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Objective To explore the prognostic factors of the pathological complete response of internal mammary lymph node (ipCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and its effect on breast cancer prognosis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 70 patients with primary breast cancer with internal mammary lymph node metastasis who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients were divided into the ipCR group and non-ipCR group based on their postoperative pathology. χ2 test, Fisher, and Logistic regression were used for univariate and multivariate analysis. Meanwhile, the Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression were used for prognostic analysis. Results Of 70 patients, 31 obtained ipCR (44.3%). Univariate analysis showed that the expression levels of apCR, HR, and HER2 status were related to ipCR (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that age, apCR, and HER2 status were independent predictors of ipCR (P < 0.05). The average DFS of ipCR group was better than non-ipCR group (96.0 vs. 67.1 months, P < 0.05). The risk of recurrence and metastasis was 87% lower in the ipCR group than in the non-ipCR group (HR=0.13, 95%CI: 0.04-0.44, P < 0.01). ipCR, Ki67 expression level, and breast pCR (bpCR) were independent factors affecting patients' prognosis. Conclusion There is a correlation between clinico pathological factors and ipCR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. ipCR can be used to predict the prognosis of patients with internal mammary lymph node metastasis.
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Objective To systematically evaluate the risk of primary lung cancer in breast cancer patients. Methods A computer-based search was conducted for the English literatures about the risk of primary lung cancer in breast cancer patients in Medline, Scopus and Embase databases. Two researchers independently screened the literatures, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. The statistical analysis was performed using the Stata 15.5 software. Results A total of 7 references were included, and the overall risk of primary lung cancer in female breast cancer patients was slightly higher than that in the general population (SIR: 1.18, 95%CI: 1.09-1.27). Subgroup analysis showed that the risk of lung cancer was significantly increased in women aged < 50 years after diagnosis of breast cancer (SIR: 1.99, 95%CI: 1.48-2.69). Conclusion Compared with the general population, the risk of primary lung cancer is increased in female breast cancer patients, especially in young women with breast cancer.
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Objective To clarify the relationship between endocrine treatment compliance and medication beliefs of estrogen receptor-positive (ER +) breast cancer patients. Methods Totally 219 patients who were diagnosed as breast cancer and received endocrine therapy in a tertiary hospital were investigated using general condition questionnaire, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire(BMQ)by means of face to face,telephone,WeChat.Data analysis was conducted by SPSS 19.0. Results The score of universal beliefs for ER+breast cancer patients was(13.38±5.35) points.The score of the necessary perception was(9.98±4.69)points.The score of the adverse effects of medication was (5.35 ± 2.67) points. The drug compliance score was (5.82 ± 2.15) points.The correlation coefficient of the medication beliefs and the endocrine treatment compliance was 0.578.The Pearson correlation coefficient of each dimension and the total questionnaire was 0.411 to 0.456. Conclusions For ER+breast cancer patients, the higher the medication beliefs is, the better the endocrine treatment compliance is.So it is provided an insight that nurses should enhance the ER +breast cancer patients′medication beliefs in order to get a better and longer survival life.
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Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in China. With increasing of the incidence and mortality, the harm to women is becoming much serious. Estrogen positive patients need to take 5-10 years′ endocrine drugs to prolong survival and prevent recurrence. Endocrine therapy has become one of the most common and effective methods in the treatment of breast cancer. In order to achieve the desired effect of cancer treatment, reduce cancer metastasis and recurrence rate, good compliance is essential. In conclusion, this review summarizes the evaluation of compliance, various evaluation tools and their use.
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BACKGROUND: Due to lack of the distribution of vessels and nerve, self-repairing capability of articular cartilage tissue is poor after inflammatory erosion.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of melatonin combined with compound betamethasone on the articular cartilage of osteoarthritis (OA) in rats.METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats received intra-articular injection of papain solution for establishing knee OA models.Meanwhile, 20 of them underwent constant intensive light condition for establishing pinealectomy models. Ten rats that under pinealectomy were administered melatonin combined with compound betamethasone. Another 10 normal control rats receiving no treatment served as controls. After 4 weeks of treatment, serum melatonin concentrations at 2 a.m. (highest melatonin concentration within circadian rhythms) and 2 p.m. (lowest melatonin concentration within circadian rhythms) were detected by ELISA. At the same time, all rats were sacrificed to collect femoral condyle cartilage for gross observation.After decalcification and toluidine blue staining, articular cartilage lesions were evaluated based on Mankin scores.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After OA model was created, cartilage surface was uneven, lost their luster, the chondrocytes were poorly arranged, severe loss of staining was observed, serum level of melatonin was decreased, and circadian change was unobvious. Constant intensive light condition further aggravated cartilage damage. After treatment by melatonin combined with compound betamethasone, softened cartilage disappeared, there were more regular chondrocytes arrangement, and dispersed chondrocytes and loss of staining were gradually decreased. In addition, there was significant difference in Mankin scores of toludine blue staining among groups (P ＜ 0.05). These findings indicate that melatonin combined with compound betamethasone can restrain the progression of cartilage damage.
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Objective To investigate the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression level by chondrocytes isolated from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) in hip or femoral neck fracture (FNF) and explore the effect of synovial fluid from OA or FNF on secretion of VEGF. Methods The cartilage tissues were collected from 12 patients with OA in hip and 8 patients with FNF. Cartilage was stained with HIM and Safranin O/Fast Green (S/F) method. The damage of cartilage was evaluated using Mankin scores.Cathepsin B which was selected for cell dedifferentiation monitoring marker and VEGF level was detected in the supernatant fluid. The synovial fluid from OA, FNF and DMEM were respectively added to the culture medium to explore their effects on regulating VEGF. Results Cartilage the Mankin scores of OA group were higher than that of FNF group. Chondrocytes gradually lost their original spherical appearance, with Cathepsin B upregulated while VEGF downregulated. The OA synovial fluid can stimulate chongdrocytes to secrete more VEGF than the one from patients with FNF. However, chondrocytes gradually produced less VEGF after passaging. Conclusion Mankin scores had good correlation with chondrocytes' VEGF production in the early stage of primary culture. Chondrocytes showed quick dedifferentiation characteristics in vitro. OA synovial fluid showed abig ger capability in stimulating chondrocytes to express more VEGF, which might indicate that OA synovial fluid participated in the pathological process of OA.
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[Objective] To explore the change of biomechanics about human tendon with"?"irradiated which was universal used by domestic and foreign.[Methods]Twenty-four upper limb tendon of human with the same length were divided into two groups,group A(12):nonirradiated group,group B(12):2.5 Mrad gamma irradiated group.Material properties and structural properties were determined with WDW-3020 electron universal testing machine.[Results]The mean length of the tendon was 99.15% of control,the elongation to failure was 93.46%,the linear stiffness was 95.27%,the energy to maximum force was 93.60%,the maximum stress was 84.88%,the strain to failure was 85.82%,the linear modulus was 90.40%,the strain energy density to maximum was 66.73%.Difference was noted after compared hetween group A and B(P