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Objective:To observe the main clinical features and outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after infection with COVID-19 and to compare them with those without diabetes mellitus.Methods:A single-center retrospective observational study was conducted in 88 in-patients who were diagnosed as COVID-19 from January 1 to February 26, 2020. They were divided into diabetic group and non-diabetic group, with 44 patients in each group. Patients′ medical history, laboratory examination, in-hospital treatment plan, and disease outcome were collected and compared.Results:The clinical symptoms of diabetic patients were varied, mainly fever(75.0%), cough(75.0%), fatigue(52.3%), and so on. The systolic blood pressure(SBP)was higher [131.50(120.00, 140.75) vs 125.00(120.00, 131.75)mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa, P=0.021] and the oxygenation was lower [96.00%(94.25%, 97.00%) vs 97.00%(95.00%, 98.00%), P=0.038] at admission compared with the non-diabetic group. Hypertension and chronic kidney disease were more common in diabetic group. Fasting blood glucose [7.64(6.12, 15.43) vs 5.62(5.25, 6.50)mmol/L, P<0.01], interleukin-6(IL-6)[19.85(6.50, 43.38) vs 10.80(3.03, 20.90)pg/ml, P=0.046] in diabetic group were significantly higher than those in non-diabetic group. Secondary infection(27.3% vs 9.1%, P=0.027), ARDS(22.7% vs 4.5%, P=0.013)and shock(4.5% vs 0%, P<0.01)were more likely to occur in the diabetic group. More patients were treated with mechanical ventilation in the diabetic group(20.5% vs 4.5%, P=0.024). The diabetes group was more likely to progress to critical type(20.5% vs 4.5%, P=0.024), and the time to progress to critical state was shorter [3(1.75, 5.25) vs 6(3.00, 12.00)d, P=0.019). The duration of severe symptoms was longer in the diabetic group [26.5(15.00, 31.50) vs 9(8.00, 13.00)d, P=0.026]. Conclusion:The clinical symptoms of type 2 diabetes patients with COVID-19 are diverse. They are often combined with diseases such as hypertension and chronic kidney disease. The inflammatory reaction is more obvious and has more COVID-19 related complications and is more likely to progress into a persistent severe condition in a short time.
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Nucleic acid aptamer is an oligonucleotide sequence screened by the exponential enrichment ligand system evolution technology (SELEX). Previous studies have shown that nucleic acid aptamer has a good application prospect in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, we reviewed the selection and identification of nucleic acid aptamer of lung cancer cells in recent years, and discussed the effect of aptamer as targeting drugs and targeting vectors on the diagnosis of tumors, which provide a new idea for early diagnosis and treatment of tumor.
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Early diagnosis and intervention is an important way to delay the progress of Alzheimer′s disease (AD).Compared with cerebrospinal fluid, blood sampling is not invasive and easy to be obtained in clinic practice.In this study, the serum samples of 9 controls, 10 AD and 12 mild cognitive dysfunction (MCI) patients were analyzed and compared through one by one analysis to screen potential markers for AD diagnosis.The experimental results showed that VGFYESDVMGR of α-2-macroglobulin peptide was closely related to the late stage of AD disease, and the large amount degradation of apolipoprotein C-Ⅲ, histone H1.2 and histone H1.4 was significantly related to early stages of AD progression.The characteristics of serum peptidome were different for the early and late AD, and these four proteins may be used as potential biomarkers of AD disease.In addition, the obvious ladder sequence characteristic was observed for apolipoprotein C-Ⅲ and histone H1, which could partly explain why the peptides distribution in different samples was somewhat contingent.On the contrary, the distribution at protein level was more stable.Finally, it was confirmed that the peptides of proteins such as fibrinogen α-chain, thymosin β-4 and patchy proteins were the dominant peptides in all serum samples.Overall, this study showed that the method of using serum peptidomics to diagnose AD was possible.The results may provide evidence and references for the large-scale clinical validation of AD.
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Objective To assess the association of subclinical thyroid dysfunction with fractures. Methods Medline, Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, Wan Fang, and VIP databases were systematically searched from January 1990 to August 2015 to identify prospective cohort studies which have studied the risk of fracture in patients with subclinical thyroid dysfunction. The relative risks ( RR) of cohort studies were pooled respectively, depending on the result of heterogeneity test among the individual studies search. The Stata (version 13. 0) software was used for meta-analysis. Results Nine prospective cohort studies including 292460 participants were identified as eligible for the meta-analysis. RR of subclinical hyperthyroidism for fracture was 1. 39(95%CI 1. 24-1. 55);for hip fracture, RR was 1. 24(95%CI 1. 10-1. 40);for nonspine fracture, RR was 1. 32 (95%CI 1. 09-1. 60). Different gender for subclinical hyperthyroid was associated with higher fracture rates:for females, RR was 1. 15(95%CI 1. 04-1. 27); for males, RR was 1. 31 (95% CI 1. 08-1. 59). The incidence of fracture in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism was higher during the follow-up. For subclinical hypothyroidism, the RR was 1. 21(95% CI 1. 03-1. 42). Subgroup analysis indicated that there were significant differences between endogenous/exogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism and euthyroid, but no differences between endogenous/exogenous subclinical hypothyroidism and euthyroid were found. Conclusion Subclinical hyperthyroidism is associated with an increased risk of fracture in the population, especially hip fracture and nonspine fracture. During the course of subclinical hyperthyroidism, the incidences of fracture should be noticed both in females and males. However, there is no evidence which could prove a definite association between subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of fracture.
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Objective To investigate the effects of interlukin-22 (IL-22) on diabetic renal fibrosis and its possible mechanisms. Methods C57 BL/ 6 mice were randomized to normal control group ( NC group), diabetic nephropathy control group ( DN group), recombinant interlukin-22 ( rIL-22) group, and interlukin-22 antibody (Anti-IL-22) group. 8 weeks after successful establishment of diabetes model, mice were injected intraperitoneally with 200 ng/ g rIL-22, Anti-IL-22 or equal 0. 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) twice a week for 4 weeks. After the intervention, blood glucose, kidney function and 24 h urine microalbumin creatinine ratio were measured. Renal pathological changes and collagen deposition were observed under the light microscope, and semiquantitative assessment of renal sclerosis and fibrosis were evaluated at the same time. The mRNA expression of transforming growth factor ( TGF)-β1 was determined by realtime PCR. The protein expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), E-cadherin, and fibronetin (FN) were examined by Western blotting. The protein expressions of collagenⅢ were examined by immunohistochemical analysis. Results After 4 weeks of intervention, the 24 h urine microalbumin creatinine ratio decreased significantly in the Anti-IL-22 group ( P<0. 05). Renal tubular epithelial cells vacuolar degeneration, protein cast formation, and glomerular mesangial expansion were observed under the light microscope. And the lesions were more severe in the rIL-22 group, whereas improved in the Anti-IL-22 group. Meanwhile, the collagen deposition was in accordance with the tubular injury score. Moreover, TGF-β1 gene expression increased significantly in the rIL-22 group (P<0. 01). α-SMA and E-cadherin, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, increased or decreased significantly in the rIL-22 group respectively (P<0. 05). FN and collagen Ⅲ, extracellular matrix ( ECM ) proteins, increased significantly in the rIL-22 group as well ( P <0. 05). Conclusions IL-22 may induce renal tubular epithelial cells TGF-β1 high expression. As a consequence, this contributes to EMT occurance and ECM accumulation, eventually accelerating the progression of diabetic renal fibrosis.
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Objective To investigate the effects of interlukin-22 (IL-22) on diabetic renal fibrosis and its possible mechanisms. Methods C57 BL/ 6 mice were randomized to normal control group ( NC group), diabetic nephropathy control group ( DN group), recombinant interlukin-22 ( rIL-22) group, and interlukin-22 antibody (Anti-IL-22) group. 8 weeks after successful establishment of diabetes model, mice were injected intraperitoneally with 200 ng/ g rIL-22, Anti-IL-22 or equal 0. 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) twice a week for 4 weeks. After the intervention, blood glucose, kidney function and 24 h urine microalbumin creatinine ratio were measured. Renal pathological changes and collagen deposition were observed under the light microscope, and semiquantitative assessment of renal sclerosis and fibrosis were evaluated at the same time. The mRNA expression of transforming growth factor ( TGF)-β1 was determined by realtime PCR. The protein expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), E-cadherin, and fibronetin (FN) were examined by Western blotting. The protein expressions of collagenⅢ were examined by immunohistochemical analysis. Results After 4 weeks of intervention, the 24 h urine microalbumin creatinine ratio decreased significantly in the Anti-IL-22 group ( P<0. 05). Renal tubular epithelial cells vacuolar degeneration, protein cast formation, and glomerular mesangial expansion were observed under the light microscope. And the lesions were more severe in the rIL-22 group, whereas improved in the Anti-IL-22 group. Meanwhile, the collagen deposition was in accordance with the tubular injury score. Moreover, TGF-β1 gene expression increased significantly in the rIL-22 group (P<0. 01). α-SMA and E-cadherin, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, increased or decreased significantly in the rIL-22 group respectively (P<0. 05). FN and collagen Ⅲ, extracellular matrix ( ECM ) proteins, increased significantly in the rIL-22 group as well ( P <0. 05). Conclusions IL-22 may induce renal tubular epithelial cells TGF-β1 high expression. As a consequence, this contributes to EMT occurance and ECM accumulation, eventually accelerating the progression of diabetic renal fibrosis.
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By using the high resolution mass spectrometer TripleTOF 5600 , three kinds of standard proteins including bovine serum albumin ( BSA) , ovalbumin ( OVA) and lysozyme C( LYZC) were analyzed, and the correlationship between the ion intensity of mass spectrometry and the relative content of protein sample was investigated. The protein samples were digested by trypsion and diluted to 1-1024 fmol in 7 μL. The ion counts per second ( cps) were used to stand for the amounts of proteins and peptides. Then the correlation between sum of ion intensity ( cps) of all the peptides, number of peptides detected and the amount of proteins was investigated. By comparing the change of values of the same sample in three parallel experiments, a linear relationship between these indexes and the amount of proteins within 1-1024 fmol was found when the cps was more than 1000. Usually, the maximal ion intensity was no more than 1. 5 times of the minimum value for same peptide in triplicate experiments, which suggested that the 3 times or more change of ion intensity was the minimum threshold to determine the differences of proteins amounts in different samples. This study provides a relative quantitative analysis method using qualitative data of high resolution and high scan speed mass spectrometry, which can quickly and easily provide reference for biological and medical research.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Amblyopia is a common disease for children. The main treatment approach for amblyopia is to patch the normally sighted eye and force the use of the amblyopic eye. However, patching treatment in children may negatively impact psychological well-being of both the child and family. At present, no specific questionnaire is available to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of amblyopic treatment for children and their families in China. The purpose of our study was to develop a Chinese version of patching treatment questionnaire, and evaluate its reliability and validity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The original patching treatment questionnaire of amblyopia treatment index (ATI) was translated into Chinese. Amblyopic patients aged 4-9 years receiving patching 4-8 hours per day or full-time were recruited. The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the patching treatment questionnaire were determined by internal consistency, test-retest reliability, item-scale correlations, and construct validity. The associated baseline factors and the questionnaire responses were assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One hundred and nine children with amblyopia treated with patching were enrolled. Distribution of response options for individual items and correlation with the respective subscale were calculated. Factor analysis revealed that 16 of the 21 items were loaded in the three subscales as follows: "adverse effects" of treatment, "difficulties with compliance" and "social stigma" of treatment. Internal consistency values measured by Cronbach's α coefficient (0.768) and split-half coefficient (0.790) were satisfactory for the total scales. The intra-class correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.998. No significant difference was found between the overall questionnaire scores and children's age, sex, baseline visual acuity of amblyopic eyes, improvement of the amblyopic eye, or patching time.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>We developed a Chinese version of the patching treatment questionnaire with satisfactory reliability and validity. Validation in a patch-treated pediatric amblyopic population indicated that the questionnaire may be useful for Chinese children.</p>
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Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Amblyopia , Drug Therapy , Therapeutics , Atropine , Therapeutic Uses , China , Quality of Life , Sensory Deprivation , Physiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relationship of autoantibodies against G protein coupled angiotensin Ⅱ-1 receptor (AT1 R),α1-adrenergic and β1-adrenergic receptors (α1 R and β1 R) with thyrotoxicosis heart disease (THD).Methods The epitopes of the second extracellular loop ofAT1 R (165-191),α1 R (192-218),and β1 R(197-222) were synthesized for screening autoantibodies from 277 participants by ELISA.237 patients with thyrotoxicosis were subdivided into thyrotoxicosis treatment group (n =148) and thyrotoxicosis recovery group (n =89),or into THD group (n =46) and simple hyperthyroidism group (n =191).40 healthy subjects were served as control group.Results (1) The positive rates of autoantibodies against AT1 R,α1 R and β1 R in thyrotoxicosis patients were higher than those in the control subjects (31.6％ vs 12.5％,27.8％ vs 10.0％,and 23.6％ vs 7.5％,all P＜0.05).The positive rates of the three autoantibodies in the patients with Graves' disease were higher compared with thyrotoxicosis caused by other reasons (36.3％ vs 19.7％,32.2％ vs 16.7％,and 28.1％ vs 12.1％,all P＜0.05).(2) In thyrotoxicosis treatment group,the positive rates of autoantibodies against AT1 R and α1 R were higher than those in the hyperthyroidism recovery group (40.5％ vs 16.9％ and 33.1％ vs 19.1％,both P＜0.05).(3) The incidence of autoantibodies against AT1 R and α1 R in THD were significantly higher compared with simple hyperthyroidism (52.2％ vs 26.7％ and 43.5％ vs 24.1％,both P＜0.05).Conclusions Autoantibodies against AT1 R,α1 R,and β1 R may play important roles in the pathogenesis of hyperthyroidism,which may be involved in the progression of THD.
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Objective To summarize the experience of laparoscopic operation in the treatment of ovarian cysts. Methods Clinical data of 386 patients with ovarian cysts treated laparoscopically from July 1999 to December 2004 in this hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results Laparoscopic operation was successfully performed in 384 cases, while a conversion to open surgery was required in 2 cases because of previous operation history or pelvic adhesions. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 20.6 ml (range, 10~60 ml) and the mean operating time, 55 min (range, 20~140 min).The mean postoperative hospital stay was 3 days(range,2~5 days).In a follow-up for 1~60 months (mean, 24 months) in 194 cases, pelvioscopy and B-ultrasonography examinations revealed normal findings. Conclusions Laparoscopic operation for ovarian cysts is an effective and safe method. It is characterized with minimal invasion, quick recovery and short hospitalization.
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AIM:To establish a method for determing loganin and paeonol in Liuwei Dihuang Granules(Radix Rehmannial praeparata,Fructus Corni,Cortex Moutan,Rhizoma Dioscoreae,etc.).METHODS:Loganin was determined using acetonitrile-water(15∶85) as the mobile phase with UV detection at 236 nm,and paeonol was determined using methanol-water(70∶30) as the mobile phase with UV detection at 274 nm by HPLC with Diamonsil C_ 18(150 mm?4.6 mm,3 ?m) column.RESULTS:The linear ranges of loganin and paeonol were in the ranges of 2.34-234 ?g/mL(r=0.999 99),7.07-141.40 ?g/mL(r=0.999 6),respectively.The average recoveries of loganin and paeonol were 100.06%,95.75% with RSD of 3.10%,0.65%,respectively.CONCLUSION:This method is simple,accurate,reproducible and can be used for determining loganin and paeonol in Liuwei Dihuang Granules.
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AIM: To establish a quick,accurate,sensitive method for analysis of theophylline,prednisone acetate and dexamethasone acetate illegally added into traditional Chinese medicinal preparation for antitussive and antiasthmastics by UPLC-MS. METHODS: The UPLC-MS/MS method was used.Electrospay ionization(ESI) source was applied and operated in the positive and negative ion mode.Theophylline,prednisone acetate and dexamethasone acetate illegally added into traditional Chinese medicinal preparations were identified. RESULTS: Both theophylline and prednisone acetate were found in formulations. CONCLUSION: The method is selective and sensitive and can be used to detect the theophylline,prednisone acetate and dexamethasone acetate illegally added into traditional Chinese medicinal preparations.
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AIM: To establish a quick,accurate,sensitive method for analysing sildenafil citrate illegally added into traditional Chinese medicinal preparation. METHODS: The ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry method was used.Electrospay ionization(ESI) source was applied and operated in the positive and negative ion mode.The compound of sildenafil citrate illegally added into traditional Chinese medicinal preparations were identified according to the spectrum,chromatographic behavior and mass spectral data by comparison with those of reference substance. RESULTS: Sildenafil citrate was found in two formulations of three. CONCLUSION: The method is selective and sensitive and can be used to detect the sildenafil citrate illegally added into traditional Chinese medicinal preparations.