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Inflammatory response is an effective host defense mechanism to eliminate pathogens at the site of infection. The regression phase of inflammation mainly maintains the stable environment in tissues. Pro-inflammatory regression mediators (SPMs) are endogenous anti-inflammatory molecules, which play an important role in reducing excessive tissue damage and chronic inflammation. This paper reviews the interaction between SPMs and immune cells in inflammatory sites. By reviewing the relevant literature, it was found that SPMs regulate the components of innate and adaptive immune system, including neutrophils, macrophages, innate lymphocytes, natural killer cells and T cells.
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Objective To explore the effect of Protectin DX(PDX) on acute liver injury(ALI) induced by sepsis in mice and the underlying mechanism. Methods Mice received cecum ligation and puncture(CLP) to induce sepsis-associated acute liver injury. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly (random number) divided into 3 groups (n=10 each group): (1) sham group (S group), (2) CLP group and (3) CLP +PDX group (PDX group ). Mice in the PDX group were received PDX 1 μg (intraperitoneal injection). One hour after CLP operation, mice in the S and CLP groups were received equal amounts of saline. The serum and liver tissues were collected at 24 h after CLP. The histological changes of the liver were observed by HE staining. The ALT and AST levels in the serum were assessed by using the automatic biochemical analyzer. The levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-10) in the serum were quantified by ELISA. MPO activity in the liver tissues were assessed. Western blot was used to detect the expression of pNF-kB p65 and NF-kB p65 in liver tissues. Results Compared with the S group, HE staining in the CLP group showed disordered hepatic cords, hepatocyte swelling and necrosis, infiltrations of inflammatory cells, congestion and bleeding, and the score of liver injury was increased significantly (P<0.05). Levels of ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-10 were increased in the CLP group (P<0.05). The activities of NF-κB and MPO in the liver tissues were obviously enhanced (P<0.05). The levels of liver injury, cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ), MPO and activities of NF-κB in the CLP+PDX group were significantly decreased when compared with those in the CLP group (P<0.05),while the concentration of IL-10 was significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusions PDX can alleviate sepsis-induced acute liver injury through inhibiting NF-KB activity in the liver tissues.
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BACKGROUND: Posterior internal fixation and fusion system is a main method for chronic back pain caused by intervertebral disc degeneration, but more postoperative adverse reactions occur. Dynamic stabilization system can reduce adjacent-segment degeneration, and theoretically, repair intervertebral disc degeneration.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of K-rod dynamic stabilization system in the repair of lumbar degenerative diseases.METHODS/DESIGN: We conducted a prospective, single-center, self-controlled, clinical trial at the Orthopedic Hospital of Shenyang, China. Sixty-seven patients with lumbar degenerative diseases were enrolled, and treated with K-rod dynamic stabilization system. All patients were followed for 2 years. The primary outcome was the changes in the Oswestry dysfunction index scores at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. The secondary outcomes were the ratio of height vertebral space to body and lumbar lordotic angle at baseline, 3, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively; the visual analogue scale scores for back pain and morphological changes in the lumbar vertebrae on x-ray preoperatively and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery; the incidence of adverse reactions at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively.This trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT03214042). The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Orthopedic Hospital of Shenyang. All protocols will be performed in accordance with the Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects in the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was provided by each patient after they indicated that they fully understood the treatment plan.DISCUSSION: This trial was designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of K-rod dynamic stabilization system for lumbar degenerative diseases, thus providing reference for its clinical application. Partial results demonstrated that the Oswestry Dysfunction Index and Visual Analogue Scale scores at 24 months postoperatively were significantly improved (P 0.01). These results suggest that K-rod dynamic stabilization system can alleviate pain and improve lumbar function in the patients with lumbar degenerative diseases.
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OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of iguratimod combined with methotrexate and diacerein respectively on relat-ed indexes of refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RRA). METHODS:98 RRA patients were randomly divided into control group (48 cases)and observation group(50 cases). Control group received Iguratimod tablet 25 mg,twice a day+Methotrexate tablet with ini-tial dose of 10 mg,once a week,increased to 12.5 mg after 2 weeks,increased to 15 mg in the second courses,once a week. Ob-servation group received Iguratimod tablet(the same dosage and usage with control group)+Diacerein granule 50 mg,twice a day. 4-week was a course,they were treated for 6 courses. Morning stiffness time,the numbers of 28 joints tenderness and swelling,28 joint disease activity score (DAS28),erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),rheumatoid factor (RF),IL-1,vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,C-reaction protein (CRP),malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dis-mutase(SOD),total antioxidant capacity(TAOC),early peak flow(peak E),left ventricular late flow peak flow(peak A),E/A and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)before and after treatment,and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were ob-served. RESULTS:Before treatment,morning stiffness time,the numbers of 28 joints tenderness and swelling,DAS28 score, ESR,RF,IL-1,TNF-α,CRP,VEGF,MDA,TAOC and peak A in 2 groups were significantly lower than before treatment,and observation group was significantly lower than control group;SOD,peak E,E/A and LVEF in 2 groups were significantly higher than before treatment,and observation group was significantly higher than control group,with statistical significances (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Iguratimod combined with diacerein is superior to iguratimod combined with methotrexate in improving cardiac function,oxidation-antioxidant imbalance play and reducing inflammatory reactions in the treatment of RRA,with similar safety.
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Objective To investigate the significance of test of receptor activator of nuclear factor?kappa B(NF?κB)ligand(RANKL)in serum and urine for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Methods A total of 53 patients with osteoporosis(the experimental group)and 45 healthy controls(the normal control group)were recruited in this study. The expression levels of RANKL in serum and urine was measured and compared by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay. Results The serum and urine levels of RANKL in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group(P<0.01). The areas under receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of serum and urine RANKL were 0.898 and 0.734, respectively. The combined detection of serum and urine RANKL and Ca2+reached a high sensitivity of 89.5%and a specificity of 86.1%for diagno?sis of osteoporosis. Conclusion RANKL may be closely associated with the progression of osteoporosis. Serum and urine RANKL test may be help?ful in the diagnosis of osteoporosis.