ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on regional cerebral oxygen saturation and cerebral function in patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm embolization. METHODS ：Totally 44 patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm embolization in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of TCM during Jun. 2017-Aug. 2019 were collected and randomly divided into group D （22 cases）and group C （22 cases）. Ten minutes before anesthesia induction ，group D was given intravenous injection of Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection 1 μg/kg；group C was given buffered normal saline 20 μL. Both groups were induced with Propofol emulsion injection+Midazolam injection+Fentanyl citrate injection+Cisatracurium besylate for injection. During the operation ，group D was given Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection 0.5 μg（/ kg·h）+Fentanyl citrate injection+Benzsulfosum atracurium for injection+Propofol emulsion injection to maintain anesthesia ；group C was continuously pumped with buffered normal saline 0.5 μg（/ kg·h）+Fentanyl citrate injection + Benzsulfosum aratracurium for injection Propofol emulsion injection to maintain anesthesia. Before anesthesia induction （T0）， immediately after anesthesia。induction （T1）， 1 min after tracheal intubation （T2）， immediately after operation finished （T3），immediately afte extubation（T4），the mean arterial pressure（MAP），heart rate 中国药房 2021年第32卷第7期 China Pharmacy 2021Vol. 32 No. 7 ·865· （HR），regional cerebral oxygen satur ation（rSO2）were observed in 2 groups. The levels of neuron specific enolase （NSE）and S100 β protein in serum were measured at T1，T3，6 h after operation （T6）. The recovery time ，intraoperative blood loss ， nitroglycerin amount and the occurrence of ADR were recorded. RESULTS ：MAP and HR of group D at T 2-T4 were significantly lower than those at T 0；MAP and HR of group C at T 2-T4 were significantly higher than those at T 0；the group D were significantly lower than the group C at the same period （P＜0.05）；there was no statistical significance in rSO 2 between 2 groups at T 0-T4（P＞ 0.05）. The levels of serum NSE and S 100β protein in 2 groups at T 3 were significantly higher than at T 1；those in 2 groups at T 6 were significantly lower than at T 3，but those of group D were significantly lower than the group C at T 3（P＜0.05）；there was no statistical significance in the levels of serum NSE or S 100β protein between 2 groups at T 1（P＞0.05）. The recovery time of anesthesia，the amount of nitroglycerin ，the incidence of tachycardia ，nausea and vomiting ，restlessness，shivering and cough in group D were significantly shorter or lower than group C （P＜0.05）；there was no statistical significance in the intraoperative blood loss between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：Dexmedetomidine can maintain the hemodynamic stability of patients with intracranial aneurysm embolization during the perioperative period ，has little effect on rSO 2 and brain function ，and has good safety.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluated the effect of oral administration of riboflavin combined with pulsed and continuous light accelerated scleral cross-linking on the histological and biomechanical properties of sclera in a guinea pig model to control the progression of myopia.Methods Thirty 4-week-old guinea pigs were divided into 5 groups,or the control group,non cross-linking group,conventional cross-linking group,pulse light cross-linking group and continuous light cross-linking group with 6 guinea pigs in each group.Three cross-linking groups were administered 0.1％ riboflavin solution with vitamin C by gavage from 3 days before modeling to modeling process.The conventional cross-linking group underwent cross-linking with 1 hour of (ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure at 0.67 mW/cm2,the pulse light cross-linking group received a pulsed-light accelerated crosslinking for 8 minuctes (1 second on/1 second off) of UVA exposure at 10 mW/cm2,and the continuous light accelerated cross-linking group was crosslinked with continuous-light accelerated crosslinking at 10 mW/cm2 for 4 minuctes.The same procedure was conducted on the non cross-linking group without UVA irradiation and 0.1％ riboflavin solution before modeling and modeling process.No any intervene was carried out in the control group.Retinoscopy and the axial length measurement were performed before and after experiment.The animals were euthanized 2 weeks after experiment and then biomechanical and histopathological examinations of scleras were conducted.The use and care of the animals complied with Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results Myopia models were established with an increased axial length and myopic diopter 2 weeks after myopic modeling process.Axial length in the non cross-linking group was longer than that of the control group at 2 weeks,with a siginificant difference between them (P＜0.01).The myopic Diopter in the non cross-linking groupwas significantly increased in comprasion with the control group at 2 weeks (P＜0.01).Compared with myopic eyes in the non cross-linking groups,axial length,diopter and strain assessment values were decreased significantly in three scleral cross-linking groups (all at P＜0.01).The sclera ultimate load and stress assessment in the conventinal cross-lingking group,pulse light cross-linking group,continuous light cross-linking group were significantly higher than those in the non-cross-linking group Max stress:[2.20±0.03],[2.67±0.05],[2.41±0.04] Mpa vs.[1.30±0.02] Mpa;Max load:[1.92±0.03],[2.33 ±0.28],[1.91 ±0.03] P vs.[1.54±0.06] P) (all at P＜0.01).Collagenous tissue of the scleras in the pulse light cross-linking group and continious ligh cross-linking group was similar in appearance to the control group.In addition,MMP2 expression of pulse light cross-linking group and continuous light cross-linking group was significantly increased,and TIMP-2 expression showed a reduce.Conclusions Pulsed and continuous light accelerated scleral cross-linking using oral administration of riboflavin and riboflavin UVA irradiation can effectively prevent the myopia development by increasing scleral biomechanical strength in guinea pig.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the expression and role of β-catenin in small-for-size liver grafts during early stage of liver regeneration after liver transplantation in rats.Method The livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats were reduced to 30％ or 50％ of their original sizes and transplanted.The experiment was divided into 3 groups:small-for-size graft group (SSG),half-size graft group (HSG) and sham-operated group.Liver samples were harvested at various time points after transplantation (n =6 per time point) for Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Six rats in each group were sacrificed at 3rd day after liver transplantation for estimating liver regeneration rate.Result Liver regeneration rate in SSG group was lower than that in HSG group.The expression of β-catenin was down-regulated in liver graft of both groups after being stored in cold Ringer solution for 2 h.The expression of β-catenin was significant up-regulated in HSG group from 5 min to 12 h after operation,while the down-regulated expression of β-catenin was persisted in SSG group at 5 min after operation,and mildly increased expression of β-catenin occurred at 2 h and 6 h,which was significantly lower than that in HSG group at the corresponding time points.The expression of active-β-catenin was low in each group before transplantation.Significant expression of active-β-catenin was found at 5 min in HSG group and persisted until 12 h after operation,mildly increased expression of active-β-catenin in SSG group was only found at 2 h,which was lower than that in HSG group at the same time points.Immunohistochemical staining revealed that β-catenin was mainly expressed on the hepatocyte membrane and in cytoplasm in the sham-operative group,many hepatocytes exhibited nuclear localization of β-catenin in HSG group from 5 min to 24 h,while only some hepatocytes exhibited nuclear localization of β-catenin in SSG group.The expression of Cyclin D1 in SSG group was significantly lower than that in HSG group,which was similar to the expression of C-Myc.Conclusion Attenuated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and down-regulated expression of target genes during early regeneration of small-for-size liver grafts may be involved in the inhibition of liver regeneration of small for size liver grafts.