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We conducted a randomized, open-label, parallel-controlled, multicenter trial on the use of Shuanghuanglian (SHL), a traditional Chinese patent medicine, in treating cases of COVID-19. A total of 176 patients received SHL by three doses (56 in low dose, 61 in middle dose, and 59 in high dose) in addition to standard care. The control group was composed of 59 patients who received standard therapy alone. Treatment with SHL was not associated with a difference from standard care in the time to disease recovery. Patients with 14-day SHL treatment had significantly higher rate in negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 in nucleic acid swab tests than the patients from the control group (93.4% vs. 73.9%, P = 0.006). Analysis of chest computed tomography images showed that treatment with high-dose SHL significantly promoted absorption of inflammatory focus of pneumonia, which was evaluated by density reduction of inflammatory focus from baseline, at day 7 (mean difference (95% CI), -46.39 (-86.83 to -5.94) HU; P = 0.025) and day 14 (mean difference (95% CI), -74.21 (-133.35 to -15.08) HU; P = 0.014). No serious adverse events occurred in the SHL groups. This study illustrated that SHL in combination with standard care was safe and partially effective for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Humans , COVID-19 , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Research , SARS-CoV-2 , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Our previous findings indicate that inflammation-activated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (MSC-CM) contribute to repairing the structure and function of the small intestine after radiation-induced acute intestinal injury. However, it is unclear whether the repair effect can be achieved by regulating small intestinal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of inflammation-activated bone marrow MSC-CM on the small intestinal epithelial stem cells after acute radiation-induced intestinal injury and to further discuss the repairing mechanism. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of Sprague-Dawley rats were separated, cultured and identified. Then, the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured with normal or radiation-induced IEC-6 cell lines in the Transwell system for 24 hours. Inflammation-activated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured alone for 48 hours. Non-activated MSC-CM (MSC-CMNOR) and MSC-CM under radiation-induced inflammatory condition (MSC-CMIR) were collected. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats (provided by the Experimental Center of Sun Yat-Sen University North Campus) were randomly divided into four groups with 20 rats in each group: control group, radiation group, radiation+MSC-CMNOR group and radiation+MSC-CMIR group. The rats in the latter three groups were exposed to one-off 14 Gy whole abdominal radiation to make a rat model of acute radiation-induced small intestinal injury. Three-day continuous administration beginning within 4 hours after successful modeling was given via the tail vein and intraperitoneal implantation of Alzet micro-osmotic pumps: EMEM-F12 (200 μL/d) for the radiation group, MSC-CMNOR for radiation+MSC-CMNOR group and MSC-CMIR for radiation+MSC-CMIR group. There was 2 mL of concentrated conditioned medium in the pump which was released at a constant rate of 10 μL/h into the abdominal cavity after implantation. Intestinal samples were collected at 1, 3, 5, 7 days after radiation for immunochemistry staining, western blot and qRT-PCR detection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) On the 3rd day after radiation, Lgr5 positive cells, which were actively proliferating on the base of crypts, became significantly reduced compared with the normal control group, and there was nearly no existing Lgr5 positive cells. However, after infusion of MSC-CMIR, Lgr5 positive intestinal stem cells were significantly increased compared with the radiation group, while in the radiation+MSCNOR group, there was no significant increase in Lgr5 positive intestinal stem cells. (2) On the 3rd day after radiation injury, Bmi1 positive intestinal stem cells were almost invisible. After infusion of MSC-CMIR, Bmi1 positive intestinal stem cells increased significantly, and it was observed not only in the +4 cell position but also in the common position used to be Lgr5 stem cells, indicating that Bmi1 stem cells could differentiate into Lgr5 positive cells to act its repairing effect. (3) Western blot and qRT-PCR further confirmed that the radiation+MSC-CMIR group was significantly higher on the Lgr5 expression level than the radiation group and the radiation+MSC-CMNOR group, and it returned to the normal level on the 7th day after the continuous high expression level. The repair effect of radiation+MSC-CMNOR group was weaker, and only on the 7th day, the expression level of Lgr5 was statistically different from the radiation group. To conclude, inflammation-activated bone marrow MSC-CM exert a protective effect on the small intestinal epithelial stem cells after acute radiation-induced intestinal injury
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BACKGROUND: Our previous findings indicate that inflammation-activated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (MSC-CM) contribute to repairing the structure and function of the small intestine after radiation-induced acute intestinal injury. However, it is unclear whether the repair effect can be achieved by regulating small intestinal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of inflammation-activated bone marrow MSC-CM on the small intestinal epithelial stem cells after acute radiation-induced intestinal injury and to further discuss the repairing mechanism. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of Sprague-Dawley rats were separated, cultured and identified. Then, the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured with normal or radiation-induced IEC-6 cell lines in the Transwell system for 24 hours. Inflammation-activated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured alone for 48 hours. Non-activated MSC-CM (MSC-CMNOR) and MSC-CM under radiation-induced inflammatory condition (MSC-CMIR) were collected. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats (provided by the Experimental Center of Sun Yat-Sen University North Campus) were randomly divided into four groups with 20 rats in each group: control group, radiation group, radiation+MSC-CMNOR group and radiation+MSC-CMIR group. The rats in the latter three groups were exposed to one-off 14 Gy whole abdominal radiation to make a rat model of acute radiation-induced small intestinal injury. Three-day continuous administration beginning within 4 hours after successful modeling was given via the tail vein and intraperitoneal implantation of Alzet micro-osmotic pumps: EMEM-F12 (200 μL/d) for the radiation group, MSC-CMNOR for radiation+MSC-CMNOR group and MSC-CMIR for radiation+MSC-CMIR group. There was 2 mL of concentrated conditioned medium in the pump which was released at a constant rate of 10 μL/h into the abdominal cavity after implantation. Intestinal samples were collected at 1, 3, 5, 7 days after radiation for immunochemistry staining, western blot and qRT-PCR detection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) On the 3rd day after radiation, Lgr5 positive cells, which were actively proliferating on the base of crypts, became significantly reduced compared with the normal control group, and there was nearly no existing Lgr5 positive cells. However, after infusion of MSC-CMIR, Lgr5 positive intestinal stem cells were significantly increased compared with the radiation group, while in the radiation+MSCNOR group, there was no significant increase in Lgr5 positive intestinal stem cells. (2) On the 3rd day after radiation injury, Bmi1 positive intestinal stem cells were almost invisible. After infusion of MSC-CMIR, Bmi1 positive intestinal stem cells increased significantly, and it was observed not only in the +4 cell position but also in the common position used to be Lgr5 stem cells, indicating that Bmi1 stem cells could differentiate into Lgr5 positive cells to act its repairing effect. (3) Western blot and qRT-PCR further confirmed that the radiation+MSC-CMIR group was significantly higher on the Lgr5 expression level than the radiation group and the radiation+MSC-CMNOR group, and it returned to the normal level on the 7th day after the continuous high expression level. The repair effect of radiation+MSC-CMNOR group was weaker, and only on the 7th day, the expression level of Lgr5 was statistically different from the radiation group. To conclude, inflammation-activated bone marrow MSC-CM exert a protective effect on the small intestinal epithelial stem cells after acute radiation-induced intestinal injury
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Objective@#To explore the viral pathogens in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection in Weifang.@*Methods@#Nasopharyngeal secretion (NPS) samples were collected from hospitalized patients with acute respiratory tract infection from July 2016 to June 2017. The NPS samples were detected for 16 respiratory virus types/subtypes including influenza A virus (FluA), influenza B virus (FluB), seasonal influenza A HlNl virus (sH1N1), parainfluenza virus types 1, 2 and 3 (PIV-1, 2, 3), respiratory syncytial virus A (RSVA), respiratory syncytial virus B (RSVB), human rhinovirus (HRV), adenovirus (ADV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), four coronavirus sybtypes (Cov-NL63, 229E, OC43, HKUl) and human bocavirus (BoV) by multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays based on automatic capillary electrophoresis.@*Results@#A total of 769 children with respiratory tract infection were enrolled, and the overall positive rate for the 16 common respiratory tract viruses was 33.68% (259/769). The positive rates were as follows: RSV (9.23%), PIV (7.93%), Flu (6.89%), HRV (4.68%), ADV (3.38%), HMPV (1.69%), CoV (0.91%), BoV (0.65%). The positive rate of viral detection showed significant differences among different age groups (χ2=8.724, P=0.033), and the highest positive rate was noted in the age group of 6 months to 1 year. The overall positive rate of viral detection showed a significant difference in terms of seasonal distribution, with a peak prevalence in winter.@*Conclusions@#RSV was the main respiratory tract virus among children in Weifang, especially in winter and spring. The distribution of viruses in children with respiratory tract infection was associated with age and season.
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BACKGROUND:A short-peptide small molecule hydrogel (SMH) developed in the previous study has more obvious advantages than other hydrogels to improve local microenvironment, carry bioactive substances and interfere with stem cell signal transduction pathways. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of SMHs on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation into myocardial cells. METHODS: (1) Passage 9 rat BMSCs in vitro were divided into control group and experimental group, followed by routine culture and culture in SMHs, respectively. At 7 days of culture, cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected. Cells in the two groups were exposed to anaerobic environment for 12 hours, and expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 in BMSCs were detected. (2) Passage 9 BMSCs were divided into four groups and then cultured in 5-azacytidine, SMHs, SMHs+5-azacytidine, and L-DMEM (normal control), respectively. After 4 weeks of induction, expression of CTnT, desmin and Cx-43 proteins was detected and expression levels of early cardiac transcription factors, NKX2.5 and GATA-4, were also measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the control group, better proliferation and lower apoptosis of BMSCs were found in the experimental group. Under anaerobic conditions, the number of survival cells was reduced in both groups, but less apoptosis or necrosis was found in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the level of Bcl-2 was higher in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.01), while the levels of Bax and Caspases-3 protiens were lower in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.01). (2) NKx2.5 and GATA-4 mRNA expression was found in both 5-azacytidine and SMHs+5-azacytidine groups, and moreover, the mRNA levels of early cardiac transcription factors were significantly higher in the SMHs+5-azacytidine group than in the 5-azacytidine group (P < 0.05). In the normal control group, cTnT expressed negatively, and desmin and Cx-43 expressed weakly. The expression of cTnT, desmin and Cx-43 proteins was higher in the SMHs+5-azacytidine group than in the 5-azacytidine and SMHs groups, while there was no significant difference between the latter two groups. To conclude, SMHs as a culture medium is conducive to the proliferation of BMSCs, reduces cell apoptosis, and promotes myocardial differentiation of BMSCs.
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Objective To study the clinical value of heat shock protein (HSP)70 in the diagnosis of neonatal asphyxia and the correlation of HSP70 and Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment (NBNA)score.Methods From January 2014 to June 2016,full-term neonates born in our hospital were enrolled in the study and assigned into mild and severe asphyxia groups.Normally delivered full-term infants were assigned to the control group.Blood from umbilical artery were extracted immediately after birth and HSP70 levels were detected using ELISA.The NBNA scores were recorded at the 7th,14th and 28th-day after birth.Results HSP70levels in both mild (n =46 )and severe (n =35 )asphyxia groups were significantly higher than the control group(n =50)[(14.4 ±2.7)ng/ml、(17.7 ±4.5)ng/ml than(11 .9 ± 2.3)ng/ml,P <0.05].The severe asphyxia group had even higher HSP70 levels than the mild asphyxia group (P <0.05).The NBNA scores of both asphyxia groups were significantly lower than the control group (P <0.05).The umbilical pH values of both two asphyxia groups were also significantly lower than the control group(P <0.05).Correlation analysis showed that HSP70 level was negative correlated with NBNA score (7th,14th,28th-day)(r =-0.574、-0.493、-0.208,P <0.05).The HSP70 level was negatively correlated with umbilical pH (r =-0.576,P <0.05).The area under curve(AUC)for HSP70 levels to predict asphyxia was 0.798(95%CI 0.722 ~0.874,P <0.05).Conclusions HSP70 level in umbilical cord blood can be used as an indicator for neonatal asphyxia.The more severe the asphyxia,the higher the HSP70 levels and the lower NBNA score and umbilical pH.
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Objective:To investigate the curative effect and prognosis of schizophrenia patients treated with paliperidone extended -release tablets.Methods:Totally 72 cases of patients with schizophrenia were divided into the observation group (n=35) and the control group ( n=37 ) according to the order of admission .The obsevation group was treated with paliperidone extended-release tab-lets, while the controll group was treated with risperidone tablets , and both groups were treated for 8 weeks.The positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS) was used to assess the effect of the two groups , the social function defect scale (SDSS) and prognosis of the two groups were compared.Results: After the 2-week treatment, the PANSS score, positive symptom score, negative symptom score and general symptom score were all decreased in the two groups when compared with those before the treatment (P<0.05),and the scores in the observation group were lower than those in the controll group (P<0.05).After the treatment, the SDSS was significantly reduced in the two groups when compared with that before the treatment (P<0.05), and the reduction in the observation group was more notable than that in the control group (P<0.05).The total effective rate of the observation group was 94.3%, which was higher than that (67.6%) of the control group (P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions, such as anxiety and akathisia, and the total adverse drug reactions in the observation group were both lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:Paliperidone extended-release tablets can effectively relieve suffering from schizophrenia with quick effect , few adverse reactions , high safety and good effect , which is worthy of promotion in clinical use .
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ObjectiveTo explore adrenal insufficiency in the preterm infants who had critical lung diseases and the relationship between adrenal insufifciency and long-term or short-term prognosis.Methods The basal cortisol and ACTH of iffty preterm infants enrolled were tested. The peak cortisol at 30 minutes after low dose ACTH stimulation was tested. The adrenal insufifciency was deifned as the concentration of the basal cortisol less than 15 μg/dl or the increment of cortisol concentration after low dose ACTH stimulation less than 9 μg/dl. The pretern infants with adrenal insufifciency were the AI group and others were the adrenal normality, AN group.Results Thirty-one cases were adrenal insufifciency in 50 preterm infants with critical lung disease. The incidence was 62%. The concentrations of the basal and peak cortisol in AI group were lower than those in AN group (P0.05). There was no signiifcant difference in the mortality and the incidence of BPD between two groups (P>0.05).Conclusions The incidence of adrenal insufifciency was high in the preterm infants with critical lung diseases, which may be due to insufifcient production of endogenous ACTH. When the adrenal insufifciency was happened, the blood pressure is relatively low in preterm infants with critical lung diseases, but it was not related to the mortality and the incidence of BPD.
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Multiple sclerosis(MS)is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and one of the most common autoimmune diseases,characterized by wide-spread lesions and relapsing-remitting encephalomyelitis,accompanied by optic nerve damage.Patients worldwide total about 2.5 million,mostly young adults and women.This disease remains incurable. Dimethylfumarate (DMF)is a new oral drug for MS,which was approved by the FDA in 2013 for clinical treatment of re-lapsing-remitting MS.It can reduce the activity of disease,and the relapsing-remitting MS relapse.This paper outlines the application of DMF to the treatment of MS and its mechanism of action.
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ObjectiveTo observe the effects and safety of early high-loading-dose clopidogrel in treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome.Methods178 patients with STEMI were divided into two groups randomly.96patients were treated with clopidogrel 600 mg immediately when they came to the hospital, and then were treated with clopidogrel 75mg daily for 1 year;82 patients were treated with clopidogrel 300mg immediately when they came to the hospital,and then were treated with clopidogrel 75mg daily for 1 year.The attacks of postinfarction angina pectoris,events of heart failure and the composite of death,reinfarction or stroke were observed.ResultsCompared with control group, the high-loading-dose group had obvious reduction in the attacks of postinfarction angina pectoris and the composite of death, reinfarction or stroke (all p ＜ O.05).There were no major and minor bleeding events in the two groups.ConclusionEarly treatment with high-loading-dose of clopidogrel in ACS could significantly improve its prognosis,and was safe and well tolerated.
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Objective: To investigate the shortterm efficiency of overflow fecal incontinence treated by biofeedback and electrical stimulating therapy. Methods: Twenty children with overflow fecal incontinence were given combined therapy, biofeedback and electricalstimulating therapy,for four weeks. Every therapy cost 20 to 30 minutes. The grading of clinical incontinence degree ,measurement of pressure of the anus and rectum, electromyogram of muscles of solum plevis were done before and after the therapy. Results: Followup was done for a mean of 4.5 years (range 3 to 5), the subjective scores, maximum contractive pressure of anus, last contractive time, rectal volume at sensory threshold, contraction amplitude of external anal sphincter and pudenda neural latency were significantly different from the ones before treatment (P
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How to detect the P300 component in EEG accurately and instantly is a hot problem in the research field of Brain-Computer Interface. In this paper, an algorithm based on F-score feature selection and support vector machines was introduced for P300 detection. Using F-score feature selection method, we reduced input features to overcome the shortcoming of support vector machines in terms of low detection speed, and then implemented the detection of P300 component with support vector machines, which have good classification performance. The algorithm was tested with a P300 dataset from the BCI competition 2003. The results showed that the algorithm achieved an accuracy of 100% in P300 detection within five repetitions, and the detection speed of this algorithm was 2 times higher than that of the traditional support vector machines algorithm without F-score feature selection.
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Humans , Algorithms , Electroencephalography , Methods , Event-Related Potentials, P300 , Physiology , Pattern Recognition, Automated , Methods , Principal Component Analysis , Signal Processing, Computer-AssistedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To provide a new idea for enhancement of core competitiveness of pharmaceutical enterprises in China and supply advice for building virtual marketing network.METHODS:The concept and theory of virtual management and virtual marketing network were interpreted and analyzed according to the status quo of pharmaceutical enterprises in China.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Virtual marketing network is a new idea for the development of pharmaceutical enterprises.Enterprises should establish a standard cooperative relation with the dealers in order to prevent risks and promote core competitiveness of enterprises.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate urodynamically and clinically bladder augmentation using double-deepithelialized segment of the small intestine lined with urothelium to analyse the recent outcome to treatment of hyperreflexia neurogenical bladder.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>25 patients with neurogenical bladder underwent bladder augmentation using deepithelialized segment of the small intestine lined with urothelium (4 - 14 years old, 16 males and 9 females) from October 1998 to October 2000. 21 patients were followed up. Voiding cystoureterography and urodynamic and clinical evaluation were performed, and serum electrolyte, urea nitrogen and creatinine were tested before and 6 months to 2 years after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After operation, bladder volume, maximum urine flow rate and compliance were increased, but residual urine/bladder volume and detrusor pressure decreased. Uninhibitory contraction decreased in 15 patients. In 12 patients associated vesicoureteral reflux, clinical evaluation revealed poor outcomes before operation, but excellent (4 patients), good (9), effective (4), poor outcomes (4) after operation. Seven patients had urinary sensation recovered. Vesicoureteral reflux decreased in 9 patients. There were no electrolyte unbalance and abnormal renal function in all patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Bladder augmentation using double-deepithelialized segment of the small intestine lined with urothelium shows a better result currently.</p>
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Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Reflex, Abnormal , Physiology , Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic , General Surgery , Urodynamics , Physiology , Urologic Surgical Procedures , Urothelium , PhysiologyABSTRACT
Objective To study the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) on cardiac cAMP accumulative levels induced by isoprenalin(Iso) and AngⅡ on positive inotropic response induced by Iso stimulation ?-adrenoceptor (?-AR) in 3.5- and 12.0- months-old rats. Methods Radioimmunoassay and functional experiment of isolated left atrias were applied to measure the levels of cAMP and cGMP and the positive inotropic response in the hearts. Results Iso increased cAMP accumulation in 3.5-month-old rats〔(1 027?169)pmol/mg vs (1 400?267)pmol/mg,P
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Objective To evaluate the effect of biofeedback therapy for the treatment of myogenic fecal incontinence. MethodsA general assessment about anorectal function was made on 17 cases receiving biofeedback therapy including muscle power training,sensory training and coordination training. Results The clinical scores before and after biofeedback therapy were 1.66?0.23,3.80?0.42 respectively,with an effective rate of 82%. The anus maximum contracting pressure elevated,(73?20) mm Hg vs. (123?30) mm Hg; myoelectric amplitude increased,(122?32) ?V vs. (230?41) ?V;Contracting time prolonged,(4.1?2.0) s vs. (9.4?3.0) s; The sensory threshold was lowered,(50?12) ml vs. ( 20? 10) ml;The feel-contract time increased,(3.1?0.4) s vs. (1.2?0.3) s. Positive rectal contraction reflex was seen in 41% patients before therapy compared with 82% after therapy. Conclusions Biofeedback therapy increases contractility of sphincter,decreases threshold of rectal sensory,and is a therapy of choice for myogenic fecal incontinence.
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To study the alkaloid constituents in the seed of Sophora alopecuroides L. and isolation of lehmannine by transhydrogenation of sophocarbine to matrine present in the mixture. Methods Various processes of exchange, ion exchange and column chromatograph with very similar physical and chemical properties was successfully separated by transhydrogenation. Results 5 alkaloids were obtained and identified by elementary analysis, IR, MS, 1HNMR and 13CNMR as oxymatrine, oxysophoridine, matrine, sophoridine and lehmannine (12, 13-dehydromatrine). Conclusion Lehmannine was isolated from the seed of S. alopecuroides for the first time.
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Objective To assess the effect of bladder neck sling in combination with pelvic floor suspension for management of urinary incontinence due to neurogenic sphincter incompetence in children. Methods From March 1998 to October 2000,23 patients (age:5 14 years) with neurogenic urinary incontinence resulting from congenital myelodysplasia underwent bladder neck sling with pyramidalis muscle in combination with pelvic floor suspension with iliopsoas,of whom 14 patients underwent bladder augmentation concomitantly with the procedure. Results All patients were followed up for 5 to 32 months (mean 18 months).Thirteen cases achieved continence,7 cases were improved,and 3 failed to gain effect.The overall effective rate was 87%.Pre operatively,the maximum bladder volume were (151.5?72.8)ml,leak point pressure were (32.3?6.5)cm H 2O(1 cm H 2O=0.098 kPa),maximum urethral pressure were ( 38.4 ? 13.7 )cm H 2O,maximum closing pressure were (22.8?13.2)cm H 2O and functional urethral length were (3.9?1.8)cm respectively.Post operatively,they were (211.6?63.3)ml,(49.8?16.4)cm H 2O,( 50.8 ?12.3)cm H 2O,(32.9?12.5)cm H 2O,(5.6?2.0)cm correspondingly.The differences were significant ( P
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AIM: To define the gene expression changes of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in response to norepinephrine (NE). METHODS: The expression adrenergic receptors (AR) were determined by radioligand binding assay in A7r5 cells. Gene expression profiles were identified by cDNA microarray after A7r5 cells were treated with NE for 24 h, and mRNA expressions of ? 1A -AR and ? 1B -AR were confirmed by real-time PCR. RESULTS: ? 1-AR and ?-AR existed in A7r5 cells. Seventy-five genes with changed expression in response to NE were screened out. These genes are involved in cell structure, cell/organism defense, metabolism, signal transduction and so on. ? 1A -, ? 1B -AR mRNA expression identified by microarray and realtime quantitive PCR displayed similar patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Gene expression profile in response to NE was analyzed comprehensively with the microarray technique. NE induces many kinds of different function genes in A7r5 cells, which may provide a novel insight into the particular role of NE that modulates multiple aspects of biological function in VSMCs. [
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Objective:To study the influence of neurogenic anorectum induced by myelodysplasia on function of anorectum.Methods:Twenty-five patients with myelodysplasia were evaluated by anorectal manometry.The function of anal sphincter was evaluated by resting pressure,contractive pressure and the length of high pressure;The sensation of rectum was evaluated by rectal maximum volume threshold;The function of defecation reflex was evaluated by rectoanal inhibitory reflex.Results:Anal resting pressure in the children with neurogenic anorectum induced by myelodysplasia( 25.8?3.4)mmHg was lower than that in normal children(66.7?24)mmHg.The maximum contractive pressure of anus in patients (86.6?20.1)mmHg was lower than that in normal children(129.0?18.8)mmHg.The length of high pressure in patients (17.5?4.5)mm was lower than that in normal children(23.6?4.6)mm.The rectal volume at sensory threshold in patients(62.1?8.5)ml was higher than that in normal children(36.0?12.6)ml.Rectal maximum volume threshold in patients(141.4?22.6)ml was higher than that in normal children (109.5?12.2)ml.Rectoanal inhibitory reflex was identified in both patients and normal children.Conclusions:Anorectal manometry may provide objective assessment of the neurogenic damage of anorectum in myelodysplasia including the damage of sphincter and the decrease of the rectal sensation. Rectoanal inhibitory reflex was identified in both patients and normal children. The major objective of anorectal treatment for patients with myelodysplasia was to strengthen the function of external sphincter, internal sphincter and pelvis floor muscle and to repair the sensation of rectum.