and the total amount of diurnal cortisol secretion showed an increase,along with the puberty development.The change of diurnal cortisol slope declined with the development of puberty.
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Objective To evaluate the prospective association between childhood abuse experiences and depressive symptoms in adolescence.Methods Students in grade 3 and 4'from three primary schools were selected,with informed consent,through convenience cluster sampling in Bengbu,Anhui province in May 2013.The students' body height,weight were assessed.Childhood abuse experiences including emotional,physical or sexual abuses,as well as depressive symptoms were reported by children themselves.Data on parental educational background and household economic status were collected through parent questionnaire.A follow up was conducted 4 years later after baseline survey.Depressive symptoms were evaluated by using Children's Depression Inventory at baseline survey,and by using Mood and Feeling Questionnaire at follow-up.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between childhood abuse experiences and depressive symptoms in adolescence.Results A total of 1 172 students were included in baseline survey,and a follow-up was conducted for 87.1％ of them (n=1 021).Among 1 126 students with complete information on childhood abuse experiences at baseline survey,the reported rates of physical,emotional and sexual abuses were 12.8％ (144/1 126),11.1％ (125/1 126) and 10.9％ (123/1 126),respectively.The prevalence of depressive symptoms at baseline survey and follow-up was 7.0％ (82/1 172) and 12.3％ (126/1 021),respectively.After adjusted for baseline depressive sympto ms,age at follow-up,sex,the only-child in family,household economic status,divorce of parents and BMI,childhood emotional and physical abuse experiences were significant risk factors for depressive symptoms in mid-adolescence,with the ORs were 1.86 (95％CI:1.03-3.36,P=0.039) and 2.37 (95％CI:1.39-4.03,P=0.001),respectively.Conclusion Childhood physical and emotional abuse might increase the risk of depressive symptoms in adolescence.
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Objective To explore the developmental characteristics of circadian rhythms in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during puberty.Methods A total of 1 070 students from Grade 2-3 in 3 primary schools in Ma'anshan city,Anhui province,were selected for physical examination and circadian rhythm of HPA axis checked from 2015 to 2017.Saliva samples were collected at each of the following three time points:immediately upon wakening,30 minutes after wakening and bedtime,with the index of circadian rhythm of HPA axis calculated,which including cortisol awake response (CAR),cortisol in puberty priming and diurnal cortisol slope (DCS).Testicular volume,palpation and visual inspection of breast development were used to assess the state of purbety development on boys and girls.Information on gender,date of birth,time to fall asleep,wake-up time and weekly physical activity were gathered through questionnaire survey.Nonparametric test was used to compare the differences of baseline,follow-up period and different adolescent developmental processes of each index on circadian rhythm of HPA axis.Results During the period of follow-up program and comparing with the continuous undeveloped group,CAR and the changes of CAR showed significantly increase,both in the puberty priming group and continuous development group,with statistically significant differences (CAR:Z=8.551,4.680,respectively;P＜0.01;the changes of CAR:Z=4.079,2.700,respectively,P＜0.01).There were no significant differences noticed in CAR and the changes of CAR between puberty priming group or continuous development group.The area under the curve (AUC) of cortisol in puberty priming group was slightly higher than that in the persistent undeveloped group (Z=2.591,P=0.010).Both the changes of daily cortisol slope (DCS) in puberty priming group and continuing developed group decreased significantly,when comparing with those in continuous undeveloped group (Z=2.450,Z=2.151;all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference noticed in the changes of cortisol in puberty priming and DCS between different puberty development stages (the changes ofAUC:x2=2.747,P=0.253;DCS:x2=4.554,P=0.032).Conclusions The indexes of circadian rhythm of HPA axis were associated with the development of puberty.Both the cortisol awakening response and the total amount of diurnal cortisol secretion showed an increase,along with the puberty development.The change of diurnal cortisol slope declined with the development of puberty.
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Objective@#To determine the possible relations between hair cortisol concentration (HCC) as a biomarker of chronic stress and childhood overweight and obesity.@*Methods@#Children from grade 1 to 3 from 2 primary schools in Bengbu were invited to participate in the study; and those who suffer from mental disorders, endocrine diseases and those who took hormone drugs were excluded. Parental questionnaire was implemented to collect information on physical activity, screen time, sleep duration, sugar-beverage consumption, as well as socio-economic status. Height and weight were examined. Eligible hair samples from 1 263 children (598 boys and 665 girls) were obtained, and the cortisol content was determined. Multivariate logistic regression model analysis was recruited to examine the association between HCC quartiles and overweight and obesity among boys and girls, respectively.@*Results@#HCC in P50 (P25-P75) among girls and boys was separately 11.86 (10.57-13.15) and 11.71 (10.54-13.09) µg/kg (Z=-0.886, P=0.376); HCC in P50 (P25-P75) among non-overweight, overweight and obesity boys was separately 11.62 (10.45-12.82), 12.24 (10.88-13.55) and 12.30 (10.99-13.53) µg/kg (χ2=8.24, P=0.016); HCC in P50 (P25-P75) among non-overweight, overweight and obesity girls was separately 11.35 (10.06-12.62), 12.07 (11.04-13.21) and 12.59 (11.12-13.63) µg/kg (χ2=36.16, P<0.001). After age, physical activity, screen time, sleep duration, sugared beverages and socio-economic status adjusted, compared with HCC in Q1 level, girls whose HCC in Q2, Q3 Q4 level had higher rates in overweight, with OR (95%CI) at 1.10 (1.04-3.32), 2.59 (1.51-4.45) and 3.16 (1.79-5.57), respectively. Girls with HCC in Q3 and Q4 level had higher rates in obesity, with OR (95%CI) at 2.22 (1.16-4.26) and 5.62 (3.04-10.41). Among boys, highest quartiles in HCC was risk factor for overweight, OR (95%CI) was 2.14 (1.18-3.90).@*Conclusion@#Hair cortisol had a significant relation with overweight and obesity in 6-9 years old childhood especially among girls.
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Objective@#To determine possible relations between early adiposity rebound and adolescent development.@*Methods@#Prospective children cohort from 2 kindergartens selected through clustering convenience sampling method in Anhui Province was established since Sep. 2010. Participants were classified as Cohort 1 (2010), Cohort 2 (2011) and Cohort 3 (2012) according to the recruiting year. Till Sep. 2015, a toal of 802 girls were included in this study, and received follow-up till primary school. During kindergarten period, physical examination was carried out every 3 months, 8 times in total. In primary school, physical examination was carried out annually; till Sep.2015, the cohort 1, 2, 3 took physical examination for 12, 11, 10 times, respectively. Information on household economic status and child physical activity was acquired through parents questionnaire survey, and breast development were assessed through visual inspection and palpation. Adiposity rebound was determined according to Rolland-Cachera's method for each girl. Differences between early adiposity rebound and normal adiposity rebound groups were compared by using t test and χ2 test. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to explore the association between early adiposity rebound and breast development.@*Results@#The average age of participants was (8.90±0.87) years old and the BMI was (17.48±2.70) kg/m2. The average age at adiposity rebound was (6.16±0.90) years old and the BMI was (15.33±1.82) kg/m2. Premature breast development was found significantly higher in girls in early adiposity rebound group (27.8%, 54/802) than it in normal adiposity rebound group (13.7%) (P<0.001). After current adiposity, age, household economic status, childhood physical activity adjusted, the OR of premature beast development in early adiposity rebound group was 2.41(95%CI: 1.41-4.12).@*Conclusion@#Early adiposity rebound increases the risk of premature puberty in girls.
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Objective@#To investigate the UL148 gene function of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) low passage clinic isolate and new strategies for anti-HCMV treatment, the DNA-based external guide sequences (EGSs) were designed to inhibit UL148 RNA expression.@*Methods@#UL148 RNA secondary structure was analyzed by RNA structure technique, an appropriate region was chosen for DNA-based EGS57 synthesis, targeted the UL148 RNA. The M1RNA and UL148 RNA were generated by PCR for transcription in vitro. The UL148 RNA and M1RNA were transcribed in vitro under the function of T7 RNA polymerase. The UL148 was labelled by 32P. The cleavage reactions were carried out by mixing up EGS, M1RNA with UL148 RNA for 1 h. The products were separated by urea denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and detected with Typhoon Phosphor Imager.@*Results@#UL148 RNA ranged from 58 to 72 sites was the binding position, and 57 was a cleavage site. EGS57 was designed and synthesized. EGS57 was combined with UL148 RNA to form the natural substrate of M1RNA. UL148 RNA and M1RNA were synthesized through T7 RNA polymerase catalyzing, and the products were conformed. After cleaving reactions, DNA-based EGS57 was shown to be able to cleave UL148 RNA efficiently in vitro by a complex with M1RNA.@*Conclusions@#UL148 RNA was cleaved efficiently by EGS57, and the cleaving site was conformed as expectation. It will provide the gene silent tool effectively for further study the function of UL148 gene.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the correlation factors of neonatal lenticulostriate vasculopathy. Method Four hundred and forty-seven newborns from Guangdong Women and Children Hospital were enrolled in this study. Clinical data of the newborns were obtained . Brain ultrasound studies of lenticulostriate artery were performed on the newborns. The logistic regression was performed for screening the correlation factors of neonatal lenticulostriate vasculopathy (P < 0.05). Results Results of the univariate logistic regression reveal the correlation factors tcontributing to LSV include congenital cytomegalovirus infection、neonatal asphyxia、congenital heart disease (CHD),hypertensive disorder in pregnancy (P < 0.05, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on these factors. The congenital cytomegalovirus infection, neonatal asphyxia, CHD,hypertensive disorder in pregnancy were significantly associated with LSV (P < 0.05). Conclusion The congenital cytomegalovirus infection,neonatal asphyxia,CHD,hypertensive disorder in pregnancy are the correlation factors of neonatal lenticulostriate vasculopathy. LSV could be a predictive marker for the future development of neuropsychiatric disorders. The brain ultrasound studies of lenticulostriate artery is suggested to be performed on all infants with the correlation factors.