ABSTRACT
Recent studies have found that the brain-gut-microbiome axis(BGMA)is closely related to the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease(AD). BGMA can affect AD in various aspects such as neuro-immune regulation and intestinal microflora, and is a potential new target for the treatment of AD.The "Sanjiao" acupuncture method is proposed by professor Han Jingxian, a famous Chinese medicine practitioner, based on his theory of "dysfunction of Qi activity of Sanjiao leads to aging" , and has been widely used in the treatment of AD and other age-related diseases in clinical practice.This article reviews the theory of "dysfunction of Qi activity of Sanjiao leads to aging" and the relationship between the "Sanjiao" acupuncture method and BGMA, with the hope that the "San Jiao" acupuncture method can become a new target for treatment of AD in the future.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To assess the association of CYP2C19 and CYP3A5 gene polymorphisms with the risk of myocardial infarction.@*METHODS@#Five hundred patients with myocardial infarction and 500 healthy controls were randomly selected. Fluorescent PCR and Sanger sequencing were used to detect the CYP2C19 and CYP3A5 gene polymorphisms. Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between the polymorphisms and myocardial infarction. Quanto software was used to evaluate the statistical power.@*RESULTS@#The two groups had significant difference in the frequency of AG, GG genotypes and A allele of the CYP2C19 gene rs4986893 locus and the AA, AG, GG genotypes and G allele of the CYP3A5 gene rs776746 locus ( P<0.05), but not in the frequency of genotypes and alleles of CYP2C19 gene rs4244285 and rs12248560 loci, and the AA genotype of the rs4986893 locus. After correction for age, gender, and body mass index, Logistic regression indicated that the AG genotype and A allele of the CYP2C19 gene rs4986893 locus, and the GG genotype and G allele of CYP3A5 gene rs776746 locus are associated with susceptibility of myocardial infarction, while rs4986893 GG genotype and AA and AG genotypes of rs776746 may confer a protective effect. Based on the sample size and allele frequency, analysis with Quanto software suggested that the result of this study has a statistical power of 99%.@*CONCLUSION@#CYP2C19 and CYP3A5 gene polymorphisms may increase the risk for myocardial infarction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19/genetics , Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A/genetics , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Myocardial Infarction/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideABSTRACT
Objective To analyze and investigate the correlation between the CYP2C19 gene polymorphism and clopidogrel cura-tive effect in the patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) to provide valuable reference information for the future clinical work. Methods A total of 128 cases of CHD undergoing PCI in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2016 were selected as the re-search subjects.All of them were treated with clopidogrel ,the loading dose was 300mg ,and the maintenance dose was 75mg.The subjects were divided into the clopidogrel resistance group and response group.The drug-metabolizing CYP2C19 genotype was com-pared between the two groups and the effect of CYP2C19 genotype on the clopidogrel response was observed.Results Among the subjects ,27 cases were clopidogrel resistance.A total of 16 cases of CYP2C19 slow metabolic gene carriers were detected.There was statistically significant difference between the patients with chronic metabolic genotype VASP-PRI with fast metabolic geno-type and intermediate metabolic genotype(P<0.05).The incidence rate of adverse end point events had statistical difference be-tween the clopidogrel resistance group and clopidogrel response group(P<0.05).Conclusion In the risk factors of clopidogrel re-sistance ,slow metabolism CYP2C19 genotype and clopidogrel resistance will increase the risk of clinical adverse endpoint events oc-currence ,clinic should give adequate attention.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the cumulative analgesic effects of electroacupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP6), Xuanzhong (GB39) and non-acupoint in treating primary dysmenorrhea. Method By adopting a multi-centered randomized controlled study method, 501 patients recruited from Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Capital Medical University, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huguosi Hospital of Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and the Outpatient of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were randomized into a Sanyinjiao group, a Xuanzhong group, and a non-acupoint group, 167 subjects in each group. The electroacupuncture intervention was applied when dysmenorrhea flared up and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ≥40 mm, with frequency at 2/100 Hz and intensity during patient’s endurance, 30 min each time, once a day, and for successive 3 d. Before the first treatment, 30 min after the first treatment, and respectively prior to the second and third treatment, VAS was used to measure the pain intensity. Meanwhile, the Retrospective Symptom Scale (RSS-COX 2) was investigated before the first treatment, right after the removal of needles for the first treatment, before the second and third treatment. Result The decrease of VAS in Sanyinjiao group was more significant than that in Xuanzhong group and non-acupoint group (MD=﹣2.92 mm, P=0.028; MD=﹣3.47 mm, P=0.009), while there was no significant difference between Xuanzhong group and non-acupoint group (MD=﹣0.56 mm, P=0.674); there were no significant differences in comparing the RSS-COX2 total score among the three groups (P=0.086). Conclusion Sanyinjiao (SP6) can produce a more significant cumulative analgesic effect for primary dysmenorrhea patient than Xuanzhong and non-acupoint, and the effects of Xuanzhong and non-acupoit are equivalent.
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed to explore the clinical effect of San-Jiao (SJ) acupuncture combined with Chinese medicine and Cisapride tablets in the treatment of senile constipation. A total of 118 patients were selected according to the inclusion criteria. According to the visiting sequence, patients were randomly divided into the acupuncture with Chinese medicine group of 60 cases and drug group of 58 cases. In the acupuncture with Chinese medicine group, SJ acupuncture was combined with Huang-Di (HD) powder in the treatment. In the drug group, Cisapride tablets were applied. Both groups were treated for 20 times. The scale was used in the comprehensive evaluation of integral effect evaluation of main symptoms, psychological evaluation before and after the treatment. The results showed that there was significant difference on the integral before and after treatment in both groups (P< 0.01). The posttreatment integral showed that the acupuncture with Chinese medicine group was better than the drug group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference on total effective rate between two groups. However, comparison on good improvement rate showed that the acupuncture with Chinese medicine group was better than the drug group (χ2 =28.25, P < 0.01). It was concluded that the acupuncture with Chinese medicine group had better effect on the im-provement of clinical symptom integral, psychological integral, and comprehensive effect evaluation. SJ acupuncture combined with HD powder was a safe treatment method with good effect.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the expression of early growth response gene-1 (EGR-1) in T cells that were positive for Tax protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and its possible reg-ulatory mechanism .Methods A series of expression structures carrying the regulatory elements of EGR-1 in different length and luciferase reporter genes were constructed .TaxP cells were transfected with the con-structs containing reporter genes and cultured with 5μmol/L of NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 or equal vol-ume of DMSO.After cultured for 24 hours the cells were collected to test the luciferase activity .BAY 11-7082 or equal volume of DMSO was added into the supernatant of TaxP cell culture to test the expression of EGR-1 protein by Western blot after 24 hours of culture .Tax and its mutants M22 and M47 were transfected into 293 T cells respectively to test the expression of EGR-1 protein by Western blot after 24 hours of culture . Results The expression structures carrying the regulatory elements of EGR-1 in different length and their mutants followed by luciferase reporter genes were successfully constructed .The luciferase activity in the cells transfected with the constructs containing the elements E 1 and E2 were higher than that transfected with E3, DelE and MutE, but the reporter gene expressions were decreased with the interference of BAY 11-7082 (P<0.01).However, there were no significant changes with the luciferase activity in the cells transfected by elements E3, DelE and MutE.Western blot analysis indicated that the expression of EGR-1 protein was significantly decreased with the interference of BAY 10-7082 .The expression of EGR-1 protein in M22 mu-tants-transfected 293 T cells were decreased significantly in comparison with those by wild type tax-and M47-transfected cells .Conclusion NF-κB was the key nuclear factor in regulating the expression of EGR-1 pro-tein in Tax-positive T cells .
ABSTRACT
Objective To verify the validity of the sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation method for lipid rafts from cerebral cortex. Methods Extract lipid rafts from cerebral cortex in mouse were extracted by the sucrose density gradi-ent ultracentrifugation method. The properties of lipid rafts were detected by Western blotting method, double enzyme and light scattering methods. HPLC MS/MS proteomics and bioinformatics were used to locate proteins of lipid rafts in cells. Re-sults Lipid rafts from cerebral cortex were provided with the model properties of lipid rafts such as high light scattering and cholesterol and high expression of Flotillin-1. HPLC MS/MS proteomics identified total 647 proteins. Most of these pro-teins were from plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoskeleton and cytosol, however, there were 21% proteins among total 647 proteins were from nucleus, mitochondria and ribosomes. Conclusion The sucrose density gradient ultra-centrifugation method is a effective method to extract lipid rafts from cerebral cortex, however, the properties of mixture should be considered.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the influence of extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) on viral replication in HTLV-1 infected T cells.Methods HMGB1 in culture supernatants of adult T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1) virus-negative cell:Jurkat,MOLT4 cells and HTLV-1 virus-positive cells:MT2,MT4,was detected by ELISA;The HTLV-1 long terminal repeat reporter gene (pHTLV-1-LTR-luc) was transfected into MT2 cells by Tfx-50-mediated transfection,and 0.25,0.50,0.75 μg/ml of HMGB1 polyclonal antibody(HMGB1 PcAb) and its isotype control rabbit IgG antibodies,0.03,0.1,0.3 μg/ml rhHMGB1 and its control PBS,were added into culture supernatant respectively,then luciferase activity was detected after 48 h;Similarly,0.25 μg/ml HMGB1 PcAb and the isotype control antibody,0.3 μg/ml rhH-MGB1 and the control PBS were added to the culture supernatant of MT2 cell,the viral gene,pol1,pol2,gag,env,etc,were performed by real-time PCR.Results Culture supernatant HMGB1 levels has no significant difference between HTLV-1 positive cells MT2 and MT4 and the other two virus-negative T cell lines;Compared with isotype control antibody group,the culture supernatant,to which is added 0.25 μg/ml HMGB1 PcAb,can significantly inhibit the HTLV-1-LTR transcriptional activity and suppress the expressions of the viral gene pol1,pol2,gag,env.Compared with the control PBS,0.3 μg/ml rhHMGB1 significantly promotes the transcriptional activity of the HTLV-1-LTR and the expressions of the viral gene pol1,pol2,gag,env.Conclusion The extracellular HMGB1 can promote viral replication of HTLV-1 infected T cells.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To discuss the action mechanisms of Takayasus arteritis (brachiocephalic artery type) of acupuncture. Methods: We applied acupuncture therapy with the principle of warming Yang and supplementing Qi, removing obstruction in the meridians and recovering pulse, to treat patients with takayasus arteritis (brachiocephalic artery type). Before and after treatment, we detected the TCD (Transcranial Doppler) changes of the average velocity of blood flow (AVBF) and arterial pulsatility index (PI) of related arteris. Results: After treatment,acupuncture and moxibustion can regulate the abnormal blood flow rate in endocranial correlated arteries by two sides, in the AVBF while, elevate the elasticity of endocranial vessels.Conclusion: Acupuncture and moxibustion can regulate cerebrovascular function of patients with takayasus arteritis (brachiocephalic artery type), increase the perfusion of cerebral blood flow, and adjust abnormal state of endocranial hemodynamics. This is possibly the important action mechanisms acupuncture in treating this disorder.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the mechanisms of acupuncture in improving osteoporosis. Methods: In this study, the expression of OPG and BMP-2 proteins of femur in SAMP6 control group, SAMP6 acupuncture group, SAMP6 sham-acupuncture group and SAMR1 control group were determined by Western Blot technique. Results: Compared with SAMR1 control group, the expression of OPG and BMP-2 proteins of the femur in SAMP6 control mice decreased obviously. Acupuncture could stimulate the expression of OPG and BMP-2 and no differences were detected between the SAMR1 control group and SAMP6 acupuncture group. Conclusion: Osteoporosis observed in SAMP6 was correlated with low expression of OPG and BMP-2. After acupuncture treatment, both of them showed increased expression, it suggested that the curative effects of acupuncture on osteoporosis were partly due to stimulating skeleton formation, inducing the production of some local factors of bone metabolism and decreasing the bone turnover rate.
ABSTRACT
By adopting scoring method on the degree of senilization and methods of high cross frame labyrinthine experiment and shuttle box on the basis of systematic observation on behavior characteristics of rapid senilized dementia in SAM - P/8 model, the effect of acupuncture method for wakening the consciousness and opening of orifices was observed. Results showed SAM -P/8 revealed apparent senilized characteristics of brain, being in a low intelligent condition, which is a rather ideal model for the study of natural damentia in the elderly. The acupuncture methods revealed an action of delaying senility process, improving the condition of frightening and increasing the ability of learning and memory.