ABSTRACT
Objective:To summarize the application rules of acupuncture and moxibustion in the clinical trials for dysmenorrhea and endometriosis.Methods:The relevant articles of clinical research on acupuncture and moxibustion for the treatment of dysmenorrhea in endometriosis were retrieved electronically from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed and Cochrane Library (Retrieved from database establishment until 31 October 2021). The clinical literatures that met the inclusion criteria were included into the database (Microsoft Office Excel 2019), and the main table and sub-table were established through Microsoft Office Excel 2019. Descriptive statistic analysis was performed by using SPSS 26.0 software. StataSE15 (64-bit) software was used to analyze the correlation between the combinations of acupoints with single acupoint frequency>5.Results:A total of 40 clinical studies were included. Of them, the top 3 acupuncture methods according to the frequency were acupuncture (11 times), moxibustion (11 times), and electro-acupuncture (8 times), the top 3 acupuncture points used according to the frequency were Guan Yuan (34 times), San Yin Jiao (26 times), and Zhong Ji (25 times), the top 3 meridians of the body acupuncture points according to the frequency were Ren Meridian (36 times), Spleen Meridian (32 times), and Stomach Meridian (22 times). According to the correlation analysis, body points of Guan Yuan, San Yin Jiao, Uterus, Qi Hai and Zhong Ji were stronge related.Conclusion:Acupuncture can effectively treat EMT dysmenorrhea with less adverse reactions. The methods are mainly acupuncture, moxibustion and electroacupuncture, mostly local acupoints, intersection acupoints and empirical acupoints.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In this work, we aim to determine the optimum pH value for the preparation of 3% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (3Y-TZP)/3%Al₂O₃ and optimum calcination temperature of Al₂O₃ precursor and amorphous boron nitride (BN) for Al₂O₃-BN coating 3Y-TZP powders.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 3Y-TZP/3%Al₂O₃ composite powders were prepared through the heterogeneous precipitation method under different pH values (6.5, 7.5, 8.5, and 9.5) and analyzed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine the optimum coating morphology. Al₂O₃ precursor, which was prepared under the optimum pH value, was calcined at different temperatures (800, 1 000, 1 200, and 1 400 ℃). The amorphous BN coating 3Y-TZP/3%Al₂O₃ powder was prepared via in situ reaction with boric acid and urea (calcined with N₂ at 850 ℃ for 5 and 3 h and 800 ℃ for 5 and 3 h). TEM, energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed to characterize the results.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The optimum coating morphology was obtained at 8.5 pH. When the Al₂O₃ precursor was calcined at 1 200 ℃ and coated with BN (calcined with N₂ at 800 ℃ for 5 h), the Al-B-O compound was less, and t-ZrO₂ was more represented.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The optimum pH value for 3Y-TZP/3%Al₂O₃ composite preparation is 8.5. For the preparation of Al₂O₃-BN coating 3Y-TZP powders, the optimum calcination temperature of the Al₂O₃ precursor and amorphous BN are 1 200 and 800 ℃, respectively.</p>