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Rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) is a type of psychological visual stimulation experimental paradigm that requires participants to identify target stimuli presented continuously in a stream of stimuli composed of numbers, letters, words, images, and so on at the same spatial location, allowing them to discern a large amount of information in a short period of time. The RSVP-based brain-computer interface (BCI) can not only be widely used in scenarios such as assistive interaction and information reading, but also has the advantages of stability and high efficiency, which has become one of the common techniques for human-machine intelligence fusion. In recent years, brain-controlled spellers, image recognition and mind games are the most popular fields of RSVP-BCI research. Therefore, aiming to provide reference and new ideas for RSVP-BCI related research, this paper reviewed the paradigm design and system performance optimization of RSVP-BCI in these three fields. It also looks ahead to its potential applications in cutting-edge fields such as entertainment, clinical medicine, and special military operations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain-Computer Interfaces , Electroencephalography/methods , Brain/physiology , Artificial Intelligence , Photic Stimulation/methodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical features and SLC35A2 variant of a case of congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIm (CDG-IIm), and to identify the possible causes of the disease.@*METHODS@#Trio-whole exome sequencing (WES) was used to analyze the gene variant of the children and their parents. The suspicious gene variants were screened for Sanger verification and the bioinformatics prediction was used to analyze the hazard of variant.@*RESULTS@#The clinical manifestations of the child were epilepsy, global growth retardation, nystagmus, myocarditis and other symptoms. MRI showed brain dysplasia such as wide frontal temporal sulcus and subarachnoid space on both sides. Echocardiography showed left ventricular wall thickening and patent foramen ovale. According to the results of gene detection, there was a heterozygous missense variant c.335C>A (p.Thr112Lys) in SLC35A2 gene. The parents were wild-type at this locus, which was a de novo variant. At the same time, there was no report of this variant in the relevant literature, which was a novel variant in SLC35A2 gene. According to the genetic variant guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, SLC35A2 gene c.335C>A (p.Thr112Lys) variant was predicted to be likely pathogenic (PS2+PM2+PP3).@*CONCLUSION@#The variant of SLC35A2 gene c.335C>A(p.Thr112Lys) may be the cause of the disease in the child.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation/genetics , Glycosylation , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Monosaccharide Transport Proteins/genetics , Exome SequencingABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of "health education mobile classroom " in the outpatient department of children's hospital, and to analyze the needs of the outpatient and family members on health education. Methods Through the retrospective analysis of the information of the outpatient and emergency patients in the children's specialist hospital to determine the content, the venue and the time period of the "health education mobile classroom". Selection and training the health educator to implement the health education. At the same time, push the training content through the mobile APP to the patient's family, to expand the education audience. To compare and analyze the patient satisfaction of the hospital and the satisfaction with the dimensions of the project. In the evaluation of the effect of health education and the influencing factors, the relationship between income, occupation and children is positively related, and age is negatively related to it. Results After the implement of this project, the satisfaction of the patient had increased for 3.65%(P=0.001). Overall assessment of the audience was very satisfied with (3.94 ± 0.25) points. In each dimension analysis, the satisfaction of the "training method"was the highest, at (3.94 ± 0.26) points. Satisfied with the attitude of the trainers and comprehensive ability were more than 3.80 points. Conclusions The "health education mobile classroom" can improve patient satisfaction in the outpatient department and emergency of children's specialist hospital. Audience has a certain degree of acceptance and satisfaction with this health education mode.
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Objective To compare the sedation and anti-inflammatory effects of dexmedetomidine and midazolam on critical ill children with multiple trauma. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. Sixty-five critical ill children with multiple trauma admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Anhui Province Children's Hospital from January 2014 to September 2016 were enrolled, who were randomly divided into dexmedetomidine group (33 cases) and midazolam group (32 cases). Children of both groups received sufentanil for analgesia. Children in dexmedetomidine group firstly received 1.0 μg/kg intravenous bolus of dexmedetomidine for 10 minutes, then continuous infusion of 0.2-0.7 μg·kg-1·h-1, while in midazolam group children received 1-5 μg·kg-1·min-1 of midazolam in continuous infusion. The goal of sedation was to maintain a Richmond agitation-sedation scale (RASS) score of -1 to 0. The level of serum interleukin (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 24, 48, 72 hours after treatment, and the duration of mechanical ventilation, ratio of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), length of stay in the PICU, ratio of sepsis and multiple organ failure (MOF) and mortality were also recorded. Results Compared with midazolam, dexmedetomidine decreased the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines. At 24 hours after treatment, the levels of serum IL-1β, TNF-α significantly decreased and IL-10 significantly increased [IL-1β (ng/L):6.48±2.89 vs. 8.07±3.14, TNF-α (μg/L): 11.25±5.21 vs. 15.44±5.97, IL-10 (ng/L): 12.10±5.35 vs. 9.58±4.71, all P 0.05). Conclusion Compared with midazolam, dexmedetomidine had better efficacy in the treatment of severe multiple trauma in children and reduce the level of inflammation.
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Objective To evaluate the changes in the number and activities of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from peripheral blood in patients with primary Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS),and to explore the possible mechanisms of BCS.Methods Eighty-two patients with BCS and 20 healthy subjects used as controls were recruited for this study.The EPCs from peripheral blood were counted by flow cytometry for CD34,CDl33 and KDR for positivity.The peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and cultured for 7 days.Characterization of EPCs as adherent cells was done using double staining of FITC-UEA-1 and DiI-Ac-LDL binding.The proliferation,adhesion and migration activities were assayed by MTT chromatometry,adhesion activity assay and Transwell assay,respectively.Results EPCs (CD34+/CD133 +/KDR+) were depleted in the BCS patients as compared to the healthy controls [(0.020 ± 0.005) ％ vs (0.038 ± 0.007) ％].The proliferation activities (0.20 ± 0.04 vs 0.58 ± 0.07),adhesion activities (15.8 ± 1.6 vs 35.0 ± 2.5) and migration activities (16.1 ± 1.7 vs 23.9 ± 2.6) were significantly lower in the BCS group than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion EPCs from the peripheral blood in patients with BCS exhibited reduced numbers and impaired proliferation,adhesion and migration activity,which may be the key factors for vasculopathy formation in primary BCS patients.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the characteristics of the serious complications of 17 cases with measles in ICU.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Seventeen cases with measles with serious complications in ICU in Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital were recruited from May 2012 to May 2013. Clinical characteristics, image finding, and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively. IgM antibody was positive in all the 17 cases, which included 9 male cases, 8 female cases, and their age was from 2 months to 10 years.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>All the 17 patients received mechanical ventilation because of severe respiratory distress within 1 week of onset, of which 14 cases were complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (acute ARDS), 6 cases of tension pneumothorax, 3 cases were complicated with bronchitis, laryngeal obstruction III degrees, and totally 7 cases died. The survived 10 patients were followed up for 1 year, 1 patient with localized pneumothorax, bronchopleural fistula, 1 case of mild pulmonary fibrosis, 1 case of acute laryngitis with persistent hoarseness, and mild inspiratory dyspnea were found. The remaining 7 cases fully recovered. Fourteen cases failed to inoculate measles vaccine.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A higher risk of death and poor prognosis were found in children with measles who needed to be treated in PICU, especially for ARDS with pneumothorax. Laryngitis needed long time to cure and had weaning difficulties, and the case associated with pleural effusion or bronchopleural fistula must be treated with surgery, and the patients easily develop secondary bacterial infection.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Dyspnea , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Lung Diseases , Measles , Pleural Effusion , Prognosis , Pulmonary Fibrosis , Respiration, Artificial , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment management of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Data of the clinical diagnosis and treatment of a case with OTCD were analyzed, and the domestic and international literature was reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>(1) The case was a boy, 8 years old; and the initial symptoms were vomiting and reduced consciousness for a day after eating a lot of eggs as previous similar history. The level of blood ammonia was 2 500 µmol/L. The patient was treated with fasting, high-calorie fluid intravenous infusion, reducing blood ammonia. However, the disease further aggravated and the patient died due to brain hernia and central cardiovascular failure. Finally, he was confirmed as OTCD through urine testing by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, plasma amino acid examination (plasma arginine and citrullineurine reduced, orotic acid raised) and genetic testing (OTC c.386G>A p. (Arg129His)). (2) Data of 55 case reports about diagnosis and treatment outcome including 65 OTCD cases' clinical data in domestic and abroad reports in nearly 5 years. Their ages ranged from 3 days to 49 years; the common symptoms were vomiting and encephalopathy; both urine tests were positive in 52 cases; pathogenic genes had less repeated loci and located at Xp21.1 in 42 cases detected by OTC gene test; all of which had gene mutation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The acute onset OTCD begins with the symptoms of vomiting and unconsciousness, with rapid rise of blood ammonia level. OTCD may cause high mortality.</p>
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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of necrotizing fasciitis (NF).Methods The authors reviewed and analyzed clinical manifestations,auxiliary examinations,treatments and prognoses of 14 patients who had been diagnosed with NF and hospitalized in the Children's Hospital of Anhui province between Jan 2007 and Sep 2013.Results Among the patients included in this study,eight cases were male and six cases were female.The average age was (15.86 ± 10.48) month,The time of abnormal temperature was (10.64 ± 5.64) d,hospital day was (29.07 ± 16.30) d,numbers of debridements were (3.07 ± 1.33) times.All patients had septic shock in which 5 cases had multiple organ failure.Diseases were found on hips (5 cases),lower limbs (4 cases),back (2 cases),perineum (2 cases),and neck (1 case).Blood culture showed staphylococcus aureus in six cases (1 case of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus),pseudomonas aeruginosa in four cases and angina group of streptococcus pneumoniae in one case.No obvious bacteria growth was observed in three cases.CT examinations reflected subcutaneous gas formation in 11 cases but skin and subcutaneous tissue edema and fascial thickening in all cases.All cases of NF were further confirmed with soft tissue biopsies.Early symptoms resembled those of cellulitis.As the diseases progressed,other symptoms appeared such as skin ulceration,bullae formation and gas formation in the tissues.All patients were treated with surgical debridements (vacuum sealing drainage continuous drainage in 5 cases),appropriate antibiotic coverage and colloid supporting treatments.Seven patients were healed (50.00％,7/14),four had skin grafts (28.57％,4/14) and 3 died(21.43％,3/14).Six cases were found having limited physical activities in two year follow-up visits.Conclusion NF is a rare but potentially fatal disease.It is commonly found on the perineum,abdominal wall and extremities.NF can easily lead to septic shock and multiple organ failure.Early detection,surgical debridement and proper drainage along with appropriate antibiotic coverage can decrease mortality rates.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment of negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) with upper airway obstruction (UAO) in children.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Data of 3 cases with NPPE and UAO in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) from Mar, 2007 to May, 2013 were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>(1) Two cases were male and 1 was female with age respectively 6, 16 and 30 months.One had airway foreign body , 1 laryngitis , and 1 retropharyngeal abscess. The onset of NPPE varied from 5 to 40 minutes following relief of obstruction. (2) NPPE presented with acute respiratory distress with signs of tachypnea, tachycardia, 2 of the 3 with pink frothy pulmonary secretions, progressively decreased oxygen saturation, rales on chest auscultation and wheezing. (3) NPPE chest radiograph showed diffuse interstitial and alveolar infiltrates, images confirmed pulmonary edema. (4) All these patients received these therapeutic measures including mechanical ventilation, retaining high PEEP, diuretics, limiting the fluid input volume to 80-90 ml/ (kg×d) on the basis of circulation stability. The rales on chest auscultation disappeared after 10, 6, 12 hours. The ventilators of 2 patients were removed within 24 hours, in another case it was removed 50 hours later because of secondary infection. All patients were cured and discharged without complication.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NPPE progresses very fast, characterized by rapid onset of symptoms of respiratory distress after UAO, with pulmonary edema on chest radiograph. The symptoms resolve rapidly if early support of breath and diuretics are applied properly.</p>