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Objective:To analyze clinical characteristics of cosmetics-related adverse reactions and main allergenic components of cosmetics, to provide guidance for cosmetics-related adverse reaction monitoring, and to provide an objective basis for risk assessment.Methods:A total of 512 patients with suspected cosmetic adverse reactions were collected from the outpatient clinic of Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from March 2018 to October 2019, including 14 males and 498 females. A uniform cosmetic adverse reaction report card was filled in, and medical history of patients and related information about the used cosmetics were recorded; 103 patients (3 males and 100 females) were subjected to patch test with their own cosmetics or cosmetic ingredients, and 48- and 72-hour patch test results were combined for comprehensive determination and analysis.Results:Among the 512 cases of suspected cosmetic adverse reactions, contact dermatitis (495 cases, 96.7%) was the most common manifestation. Cosmetic adverse reactions mainly manifested as erythema (501 cases, 97.9%), papules (313, 61.1%), edema (249, 48.6%), and scaling (166, 32.4%) ; main symptoms included itching (480, 93.8%), burning sensation (359, 70.1%), and tense sensation (297, 58.0%). Patch test with cosmetic ingredients showed positive reactions in 71 of 103 cases, and thimerosal was the allergen mostly liable to cause adverse reactions (31 cases, 30.1%), followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (29 cases, 28.2%), Peru balsam (17 cases, 16.5%), bronopol (12 cases, 11.7%) and triethanoamine (10 cases, 9.7%). The cosmetic allergens were divided into 14 categories, and the top 4 categories with high positive patch test rates were emulsifiers (54 cases, 45.8%), preservatives (47 cases, 39.8%), fragrances (17 cases, 14.4%) and surfactants (10 cases, 8.5%). Positive patch test reactions were observed in 2 males and 69 females, and there was no significant difference in the positive rate between males and females (2/3 vs. 69/100, χ2 = 0.01, P > 0.05) ; there was also no significant difference in the positive rate among the groups aged 18 - 29 years (34%), 30 - 49 years (34%) and 50 - 70 years (32.4%; χ2 = 0.693, P > 0.05) . Conclusions:Contact dermatitis is the most common adverse reaction to cosmetics. Among the diverse allergenic components of cosmetics, thimerosal is the allergen that is mostly liable to cause adverse reactions, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate, Peru balsam, bronopol and triethanoamine.
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Objective:To screen and evaluate sunscreen cosmetics for sensitive facial skin.Methods:From June to August in 2019, 40 subjects with positive lactic acid sting test were recruited from the staff of Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, and subjected to human skin closed patch testing with 4 kinds of sunscreen cosmetics for sensitive skin (marked as products Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ respectively) separately. Then, the 40 subjects were equally divided into 2 groups to apply 2 sunscreen products with relatively higher safety (according to the above closed patch testing results) on the face respectively. Erythema, edema and desquamation were evaluated at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks after application of the 2 products, and non-invasive measurement methods were used to detect transepidermal water loss (TEWL) , stratum corneum hydration, skin melanin content and skin sebum content. In additon, the 2 products were applied on the back of the subjects separately, and an ultraviolet solar simulator was used to determine the sun protection factor (SPF, n = 12) and protection factor of UVA (PFA, n = 11) . Measurement data were compared using paired t test and one-way analysis of variance, and nonparametric data were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results:Patch testing showed that only 1 subject developed a grade 1 reaction to the sunscreen product Ⅲ, no subjects showed positive reactions to the product Ⅳ, and the safety of products Ⅲ and Ⅳ was higher than that of the other 2 products. Subjective safety evaluation revealed that the degree of erythema after 4-week application of products Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly lower than that before application (Wilcoxon signed rank test, Z = 4.73, 4.82 respectively, both P < 0.05) . Objective efficacy evaluation revealed that the TEWL, stratum corneum hydration and skin melanin content significantly differed among different time points (baseline, after 2- and 4-week application of products Ⅲ and Ⅳ, all P < 0.05); after 4-week application of products Ⅲ and Ⅳ, the TEWL (30.05 ± 1.47, 30.37 ± 1.28 respectively) and skin melanin content (112.58 ± 7.34, 103.47 ± 5.48 respectively) were significantly lower than those before application (all P < 0.05) , and the stratum corneum hydration (62.35 ± 2.67, 63.72 ± 2.54 respectively) was significantly higher than that before application (both P < 0.05) . At week 4, the skin melanin content was significantly lower in the product Ⅳ group (103.47 ± 5.48) than in the product Ⅲ group (112.58 ± 7.34, t = 8.45, P < 0.05) . The SPF and PFA values of the product Ⅳ (51.8 ± 2.9, 10.1 ± 1.2 respectively) were both significantly higher than those of the product Ⅲ (31.5 ± 2.6, 7.4 ± 0.7, t = 15.34, 24.66, respectively, both P < 0.05) . Conclusion:Comprehensive application of closed patch testing, long-term application test and sun protection index determination can be used to screen and evaluate the safety and efficacy of sunscreen cosmetics for sensitive facial skin.
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Objective To clone NT-3 gene from normal rat brain and to purify its fusion protein and to prepare specific high titer antibody so that to provide a foundation for further study for peripheral nerve injury.MethodsWe amplified target gene by RT-PCR and cloned it into the vector of pMD-18T,then analyzed its sequence and compared it with the sequence from GenBank.We subcloned it into pRSET-A vector and introduced it into Escherichia coli BL21.The expression was induced by IPTG,and identified by SDS-PAGE.The fusion protein was purified by niccolum purify kit.We immuned rabbits with immunological adjuvant for specificity antibody preparation.Results We got a 777 bp gene segment by RT-PCR.The DNA sequence was identical to rat NT-3 gene sequence in GenBank.It proved that the target gene was correctly inserted into the vector.A new protein band of about 34 ku appeared on SDS-PAGE after induction of IPTG.A specific high titer antibody of 1∶64000 was gained by immunizing rabbits with adjuvant.
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[Objective]On May 12,2008,an over 8.0-magnitude earthquake occurred in Wenchuan county,Sichuan province,China.The anthor's field hospital was deployed to An county,which arrived on the 3rd day after the disaster.During the first week of the deployment,284 victims with musculoskeletal injuries received orthopedic management.The objective of this article is to highlight the experience gained by this author's medical assistance team,focusing on the orthopedic care in the early part of the post-disaster relief activities.[Method]Records of 284 patients who underwent orthopedic management were reviewed retrospectively.[Result]There were a large number of musculoskeletal injuries amongst the survivors in the acute phase of the disaster,including spinal trauma,fractures and dislocations,peripheral nerve injuries and soft tissue injuries.The average age was 49.3 years(range,11 to 92 years) with 133 men and 151 women.The patients with upper extremity fracture were 85,with lower extremity fracture 73,with spinal fracture 23,with shoulder or hip dislocation 7.The patients with hand or foot injuries,peripheral nerve injuries and soft tissue injuries were 96.Open injuries were 67,the remaining were closed injuries.Totally 131 patients recovered,and the rest were transferred to the rear hospital for further management.The X-ray postoperatively showed that 21 open fractures were reduced functionally by means of external fixator,and the shoulder or hip dislocations were reduced anatomically.The wounds with primary suture had no infection.There were no other complications.[Conclusion]Correct diagnsis of the injuries,providing scientific and resonable therapeutic measures,and correct operative indication should be emphasized for early orllopedic care.Definitive surgeries such as open reduction and internal fixation are not recommended strongly.External fixation for post-earthquake open fractures is simple and effective,allowing simple approach to wound care and transferring to rear hospital during the whole period of fixation.
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[Objective]To investigate the morphological changes of the roof of the subacromial bursa and the extent of involvement of the subacromial bursa after rotator cuff tear.[Method]For the experimental group,the roof of the subacromial bursa was obtained from patients with rotator cuff tear both at the tear site and 2.5 to 3.0 cm distal to the tear site during surgery of rotator cuff repair.For the control group,the roof of the subacromial bursa was obtained during surgery of recurrent shoulder dislocation or humeral shaft fracture at the exposure site.The specimens were processed for histological staining,immunohistochemical analysis and for transmission electron microscopy.The number of cells were quantitated by counting cells with blue-stained nucleus in the subacromial bursa using a computer image analysis system.[Result]The number of cells increased significantly in the roof of the subacromial bursa obtained from both sites,the tear site and the distal site,in the patients with rotator cuff tear,compared with the normal bursa(P
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Objective The articular neurohistology is a new approach to explore stabilized and chronic pain mechanisms for joint research. Furthermore, the distribution of mechanoreceptors and their functional condition play an important role in the movement and stability of joint. The animal experimental study suggest that there is a various characteristics of the type and amount of mechanoreceptors in different joints. Pacini corpuscle, Ruffini corpuscle and Golgi tendon organs as joint mechanoreceptors are widely distributed on nearly all of human joint, and have impact on stabilization of joint. The present investigates the neurohistological features of Pacini corpuscle, Ruffini corpuscle and Golgi tendon organs in the rotator cuff and the capsule, and explores their behaviors for maintaining stability of the shoulder joint. Methods Six rotator cuffs and capsules of shoulder joint were obtained from cadavers died of the accident. The tendinous tissue of subscapularis, supraspinatus、infraspinatus, and teres minis were resected from the interface of tendon and muscle to great and lesser tuberosity of humerus, the capsule tissues of glenohumeral were harvested as well. Then, the tissues were cut into a small fragments fixed with the formalin buffer solution, and embed in paraffin. The section was made along the longitudinal axis of the tendon at 150 ?m interval with Leitz 1516 machine. The modified Bielschowsky staining and the S-100 immuohistochemical staining were adopted to observe the mechanoreceptors of Pacini corpuscle, Ruffini corpuscle and Golgi tendon organs. The distribution density and size of the sensitive nerve endings were analyzed with Leica imaging process system. Results The tendinous part of rotator cuff could be divided into three layers: synovial, intermediate and articular layer. The morphology of the these three types of mechanoreceptors, Pacini corpuscle, Ruffini corpuscle and Golgi tendon organs, could be identified clearly in the every layer of the tendious tissues under microscopic examination. Pacini corpuscle was ellipse and had multi layer capsule with the thickness of 20-40 ?m; Ruffini corpuscle was columnar and 350-550 ?m in size; Most of Golgi tendon organs were found at the interface of tendon and muscle. Among of them, the Pacini corpuscle and Ruffini corpuscle were much more than the Golgi tendon organs in rotator cuff and capsule of shoulder. The results of immuohistochemical staining and the counting of nerve ending assisted by the computer showed the number of sensory nerve endings in the subscapularis, supraspinatus and anterior capsule of the shoulder were much more than in the infraspinatus, teres minis and posterior capsule. The diameter of nerve bundle in the subscapularis, supraspinatus and anterior capsule was thicker than in the other periarticular structures. In periarticular structures, the mean value of nerve fiber counting were 25 in infraspinatus, 25 in supraspinatus, 13 in subscapularis, 10 in teres minis, 22 in anterior capsule and 12 in posterior capsule. Conclusion Shoulder capsule and rotator cuff are rich in the three type of mechanoreceptors, Pacini corpuscle, Ruffini corpuscle and Golgi tendon organs. However, there are a different distribution density and size of them in rotator cuff and capsule of shoulder, but the three of mechanoreceptors are mainly concentrated in the subscapularis, supraspinatus and the anterior capsule. S-100 immuohistochemical staining is much more sensitive than the modified Bielschowsky silver staining in displaying the innervations of the rotator cuff and capsule. The characters of the sensory nerve ending distribution in shoulder imply that the innervations of the shoulder play an important role in keeping the stability and mobility of the shoulder.
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Objective To investigate the expression of neurotrophin- 3 (NT- 3) gene in Schwann cells (SCs) of rat sciatic nerve introduced by adenovir al vector in vivo. Methods Recombinant adenoviral vector for NT- 3 was propagat ed in 293 packaging cells and was titered by tissue culture infections dose 50 ( TCID50) method. Ad- NT- 3 was injected intraneurally into the rat sciatic nerv e following axotomy of the sciatic nerve which was repaired after the immediate injury. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to determine the expression of NT- 3 in SCs in rat sciatic nerve, and the expressive intensity difference was measured with LEICA M550 imagine analysis system on the tissue slides. Results Two days after injection of NT- 3 into the rat nerve, positive stain in the SCs were apparent in the vicinity of anastomosis. There was significant increase of the amount of NT- 3 expression 7 days following injection of Ad- NT- 3 (vs. 2 days group P0.05). Compared with the 2 days group, the 14 and 28 days groups still maintained a relatively high leve l of NT- 3 (P