ABSTRACT
Objective@#To examine the association of sedentary behaviors with visual acuity among primary school children, and to provide a reference basis for the prevention and control of poor vision.@*Methods@#Using stratified random cluster sampling method, a total of 4 969 students in grade 1-4 were selected from 5 primary schools in Guangzhou in 2017, and then were followed up in 2019. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data on children s sedentary behaviors, including doing homework, watching TV, playing computer/video games, and taking the bus/car between home and school. Visual acuity was measured in the baseline and the follow up using a 5 m standard logarithmic visual acuity chart. Multiple linear regression and Logistic regression were conducted to analyze the relationship between sedentary behaviors and visual changes.@*Results@#The two year cumulative incidence of poor vision was 48.74%. Homework time was inversely associated with visual acuity of left eye( β=-0.012, 95%CI =-0.023- -0.002 ). Homework time was positively correlated with poor vision( OR =1.16, 95% CI =1.05-1.27). However, total sedentary time, screen time and bus/car time were not statistically associated with changes in visual acuity( P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#Increased homework time was associated with poorer vision in primary school students. Interventions to reduce the academic burden should be taken.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the associations of reallocating sedentary time to different activity behaviors with body composition, and to provide a reference for prevention and control of childhood obesity.@*Methods@#By using cluster random sampling, 1 621 students from 5 urban primary school in Guangzhou were selected in 2017. Vigorous intensity physical activity (VPA), moderate intensity physical activity (MPA), walking, sedentary behavior, and sleeping were measured by self-reported questionnaire. Inbody 230 was used to assess body composition. Multiple linear regression models were applied to examine isotemporal substitution effect of activity behaviors.@*Results@#In younger children group (aged 6-9 years), replacing 30 min/day sedentary with VPA was associated with a 0.9% lower fat-free mass index(FFMI)(β=0.11, P=0.00). In older children group (aged 10-12 years), replacing 30 min/day sedentary with VPA was associated with a 1.0% lower FFMI(β=0.13, P=0.04); replacing 30 min/day sedentary to walking was associated with both a 2.9% lower percentage of body fat(PBF)(β=-0.65, P<0.01) and a 4.0% lower fat mass index(FMI)(β=-0.18, P=0.00).@*Conclusion@#Replacing sedentary with other intensities of physical activity is crucial for improving fatness status among children aged 6 to 12 years, especially among children aged 10 to 12 years. This current study suggests that children should increase physical activity while reducing sedentary for reducing risk of childhood obesity.
ABSTRACT
By adopting induction - electricity threshold of brain stem, counting of hairy cells in cochlear membrane, and electromicroscopic exam of ultra microscopic sturcture before and after the administration of the drug, it was shown that kidney tonics can protect the hairy cells, effectively resist the increased of hearing threshold caused by gentamycin, demonstrating that such kidney tonics can protect the cochlear structure and function, minimize the oto - toxicity of gentamycin.