The effect of paraquat on voltage-dependent anion channel and caspase-3, 8, 9 in the mitochondria of rat lung / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of different concentrations of paraquat (PQ) poisoning on the expression of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and caspase family in the mitochondria of rat lung tissue, and to explore possible mechanisms of acute lung injury induced by acute PQ poisoning.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred healthy adult Wister rats with equal numbers of male and female ones were randomly and equally divided into control group and poisoned group. The control group received one-time gastric lavage with 1 ml of normal saline, and the poisoned group with PQ (50 mg/kg) diluted in 1 ml of normal saline. Twenty rats were collected at 1, 24, 72, 120, and 168 h after lavage with normal saline or PQ and dissected after anesthesia. Mitochondria were separated from rat lung tissue, and the content of VDAC and caspase-3, -8, and -9 were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of VDAC and caspase-3, -8, and -9 in the poisoned rats were significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). At 1, 24, 72, 120, and 168 h after exposure, acute diffuse damages were found in alveolar capillary endothelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells, and pulmonary interstitial cells. Inflammatory cell infiltration in the pulmonary interstitium, alveolar structural disorder, and substantially increased fibroblasts were also found in rat lung tissue.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PQ poisoning can up-regulate the expression of VDAC and caspase-3, -8, and -9 in mitochondria of rat lung tissue to induce acute lung injury.</p>

Effects of Ulinastatin on brain injured and cardiac function compromised after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rabbits / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate whether Ulinastatin (UTI) would minimize the systemic inflammatory response,lessen cardiac dysfunction and protect neurons against injury in hippocampus CA1area after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Methods Animal models of cardiac arrest were established in 24 New Zealand rabbits,and those animals were randomly (random number) divided into control group and UTI treated group after ROSC.Changes in the levels of plasma inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were assayed before cardiac arrest and 4,8,12 and 16 hours after ROSC.Cardiac function including FS,EF and E/A were observed with ultrasonography before cardiac arrest and 4,8,12 and 16hours after ROSC,and viable and apoptotic neurons in hippocampus CA1 area and infiltrations of MPO positive cells in myocardium,cerebrum,liver,kidney and intestine were counted 72 hours after ROSC.The t-test or Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used to verify the specified theoretical distribution functions of the biomarkers tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test,POST HOC test was used for the multiple comparisons,and Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between inflammatory cytokines and cardiac function. Results The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in UTI group were lower than those in control group as those data got 4,8,12 and 16 hours after ROSC (P ＜0.05).EF and E/A in UTI treated group were higher than those in the control group as those data got 4,8,12 hours after ROSC.FS values obtained 4 h and 8 hours after ROSC were higher in UTI group than those in control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 significantly correlated with EF after ROSC.The number of viable neurons in CA1 area of control group was ( 13.22 ± 0.97) which was lower than that in UTI group ( 16.89 ± 1.45 ) ( P =0.003 ),while the number of apoptotic neurons in hippocampus CA1 area was higher in control group than that in UTI group (15.67 ± 1.37) vs.(13.67 ± 1.03 ) (P =0.019).The numbers of MPO positive cells were significantly lower in liver,kidney and intestine in group UTI than those in control group. Conclusions UTI could inhibit the infiltration of MPO positive cells in liver,kidney and intestine,decreasing the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma,in turn lessening cardiac dysfunction and protecting neurons from injury in hippocampus CA1 area after ROSC of New Zealand rabbits.

EFFECTS OF LYSINE, PHENYLALANINE, TYROSINE, AND VALINE ON THE KINETICS OF ZINC ABSORPTION IN ILEUM OF RAT / 营养学报

The results of lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and valine on kinetics of zinc absorption in rat ileurn using a two-compartment in situ perfusion model showed; 1. Phenylalanine can increase the zinc absorption micro-constants K21, K12, and K02, That is to say phenylalanine increases the a-mount of zinc from lumen to mucosa, from mucosa to lumen, and from mu-cosa to blood. Tyrosine and valine can increase the values of K21, so more zinc flows from lumen to mucosa; 2. The results of amino acids on the half times of zinc absorption showed that phenylalanine decreases both the half times of the fast phase and the slow phase, while valine decreases only the half time of the fast phase. Lysine and tyrosine have no effects on the half times of zinc absorption. The results of this study indicate that phenylalanine, tyrosine, and valine increase zinc absorption in the ileum of rat. The enhancing effects of amino acids on zinc absorption are related to the stability constants of zinc-amino acid chelators.