ABSTRACT
Objective To study the current situation of chronic diseases among island residents who have drunken desalinated water for a long time， and to reveal the relationship between drinking desalinated water and water from other sources and the prevalence of chronic diseases among the population. Methods According to the different drinking water sources of island residents， the research subjects were divided into seawater desalination group （residents of Gouqi Township， Shengsi County）， mixed water source group （residents of Shengshan Town， Shengsi County） and freshwater group （residents of Huanglong Township， Shengsi County）. Through the chronic disease network report and resident health file system， the current situation of chronic diseases in different water groups was investigated and analyzed. Results There were significant differences in the prevalence of malignant tumor among drinking water sources （ χ 2=23.867， P <0.001）， with the prevalence of mixed water group >desalination group >fresh water group. There were significant differences in the prevalence of coronary heart disease （ χ 2=194.883， P <0.001）， with the prevalence of mixed water group >desalination group >fresh water group. There were significant differences in the prevalence of stroke （ χ 2=35.637， P <0.001）， with the prevalence of fresh water group > mixed water group > desalination group. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus （ χ 2=2.808， P =0.246）， but there was significant difference in the age of onset of diabetes mellitus （ χ 2=7.368， P =0.001）， and significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the age group ≥55 （ χ 2=17.144， P <0.001）， and the onset age and prevalence were all in the order of fresh water group > desalination group > mixed water source group. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension （ χ 2=3.962， P =0.138）， but there was significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension in the age group ≥55 （ χ 2=20.734， P <0.001）， with the prevalence of fresh water group > desalination group > mixed water source group. Conclusion Long-term consumption of desalinated water by residents is correlated with malignant tumors， coronary heart disease and stroke， and has no correlation with diabetes and hypertension.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the current situation of chronic diseases among island residents who have drunken desalinated water for a long time， and to reveal the relationship between drinking desalinated water and water from other sources and the prevalence of chronic diseases among the population. Methods According to the different drinking water sources of island residents， the research subjects were divided into seawater desalination group （residents of Gouqi Township， Shengsi County）， mixed water source group （residents of Shengshan Town， Shengsi County） and freshwater group （residents of Huanglong Township， Shengsi County）. Through the chronic disease network report and resident health file system， the current situation of chronic diseases in different water groups was investigated and analyzed. Results There were significant differences in the prevalence of malignant tumor among drinking water sources （ χ 2=23.867， P <0.001）， with the prevalence of mixed water group >desalination group >fresh water group. There were significant differences in the prevalence of coronary heart disease （ χ 2=194.883， P <0.001）， with the prevalence of mixed water group >desalination group >fresh water group. There were significant differences in the prevalence of stroke （ χ 2=35.637， P <0.001）， with the prevalence of fresh water group > mixed water group > desalination group. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus （ χ 2=2.808， P =0.246）， but there was significant difference in the age of onset of diabetes mellitus （ χ 2=7.368， P =0.001）， and significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the age group ≥55 （ χ 2=17.144， P <0.001）， and the onset age and prevalence were all in the order of fresh water group > desalination group > mixed water source group. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension （ χ 2=3.962， P =0.138）， but there was significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension in the age group ≥55 （ χ 2=20.734， P <0.001）， with the prevalence of fresh water group > desalination group > mixed water source group. Conclusion Long-term consumption of desalinated water by residents is correlated with malignant tumors， coronary heart disease and stroke， and has no correlation with diabetes and hypertension.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To understand the concentrations and source of SO42-,NO3-,Cl- and NH4+ in atmospheric PM2.5 in Zhoushan,and to provide reference for controlling PM2.5 and formulating effective environmental protection measures.@*Methods@#Monitoring sites in new districts of Zhoushan were set up to continuously collect PM2.5 from 10th to 16th of each month and under the hazy weather during 2015-2016（AQI > 200）. The mass concentration of PM2.5 was measured by weighing method,and the concentrations of SO42-,NO3-,Cl- and NH4+ in PM2.5 components was detected by ion chromatography. @*Results@#The average daily concentration of PM2.5 in Zhoushan from 2015 to 2016 was（40.91±27.39）μg/m3. The concentration of the four water-soluble non-metal ions in PM2.5 components was 3.56-103.03 μg/m3,with an average of（23.06±20.00）μg/m3,accounting for about 56.64% of PM2.5 contents. The average monthly concentration of SO42- was the highest[（10.35±6.48）μg/m3],while the average monthly concentration of Cl- was the lowest [（0.49±0.73）μg/m3]. The concentration of the four ions was the highest in winter[（37.56±27.74）μg/m3]and the lowest in summer[（12.32±5.88）μg/m3]. The differences between different seasons was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The highest concentration of NO3- occurred in winter,which was（14.48±13.28）μg/m3. The concentration ratio of NO3- to SO42- ranged from 0 to 2.58,with an average of 0.55. There were 28 days（14.74%）with the ratio greater than one,22 days of which was in winter.@*Conclusion@#The concentration of SO42- was the highest and Cl- was the lowest in atmospheric PM2.5 in Zhoushan. The highest concentration of the four ions occurred in winter. The concentration of NO3- in winter was higher than that of SO42-,suggesting that motor vehicle exhaust might be the main source of PM2.5 in winter.
ABSTRACT
Objective @#To explore the correlation between air pollution and outpatient visits,and to provide evidence for health risk assessment of air pollutants and intervention. @*Methods @#The data of air pollutants and outpatient visits in 2016 in Zhoushan Hospital were collected,and the outpatient volume on the days when the concentration of air pollutants reached and exceeded the standard were compared. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between outpatient volume and the concentration of air pollutants. @*Results @#In 2016,the median（inter-quartile range）of daily outpatient volume in Zhoushan Hospital was 3 304（1 638）person-times. O3,PM2.5 and PM10 were the primary air pollutants in Zhoushan in 2016. The average daily outpatient volume of internal medicine,circulatory system,other diseases and all when the air was polluted at light level or above were higher than those when the air quality was good（P< 0.05）. CO concentration was positively correlated with the average daily outpatient volume of respiratory system and circulatory system（P< 0.05）,was negatively correlated with the average daily outpatient volume of all（P< 0.05）. O3-8 h concentration was positively correlated with the average daily outpatient volume of internal medicine,other diseases and all（P< 0.05）,and was negatively correlated with the average daily outpatient volume of respiratory system and pediatrics（P< 0.05）. SO2 concentration was negatively correlated with the average daily outpatient volume of respiratory system,skin and subcutaneous tissue（P< 0.05）. The concentration of NO2,PM10 and PM2.5 were positively correlated with the average daily outpatient volume of respiratory system and pediatrics（P< 0.05）. @*Conclusion @#The main air pollutants in Zhoushan were O3,PM2.5 and PM10. When they exceed the limits,the outpatient volume would increase.