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Objective@#To analyze the serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance characteristics of food-borne Salmonella strains isolated from food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018.@*Methods@#Serotypes of the strains were characterised using slid agglutination method with Salmonella antisera. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics were determined by the broth microdilution method. Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS18.0 were used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#A total of 170 strains of food-borne Salmonella were detected in food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018. Thirty-five serotypes were identified and 6 were found in both food and patients. The main serotypes in food were Salmonella Typhimurium (16.67%) and Salmonella Stanley (8.33%), and the predominant serotypes in patients were Salmonella Typhimurium (41.79%), Salmonella Enteritidis (16.42%) and Salmonella London (8.96%). The rate of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic and trimeth-sulfame were 27.78%-33.33% among the isolates from food, and 22.22%-25.00% to gentamicin, cefocime and ampicillin/sulbatan. Among the isolates from patients, the highest resistance was to ampicillin (55.97%), followed by that to tetracycline (49.25%), ampicillin/sulbatan (44.03%), nalidixic acid (41.04%) and cefazolin (37.31%), and 20.90%-30.60% strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime and ampicillin/sulbatan. There were 25.00% isolates from food and 25.37% isolates from patients resistant to at least 6 antibiotics, and the main multi-resistant pattern was ampicillin-tetracyline-nalidixic-cephalosporin antibiotics (partial).@*Conclusions@#There were many kinds of serotypes of food-borne Salmonella in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018 and the predominant types were Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella London. Drug resistance was common in the strars and some multidrug resistant strains were detected.
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Objective To analyze the serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance characteristics of food-borne Salmonella strains isolated from food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018. Methods Serotypes of the strains were characterised using slid agglutination method with Salmonella antisera. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics were determined by the broth microdilution method. Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS18. 0 were used for statistical analysis. Results A to-tal of 170 strains of food-borne Salmonella were detected in food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018. Thirty-five serotypes were identified and 6 were found in both food and pa-tients. The main serotypes in food were Salmonella Typhimurium ( 16. 67％ ) and Salmonella Stanley (8. 33％ ), and the predominant serotypes in patients were Salmonella Typhimurium (41. 79％ ), Salmonel-la Enteritidis (16. 42％ ) and Salmonella London (8. 96％ ). The rate of resistance to ampicillin, chloram-phenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic and trimeth-sulfame were 27. 78％ -33. 33％ among the iso-lates from food, and 22. 22％ -25. 00％ to gentamicin, cefocime and ampicillin/ sulbatan. Among the isolates from patients, the highest resistance was to ampicillin ( 55. 97％ ), followed by that to tetracycline (49. 25％ ), ampicillin/ sulbatan (44. 03％ ), nalidixic acid (41. 04％ ) and cefazolin (37. 31％ ), and 20. 90％ -30. 60％ strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime and am-picillin/ sulbatan. There were 25. 00％ isolates from food and 25. 37％ isolates from patients resistant to at least 6 antibiotics, and the main multi-resistant pattern was ampicillin-tetracyline-nalidixic-cephalosporin an-tibiotics (partial). Conclusions There were many kinds of serotypes of food-borne Salmonella in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018 and the predominant types were Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella London. Drug resistance was common in the strars and some multidrug resistant strains were detected.
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Objective To understand preliminaryly the epidemiological trend of lung cancer in recent years by retrospective analysis of 2 403 cases of lung cancer in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from 2013 to 2017.Methods The clinical data of patients with primary bronchogenic cancer diagnosed in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from 2013 to 2017 were collected.The clinical data such as gender,age,history of tobacco and alcohol,operation,pathological type,clinical stage and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation were analyzed statistically.Results A total of 2 403 cases of lung cancer were collected,including 1 766 males and 637 females.There was no significant difference in gender ratio between male and female in five years (x2 =8.481,P =0.075).There were 2 398 cases with age information,the male-to-female ratios of lung cancer patients aged less than 40,40-49,50-59,60-69,70-79,80 and over were 0.9 ∶ 1.0,1.4 ∶ 1.0,2.4 ∶ 1.0,3.6 ∶ 1.0,3.4 ∶ 1.0 and 3.3 ∶ 1.0 respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =59.004,P ＜ 0.001).The composition difference of adenocarcinoma was not statistically significant in five years (x2 =2.165,P =0.705).There was no statistically significant difference in the composition ratio of squamous cell carcinoma (x2 =4.788,P =0.310).Adenocarcinoma accounted for 43.15％ (762/1 766) and 81.95％ (522/637) of the pathological types of male and female patients respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001).Squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 39.01％ (689/1 766) and 7.28％ (47/637) respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001).The proportion of squamous cell carcinoma in smoking patients was 42.99％ (583/1 356),which was significantly higher than that in non-smoking patients (14.61％,153/1 047);the proportion of squamous cell carcinoma in drinking patients was 40.56％ (277/683),which was higher than that in nondrinking patients (26.69％,459/1 720),and the differences were statistically significant (both P ＜ 0.001).A total of 1 252 patients underwent surgery,accounting for 52.10％ (1 252/2 403) of the total cases.The surgical rate of small cell carcinoma was 21.72％ (48/221),and that of non-small cell carcinoma was 55.18％ (1 204/2 182).In five years,the surgical rates of lung cancer patients were 55.11％ (221/401),51.53％ (252/489),58.23％ (244/419),53.18％ (276/519) and 45.04％ (259/575) respectively,and there was significant difference in the proportion of surgical and non-surgical patients in each year (x2 =19.553,P =0.001).A total of 483 patients were tested for E GFR mutation,the EGFR mutation rate was 58.8％ (251/ 427) in adenocarcinoma patients and 15.6％ (5/32) in squamous cell carcinoma patients.Among lung cancer patients aged less than 40,40-49,50-59,60-69,70-79,80 and over,the proportions of adenocarcinoma were 76.74％ (33/43),62.39％ (136/218),57.73％ (381/660),47.95％ (455/949),52.22％ (235/450) and 52.56％ (41/78) respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =33.078,P ＜ 0.001);the proportions of squamous cell carcinoma were 9.30％ (4/43),21.56％ (47/218),28.03 ％ (185/660),34.14％ (324/949),32.44％ (146/450) and 35.90％ (28/78) respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =26.977,P ＜ 0.001).The difference of composition ratio of TNM staging was statistically significant in five years (x2 =21.003,P =0.034).Conclusion There has been no significant change of male-to-female ratio in patients with lung cancer in the past five years.With the increase of age,the male-to-female ratio increases first and then decreases.The proportion of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma has not increased or decreased significantly in the past five years.Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are both common in male lung cancer patients,while the pathological type of female patients is mainly adenocarcinoma.Squamous cell carcinoma is highly prevalent in smokers and drinkers.The surgical rate of squamous cell carcinoma is higher than that of adenocarcinoma,and the surgical rate of non-small cell lung cancer is higher than that of small cell lung cancer.The EGFR mutation rate is higher in adenocarcinoma.With the increase of age,the proportion of adenocarcinoma in all pathological types tends to decrease,while that of squamous cell carcinoma tends to increase.The patients' TNM staging has a downward trend,and the operation rate decreases slightly.
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Objective To systematically analyze the relevant literatures of problem-based learning (PBL) and to provide reference for further improvement and innovation. Methods Using bibliometric method and the package "tm" in R, we searched web of science database for PBL relevant literatures from inception to March 19 of 2018. Results A total of 5710 articles published in 77 journals had been collected. The results showed that PBL relevant literatures were increasing from 1976 to 2018. Most papers were published as article, with first authors from 84 countries of the world. The total citation of 5710 articles is 54768 and the average referenced times is 9.59. The research in those articles focused on medical education, health care sciences and engineering. Conclusions PBL has been widely used in various disciplines, especially in medical education. The research involves a wide range but the quality and depth of the study is still need to be improved.
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Isolation and characterization of metabolites produced by endophytes are significant ways to search for novel natural active substances, proving that the endophytes are the unique resources of newer and more effective compounds. Many new compounds with antimicrobial activity from different endophytes have been isolated so far. These new compounds provide alternatives to fight against multi-drug resistance of microorganisms. This review outlined the major achievements and latest developments of endophytes, including the diversity of endophytes and antimicrobial activity of endophytes, as well as its development in China.
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Objective To investigate the relationship among the average checking time of biochemistry results ,mental health of biochemistry results checkers and the rate of medical complains .Methods 258 biochemistry results checkers from 17 hospitals of Guangdong were tested by using symptom checklist(SCL‐90) ,biochemistry results checking time questionnaire and medical com‐plaints questionnaire .Results Compared with the national model data ,the mental health levels of biochemistry results checkers were worse relatively .The mental heath did not have gender difference ,however ,female checkers were significant worse than males in horror .The mental heath didn′t have gender difference between secondary and advanced technicians .However ,the junior techni‐cians were significant worse than technicians of other levels in obsession ,somatization ,anxiety ,depression and horror .The average checking time of biochemistry results was correlated with mental health of biochemistry results checkers .The average checking time of biochemistry results had relationship with the rate of medical complains .Conclusion The mental health conditions of biochemis‐try results checkers are bad .No mental health difference exists in gender .The junior technicians′mental heath are significant worse than secondary and advanced technicians .There are some relationships between the average checking time of biochemistry results , mental health of biochemistry results checkers and the rate of medical complains .
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In recent years, Shenyi Capsule has been proven to have certain anti-angiogenic effects, and to be effective to many cancers, but its effects on advanced esophageal cancer are scarcely studied.
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AIM: To observe the effects of Cidan Capsule and Shenyi Capsule(ginsenoside Rg_3) with intraarterial therapy for advanced primary liver cancer. METHODS: Sixty cases with advanced primary liver cancer patients were randomly divided into two groups,30 cases of the treatment groups were treated with Cidan Capsule and Shenyi Capsule with intraarterial therapy,30 cases of the controls were only treated with intraarterial therapy.(RESULTS:)(1) The two groups(CR + PR) efficiency were 70%(21/30) and 33.3%(10/30) respectively.The statistical analysis was significantly different(P