ABSTRACT
Background: Anti liver kidney microsome antibodies (LKM-1) have been recently incorporated to the study and classification of chronic autoimmune hepatitis (HC-A1). The presence of anti LKM-1 antibodies and essential cryoglobulinemia is frequent in virus C associated chronic hepatitis (HC-VC). Aim: To study the frequency of anti LKM-1 antibodies and cryoglobulin levels in patients with HC-AI, HC-VC and cryptogenic cirrhosis. Patients and methods: Forty two patients were studied. Nineteen adult women with classic HC-AI with positive antinuclear or anti smooth muscle antibodies. Five patients of less than 20 years old with HC-AI and negative antinuclear and anti smooth muscle antibodies. Ten adult women with cryptogenic cirrhosis, 4 women and 4 men with HC-VC. Serum samples were obtained at 37C. Antinuclear, anti smooth muscle and anti LKM-1 antibodies were measured by indirect immunofluorescence using Hep-2 cells and rat tissue slices as substrates. Cryoglobulins were determined by the traditional method and cryocrit. Results: All studied patients were anti LKM-1 negative. All had significant circulating cryoglobulin levels. Conclusions: In this sample of patients with HC-AI or HC-VC, anti LKM-1 antibodies were not detected but all had cryoglobulinemia
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Hepatitis, Autoimmune/immunology , Cryoglobulinemia/diagnosis , Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology , Biomarkers/analysisABSTRACT
En esta revisión se describen los virus hepatotropos actualmente conocidos, su epidemiología con referencia especial a los datos nacionales relativos a los virus A, B, C y E; su historia natural y sus aspectos clínicos más relevantes. Se enfatizan, además los diferentes marcadores virales serológicos, para el diagnóstico de infección aguda o crónica. Se incluyen también los diferentes tratamientos y las medidas de prevención (pasivas o activas) recomendadas actualmente
Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/etiology , Hepatitis Antigens , Flaviviridae/drug effects , Flaviviridae/pathogenicity , Hepacivirus/drug effects , Hepacivirus/pathogenicity , Hepatitis B virus/drug effects , Hepatitis B virus/pathogenicity , Hepatitis Delta Virus/drug effects , Hepatitis Delta Virus/pathogenicity , Hepatitis E virus/drug effects , Hepatitis E virus/pathogenicity , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/drug therapy , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/epidemiology , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/prevention & control , Hepatovirus/drug effects , Hepatovirus/isolation & purification , Hepatovirus/pathogenicityABSTRACT
In 1989, the main agent causing non A non B hepatitis was identified as a RNA virus of the flavivirus family, with several serotypes, and was denominated virus C. At the present moment, the knowledge about the infection features and diseases that it causes has expanded thanks to the availability of reliable laboratory techniques to detect the antibody and the virus. The prevalence of infection and the frequency of serotypes varies in different regions of the world. Chile is a country with a low prevalence. The detection of infected blood in blood banks has reduced the spreading of the disease. Other means of infection such as the use of intravenous drugs, hemodialysis and transplantation have acquired greater importance. Sexual, maternal and familial transmission is exceptional. Infected people develop an acute hepatitis, generally asymptomatic. Eighty percent remain with a chronic hepatic disease, that can be mild or progressive, evolving to cirrhosis or hepatic carcinoma. Chronic hepatitis, closely resembling an autoimmune disease, can be caused by the virus. Alcohol intake increases viral activity causing severe hepatic diseases, refractory to treatments. Several non hepatic diseases are associated to hepatitis C virus infection such as essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, porphyria cutanea tarda, dysglobulinemias and probably type 2 diabetes mellitus. The only available treatment is interferon, that is successful in a minority of patients, frequently causing a transient improvement. The use of ribaravine associated to interferon improve the effectiveness of therapy. Liver transplantation is the only therapy for severe hepatic disease. The use of new antiviral drugs should improve the prognosis of the disease