ABSTRACT
Secondary metabolites of medicinal plants are extremely important to human health because of their special pharmacological activities or efficacy. They are the main source of drugs, health care products, and cosmetics. As human beings continue to pursue health and longevity, the demand in the pharmaceutical market continues to grow. It becomes especially important to improve the production and quality of secondary metabolites of medicinal plants. Plant secondary metabolites are a kind of adaptation of plants to their environment and are the result of the interaction between plants and biotic and abiotic factors during the long-term evolution process. The production and accumulation of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants are mainly affected by plant genetic factors and environmental factors. Among them, light environment is extremely important for their synthesis. Therefore, light regulation has long been a research focus for many scholars in China and abroad. In this article, we the recent research progress on the effects of light regulation on the secondary metabolites of medicinal plants were reviewed, mainly focusing on the effects of light quality, light intensity and photoperiod, in order to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the efficient production of secondary metabolites with important pharmacological activities.
ABSTRACT
@#Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of thoracic esophageal-gastric cancer (TEGC) and the safety and effectiveness of secondary reconstruction of thoracic and gastrointestinal tract after esophageal and preventriculus cancer (esophagogastric junction) surgery. Methods The clinical data of 353 patients with esophageal and preventriculus cancer who underwent endoscopic review from July 2007 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 31 (8.78%) patients with relapsed or recurrent TEGC were found, including 24 males and 7 females with a mean age of 58.5 years (range: 42 to 68 years). There were 18 (58.06%) patients of adenocarcinoma and 13 (41.94%) squamous cell carcinoma. All patients underwent TEGC resection and secondary reconstruction of thoracic gastrointestinal tract. Thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) and upper gastrointestinal imaging (GI) were performed during follow-up, and gastroscopy was performed for suspected patients. All the patients were followed-up till death or December 30, 2019. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method, and the survival was analyzed using the log-rank test. Results Thirty-one patients underwent thoracic esophagectomy and gastric cancer resection, and then reconstruction of the thoracic and gastrointestinal tract. Eight patients underwent residual gastroesophageal thoracic anastomosis, 13 patients colon esophagectomy, 6 patients jejunal esophagectomy (1 patient esophago-jejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis), and 4 patients cervical esophagogastric anastomosis. The mean operation time and intraoperative blood loss were 404.8 (340-475) min and 378.4 (180-620) mL. The postoperative complications ocurred in 4 patients, including 3 patients of pulmonary infection and 1 patient of cervical incision infection. The mean hospital stay was 17.1 (14-21) d. All patients were followed up, the median survival time of 11 patients in stage Ⅰ-ⅡA was 25 (19.8-35.0) months and 20 patients in stage ⅡB-ⅢA was 16 (12.5-19.5) months. There was a significant difference between the two groups (χ2=7.840 8, P<0.01). Conclusion Postoperative relapsed and recurrent TEGC occurs after the surgery for esophageal and preventriculus cancers, most of which are caused by metachronous gastric cancer or residual esophageal carcinoma recurrence which leads to invasion of the thoracic and gastric wall. Regular endoscopic review is the main method after operation. It is technically safe and feasible to reconstruct the thoracic and esophageal digestive tract in patients with TEGC after reoperation, which can benefit the survival of patients.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:There is no effective therapy for obliterative bronchiolitis after tracheal transplantation. A therapeutic strategy at microRNA (miRNA) molecular level plays a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of complications after organ transplantation. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the miRNA differential expression profile in response to obliterative bronchiolitis after orthotopic tracheal transplantation in rats. METHODS:The obliterative bronchiolitis model after lung transplantation was established through orthotopic tracheal transplantation in inbred strains of rats, and then was identified using histoIogical examination. Total miRNAs were detected by miRNA array and significantly differential expressed miRNAs were filtrated in the transplanted trachea tissues. The miRNA-146a, miRNA-155 and miRNA-451 with significantly differential expressions were used for relative quantitative study. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was applied to verify the reliability of miRNA array results. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The pathological examination showed that, obliterative bronchiolitis model in rats was successful y established at 4 weeks after orthotopic tracheal transplantation. A total of obliterative bronchiolitis-related 29 miRNAs were found in miRNA expression profiles, including 14 miRNAs with significantly down-regulated expression and 15 miRNAs with significantly up-regulated expression. Among them, the significantly up-regulated miRNAs (miRNA-146a and miRNA-155) and the significantly down-regulated miRNA-451 were involved in immuno-inflammatory reaction. The miRNAs play an important role in regulating pathophysiological changes of obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the influence of fast-track surgery in perioperative period on the clinical outcomes of patients at nutritional risk in respectable esophageal cancer surgery perioperatively.Methods A total of 170 esophageal carcinoma patients receiving radical operation in our hospital from January 2008 to December 2013 were randomly divided into two groups by simple random method (n =85 each):one group was treated with the new concept of FTS-based on nutritional risk screening (FTS group),and the other control group received conventional perioperative management (CPM group).The postoperative first passage of flatus and defecation,time to drainage tube removal,postoperative hospital stay,and morbidity of the postoperative complication were recorded and compared.Results The time to drainage tube removal and length of postoperative hospital stay were significantly lower in the FTS group than those in the CPM group,and the overall postoperative complication rate was 7.06％ (6/85) in the FTS group and 20.00％ (17/85) in the CPM group (all P ＜0.05).In FTS group,the first flatus time was (59.01 ±2.73) h,the first defecation time was (3.35 ± 1.37) d,removing time of chest tube was (2.76 ±0.34) d,and postoperative hospital days was (8.16 ± 0.80) d; in the control group,they were (90.16 ±2.82) h,(4.78 ± 1.74) d,(4.39 ±0.25) d,and (10.93 ± 1.39) d respectively,showing significant differences (all P ＜0.05).The operative time was similar between these two groups.Conclusion The new concept of FTS by nutrition risk screening and intervention apparently can accelerate recovery after esophagngastrectomy,reduce the rate of overall complications,promote bowel function recovery,and decrease morbidity in the perioperative period for patients with esophageal carcinoma.
ABSTRACT
A new chitosan derivative is prepared using chitosan.Ethyl chlorocarbonate was first introduced to the hydroxyl group of phthaloylchitosan through a nucleophilic reaction.Hydrazine was then added to recover the amino groups of chitosan and promote cross-linking.The structure of this new chitosan derivative was characterized by Fourier transform infrared（FT-IR）and proton nuclear magnetic resonance（1H NMR）spectroscopy,and its physical properties were determined by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）,and thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）.The thermal and chemical stabilities of the new derivative were improved compared with those of native chitosan.Assay of Escherichia coli adhesion on a film based on this chitosan derivative showed good adsorption and biofilm formation.
ABSTRACT
Abstract A new microfluidic system with four different microchambers （a circle and three equilateral concave polygons） was designed and fabricated using poly（dimethylsiloxane） （PDMS） and the soft lithography method. Using this microfluidic device at six flow rates （5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μL/h）, the effects of microenvironmental geometry and aqueous flow on bacterial adhesion behaviors were investigated. Escherichia coli HB101 pGLO, which could produce a green fluorescent protein induced by L-arabinose, was utilized as the model bacteria. The results demonstrated that bacterial adhesion was significantly related to culture time, microenvironment geometry, and aqueous flow rates. Adhered bacterial density increased with the culture time. Initially, the adhesion occurred at the microchamber sides, and then the entire chamber was gradually covered with increased culture time. Adhesion densities in the side zones were larger than those in the center zones because of the lower shearing force in the side zone. Also, the adhesion densities in the complex chambers were larger than those in the simple chambers. At low flow rates, the orientation of adhered bacteria was random and disorderly. At high flow rates, bacterial orientation became close to the streamline and oriented toward the flow direction; All these results implied that bacterial adhesion tended to occur in complicated aqueous flow areas.The present study provided an on-chip flow system for physiological behavior of biological cells, as well as provided a strategic cue for the prevention of bacterial infection and biofilm formation.
ABSTRACT
A new microfluidic system with four different microchambers (a circle and three equilateral concave polygons) was designed and fabricated using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and the soft lithography method.Using this microfluidic device at six flow rates (5,10,20,30,40,and 50 μL/h),the effects of microenvironmental geometry and aqueous flow on bacterial adhesion behaviors were investigated.Escherichia coli HB101 pGLO,which could produce a green fluorescent protein induced by L-arabinose,was utilized as the model bacteria.The results demonstrated that bacterial adhesion was significantly related to culture time,microenvironment geometry,and aqueous flow rates.Adhered bacterial density increased with the culture time.Initially,the adhesion occurred at the microchamber sides,and then the entire chamber was gradually covered with increased culture time.Adhesion densities in the side zones were larger than those in the center zones because of the lower shearing force in the side zone.Also,the adhesion densities in the complex chambers were larger than those in the simple chambers.At low flow rates,the orientation of adhered bacteria was random and disorderly.At high flow rates,bacterial orientation became close to the streamline and oriented toward the flow direction.All these results implied that bacterial adhesion tended to occur in complicated aqueous flow areas.The present study provided an on-chip flow system for physiological behavior of biological cells,as well as provided a strategic cue for the prevention of bacterial infection and biofilm formation.
ABSTRACT
A new chitosan derivative is prepared using chitosan.Ethyl chlorocarbonate was first introduced to the hydroxyl group of phthaloylchitosan through a nucleophilic reaction.Hydrazine was then added to recover the amino groups of chitosan and promote cross-linking.The structure of this new chitosan derivative was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy,and its physical properties were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD),differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).The thermal and chemical stabilities of the new derivative were improved compared with those of native chitosan.Assay of Escherichia coli adhesion on a film based on this chitosan derivative showed good adsorption and biofilm formation.
ABSTRACT
Objective In a prospective randomized controlled pilot study, effects of postoperative pulmonary complications on a conservative treatment surgery (CTS) and fast track surgery (FTS) treatment regimen in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy were compared.Methods Eighty patients who underwent radical pulmonary lobectomy surgical treatment for non-small cell lung cancer disease from January 2008 to May 2010 in our hospital were random assigned to either fast track surgery treatment (40 FTS group) or conservative treatment surgery regimen (40 CTS group). Study endpoints were pulmonary complications ( pneumonia, atelectasis, prolonged air leak ＞ 7 days); Further parameters assessed in the postoperative course of patients were the need for postoperative mechanical ventilation, temperature at the end of the operation, length of stay (LOS) on intensive care unit (ICU) and day of discharge. Results The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications was 34. 21% in CTS group and 8. 33% in FTS group ( P ＜0. 05). Median length of stay on ICU was comparable in both groups ( 1 day),but the day of discharge was significantly different in both groups [( 11. 1 ±3.6)d vs ( 16. 6 ±5.7)d, P ＜0. 01]. Conclusion Using this fast track clinical pathway, the rate of pulmonary complications could be significantly decreased as compared to a conservative treatment regimen. Our results supported the implementation of an optimized perioperative treatment in lung surgery for non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing radical pulmonary in order to reduce pulmonary complications after major lung surgery.
ABSTRACT
To obtain and analyze the sequence of the nucleocapsid gene from bovine coronavirus, and to produce the fusion protein of the N gene in E.coli in order to use this recombinant protein for the study of bovine coronavirus. The N gene of BCV-DQ strain was amplified by RT-PCR, in which the primers were designed on the basis of N gene sequence of BCV-Mebus strain. The PCR products of 1 347 bp in length were cloned and sequenced, and then inserted into the prokaryotic vector pET30a. The recombinant plasmids were then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot assay. ELISA assay was optimized of N protein as the coating antigen to detect the viruses in the clinical samples. In comparison with 6 BCV strains in GenBank, the sequence identity was proved to be more than 98.3%. Result in SDS-PAGE showed that the fusion protein had a molecular weight of 60 ku, and could be specifically recognized by mouse serum against BCV. The indirect ELISA was used to test 256 serum samples collected from Heilongjiang province and 65.23% samples were positive. On testing field samples, an overall agreement of 95.31% was generated between the the neutralization test of viruses (VN) and indirect ELISA. It is apparent that the N gene was highly conservative and is expressed in E. coli in high level,also the prokaryotic expression products of this gene show a fine reactiongenicity in immune responses. It was also suggested that the N protein may be a useful antigen for sero-diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of BCV.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To observe the effects of oxygen free radical (OFR) and captopril on the level of asymmetric NG, NG-dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) in human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs).METHODS: HUVECs of 3-6 th passage, cultured with modified Jaffes' method, were used in the experiment and divided into three groups: (1)Cells cultured with equivalence of DMEM medium as control; (2)OFR intervention groups, OFR at concentrations of 0 01 mmol/L, or 0 1 mmol/L, respectively, were added to the cell culture; (3)Drug intervention groups: the cell culture was treated with 0 1 mmol/L of OFR combined with 50 mg/L or 100 mg/L of captopril, respectively. Concentrations of ADMA, L-arginine, nitric oxide(NO), endothelin(ET) and the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) in conditioned medium were measured after 24 h exposure. RESULTS: Concentrations of ADMA, ET and the activity of ACE were increased, while the amount of NO decreased in OFR intervention groups compared with control group. After treatment with captopril, ADMA, ET concentrations and the activity of ACE were decreased, while the amount of NO increased, but the level of L-arginine had no obvious change. CONCLUSIONS: OFR induces endothelial dysfunction through increasing ADMA concentration, while captopril relieves endothelial dysfunction induced by ox-LDL through decreasing ADMA concentration.