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OBJECTIVE To identify the chemical components of Changtong oral liquid （CTOL），and to provide reference for the basic research and secondary development of its pharmacological substances. METHODS UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS technique was adopted. CTOL sample was separated on a Hypersil Gold column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid （containing 5 mmol/L ammonium formate）-acetonitrile （gradient elution）. The eluent was detected in positive and negative ion modes using an electrospray ionization source. The data was processed by Xcalibur 4.3 and Compound Discoverer 3.3 software. The primary and secondary mass spectra data of each compound were collected. The unknown compounds were identified according to the mass spectrometry library of the instrument and the network databases mzCloud，mzVault，etc. Through matching with the pharmacology database and analysis platform of the traditional Chinese medicine system，the chemical components could be attributed to the traditional Chinese medicine. RESULTS Fifty-three chemical components were identified and analyzed from CTOL，such as 24 flavonoids，8 quinones，5 phenylpropanoids，4 sugars and glycosides，5 organic acids，3 amino acids，1 alkaloid，1 phenolic and 2 other compounds. Among them，12 components were derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza，9 from Citrus aurantium，7 from Rheum palmatum，4 from Angelica sinensis，1 from Magnolia officinalis，16 from Glycyrrhiza uralensis，and 4 from many kinds of medicinal materials. CONCLUSIONS CTOL mainly contains flavonoids，quinones and phenylpropanoid compounds，and its chemical components mainly come from G. uralensis，S. miltiorrhiza and C. aurantium.
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Objective:To explore the effect of delphinidin on breast cancer and the underlying mechanisms.Methods:Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) positive breast cancer cells MDA-MB-453 were treated by delphinidin.Proliferation of MDA-MB-453 cells was detected by CCK-8 after 48 h.TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and Western blot were used to explore apoptotic status for MDA-MB-453 cells.Fluorescence dot assay,immunofluorescence,and Western blot were used to identify autophagy in breast cancer cells.Results:Delphinidin suppressed proliferation of MDA-MB-453 cells.Delphinidin increased the number of TUNEL positive cells.Delphinidin downregulated the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9,while upregulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 in a dose-dependent manner.Delphinidin enhanced the number of GFP-LC3 punctate dots,LC3 immunofluorescence dots and the expression of LC3-Ⅱ and ATG5.Delphinidin inhibited the expression of proteins in mTOR signaling pathway,induding AKT,mTOR,eIF4E and p70s6k.Conclusion:Delphinidin induced apoptosis and autophagy by inhibition of AKT/mTOR pathway in HER positive breast cancer cells.
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The therapy to different type of breast cancer has resulted in chemoresistance which is induced by auto-phagy.Autophagy, to tumor’s generation, is a double edged sword, and it can result to chemoresistance and auto-phagic cell death through interaction with apoptosis in breast cancer chemotherapy.However, autophagy may be unrelated to chemoresistance.It will be a key research point to further explore the relationship and mechanism be-tween autophagy and chemoresistance.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the tears and the ocular surface. This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, pranoprofen, in the treatment of dry eye.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>It is a prospective, multi-center, randomized, controlled, parallel group study. One hundred and fifteen patients with mild to moderate dry eye disease (55-60 in each treatment group) participated in this multi-center study. Patients were randomly administered with eyedrops containing 0.1% pranoprofen (PRA) plus 0.1% sodium hyaluronate (SH) or SH only, three times daily for 28 days, followed by a 1-week after treatment observation. Dry eye symptom score (DESS), fluorescein corneal staining (FLCS), tear break-up time (TBUT), and Shirmer 1 tear test (ST1, without anesthesia) were evaluated or conducted before treatment and at each study visit. Conjunctival impression cytology was taken from the patients treated with PRA plus SH before and after treatment and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the changes of human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Patients treated with PRA plus SH showed gradual improvements of DESS, FLCS, and TBUT. Between-group comparisons of FLCS and TBUT have statistically significant differences from day 14. Good tolerance with no severe adverse events was found in both groups. Patients treated with PRA plus SH had a reduced expression level of HLA-DR and were statistically different after 28 days of therapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The application of PRA at a dose of 0.1% was well tolerated and benefited to the patients with mild to moderate dry eye disease. The underlying mechanism of its efficacy may be associated with the reduction of inflammatory factors of conjunctival epithelial cells.</p>
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Adult , Humans , Middle Aged , Benzopyrans , Therapeutic Uses , Dry Eye Syndromes , Drug Therapy , Ophthalmic Solutions , Therapeutic Uses , Propionates , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
Objective To optimize the sulfation-conditions of Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSPS). Methods BSPS was sulfated with chlorsulfonic acid-pyridine. Reagent proportion, reaction temperature, and reaction time were selected with substitution degree and yield as index by L_9(3~4) orthogonal design. Results Results showed that the condition with 6∶1 volume ratio of pyridine and chlorine sulfonic acid, reaction temperature of 85 ℃, reaction time of 2 h was the optimum. Conclusion The optimal method for sulfation of BSPS is feasible, and it provides valuable parameters for further enlarged test.