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Objective Optimizing the extraction process of prescription medicinal materials of hospital preparation of compound Yangshe granules. Methods A high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) quantitative method was established for deacetyl asperulosidicacid methyl ester (DME) and ferulic acid (FC) of the active ingredient. Based on the content of DME, FC and the yield of extract, the extraction process of compound Yangshe granule extract was optimized using central composite design-response surface methodology. Results The established HPLC method of quantification of active components in compound Yangshe granules met the requirements of method validation. The optimal extraction process optimized by central composite design-response surface methodology were as follows: the weight of extraction solvent was 12 times of the medicinal slices, the alcohol concentration was 73% and the extraction time was 60 min. Conclusion In this study, the quantitative method of active components in compound Yangshe granule by HPLC has been successfully established, and the optimized extraction process is simple and easy to operate with good repeatability.
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Objective Colon-targeting capsules based on gastric pellets and enteric pellets were prepared from Baizhu Huanglian prescription. The formulation composition and preparation process were optimized and the in-vitro release characteristics were investigated. Methods Optimum formulation composition and process parameters of Baizhu Huanglian pellets were screened out by single factor experiment and orthogonal design. The pellets core were prepared by extrusion-spheronization technique and coated in the fluid bed using bottom spray coating technique. To investigate the effect of coating level of the isolation layer, the proportion of polymer, the amount of plasticizer and weight gain of enteric coating on the release behavior of the enteric pellets. The pellets release behavior was fitted by model as well. Results The prescription of gastric pellets was drug loading 50%, PVPP 5%, MCC to lactose 1∶2 and wetting agent 40%. The process parameters were extrusion frequency 20 Hz, rounding speed 500 r/min and rounding time 5 min. The prescription of enteric pellets was drug loading 27%, PVPP 5%, MCC to lactose 5∶2, wetting agent 30% and adhesive 20%. The process parameters were extrusion frequency 20 Hz, rounding speed 700 r/min and rounding time 7 min. For enteric coating layer, the coating mixture of EUDRAGIT®L30D-55 to EUDRAGIT® FS30D was 1∶2. The amount of plasticizer was 10%. The increased weight of coating layer was 15%. The release time of enteric pellets in-vitro was up to 24 hours. The release behavior of the pellets conforms to the Higuchi model. Conclusion The colon targeting capsule of Baizhu Huanglian pellets were successfully prepared and showed the characteristics of sustained release and colon targeting.
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Objective To investigate the extraction process of Yuchang granules .Methods The extraction process was optimized by orthogonal experiment based on the content of berberine ,atractylodes lactone Ⅰ and the extraction yield .Results Through the visual analysis of orthogonal experiment ,the analysis of variance and the verification experiments ,the optimum extraction process was obtained as follows :extracting 1 h for twice with 10 times water of medicinal herbs and the 70％ ethanol depositing concentration .Conclusion This process is consistent and feasible .It is a simple and convenient method to extract Yuchang granules .
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This study was aimed to analyze the bioinformatics of proteomics of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) intervened by active principle region of Yang-Xin Tong-Mai Formula (apr-YTF). The latest versions of bioinformatics tools including DAVID (http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/) and GO (http://www.geneontology.org/) were combined to assign a precise function to rat bone marrow MSCs intervened by apr-YTF. KEGG and VISANT were assigned with a precise function to rat bone marrow MSCs intervened by apr-YTF. The results showed that a total of 102 biological processes were mainly involved, with 35 cellular components and 6 molecular functions. These proteins interacted in 3 signal transduction pathways. It was concluded that the following proteins and signal transduction pathways played an important role in the process of apr-YTF inducing BMSCs differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Presenilin-1 and Presenilin-2 were in the Notch signaling pathway. And syntaxin-4 protein was in soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein attachment protein (SNARE). The apr-YTF played a role on MSCs from multiple sites, with multiple links through different biological processes. The bioinformatics of proteomics can predict action mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from the holism concept. The validation in combination with molecularbiology was a good way for TCM modernization.
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Objective To study the efficacy and safety of oral calcium carbonate suspension and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in symptoms relief of acid related diseases.Methods The multi-center,randomized and controlled study was carried out.A total of 400 acid-related diseases patients from 14 to 70 years old with at least one of moderate or severe symptoms such as acid regurgitation,epigastric pain,epigastric discomfort,upper abdominal burning or distension were equally divided into two groups and treated with oral calcium carbonate suspension or omeprazole enteric-coated tablets.The onset of symptoms relief of all patients of the first time after taking medicine was observed.The relief of clinical symptoms at the third day and seventh day after taking medicine was also observed.The adverse events were recorded.Analysis of variance was performed for statistical analysis.Results The onset of symptoms relief of oral calcium carbonate suspension group in acid regurgitation,epigastric pain,epigastric discomfort,upper abdominal burning or distension of the first time after taking medicine were significantly faster than those of PPI group (F=4.866,8.142,41.366,6.955,35.252; all P＜0.05).At the third day after taking medicine,the treatment efficiency of oral calcium carbonate suspension group and PPI group were 69.50％ and 72.50％,and at the seventh day the treatment efficiency of oral calcium carbonate suspension group and PPI group were 92.00％ and 96.50％.There was no significant difference in treatment efficiency and comprehensive efficacy between two groups at day three and seven after taking medicine (both P＞ 0.05).There were 14 cases of mild adverse events and two cases of moderate adverse events in oral calcium carbonate suspension group.There were 10 cases of mild adverse events in PPI group.There was no significant difference between two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Oral calcium carbonate suspension provides faster symptom relief than PPI and can effectively improve the symptoms of acid-related diseases.
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Investigation of the pharmacokinetics of paeonol microemulsion, microemulsion-based gels and marketed paeonol ointments by the skin-blood synchronous microdialysis coupled with LC/MS is reported in this study. The microdialysis systems were established by linear probes and concentric circles probes. In vivo recovery of paeonol in skin is (69.7 +/- 4.8) % and in blood is (51.6 +/- 7.2)%. The paeonol microemulsion, microemulsion-based gels and marketed paeonol ointments were administered to rats. PBS (pH 7.4) served as perfused solution. The perfusion rate was 5 microL x mL(-1) and the microdialysis samples were collected every 20 min intervals. The paeonol concentration in perfused solution was determined by LC/MS. The results showed that paeonol microemulsion and microemulsion-based gels significantly raised the drug concentrations in skin more than that of paeonol ointments. The paeonol microemulsion-based gels has similar bioavailability as the paeonol ointments in blood, but its blood drug concentrations were steadier. The paeonol microemulsion-based gels may be developed into a new preparation for dermis eczema. The skin-blood synchronous microdialysis technique proved to be a new method for the pharmacokinetics study of transdermal delivery systems.
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Objective To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of heterotopic pancreas in gastrointestinal tract. Methods A total of 60 cases of heterotopic pancreas in gastrointestinal tract diagnosed through endoscopic ultrasonography and pathological examination were treated in our hospital in the recent 10 years. Their data were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among all the 60 patients, the lesions were located in duodenal bulb cavity in 3 cases, in duodenal descendent in 2 cases, in gastric angle in 3 cases,in the junction of gastric antrum and corpus ventriculi in 2 cases and in gastric antrum in 50 cases. All of the 60 patients were definitely diagnosed through endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography and pathological examination. 28 patients were treated by endoscopic high-frequency electronic resection, 2 patients were treated by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), 30 patients were treated by surgical operation; no operative complication was found, and satisfactory clinical effects had been observed in these patients. Conclusions Endoscopic ultrasonography has great value in the diagnosis and endoscopic therapy of heterotopic pancreas in gastrointestinal tract. It can provide the guide for the choice of treatment. Minimally invasive endoscopic treatment is safe and effective for heterotopic pancreas and has great clinical value.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) on allergy contact dermatitis (ACD) in mice.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The model of ACD was sensitized and challenged by 1% dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB).48 SPF grade mice were divided into 6 groups randomly: a control group, a model group, three dosage groups and a positive group. The drug was injected through vena caudalis. The change of ear's swelling and the scores of ear's thickness and erythema of each mouse was observed. The level of INF-gamma, IgE, IL-4 in serum was detected by ELISA method. Then the pathologic change of mice ears was using HE staining examined under light microscope.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>MgIG could decrease (P < 0.05) the ear's swelling, the scores of ear's thickness and erythema, and INF-gamma and IgE level in mice serum. It was observed that MgIG could significantly alleviate the infiltrate of inflam cell and the hemangiectasis in ear tissue.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Certain concentration of MgIG has significant therapeutic effect on ACD in mice. Therapeutic mechanism of MgIG may be relevant with the suppression of INF-gamma and IgE.</p>
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Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact , Drug Therapy , Allergy and Immunology , Interleukin-4 , Allergy and Immunology , Mice, Inbred ICR , Random Allocation , Saponins , TriterpenesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Some studies have showed that after indirect co-culture, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into myocardial cells and hepatocypte-like cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) to differentiate into hepatocytes by co-culture with human hepatocyte line LO2 in vitro.METHODS: Full-term umbilical cord blood samples were obtained sterilely. The UCB-MSCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and directly adherence growth, then passaged with trypsin digestion at 80% cell fusion. By utilizing cell culture plate insets with microporous membrane combined with 6-well plate, the LO2-/UCB-MSCs co-culture system was established. UCB-MSCs were plated into the wells of 6-well plate at a density of 1×10~7/L. LO2 cells were plated into the cell culture plate insert at a density of 1×10~5/L. UCB-MSCs were plated in both layers in the control group. Surface markers of adhered cells were detected by flow cytometry. Morphological changes of UCB-MSCs were observed by inverted phase contrast microscopy. mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcriptase PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: HUCB MSCs expressed CD44 and CD29 strongly, but CD34 and CD45 were expressed negatively. After 5 days, fusiform-shaped cells were reduced in the co-culture group; while, the time passing by, cells shaped irregular round or polygonal were increased, which were similar to hepatocytes. At 4 weeks after culture, UCB-MSCs were still fusiform-shaped in the control group. At day 5 after culture, alpha fetoprotein mRNA expressed positively, but other expressed negatively in the co-culture group; at day 14 after culture, cytokeratin-19 mRNA and albumin mRNA expressions were observed; moreover, with the time passing by, the expression of albumin mRNA was increased, but the expression of alpha fetoprotein-19 mRNA was decreased. Antigenic expressions in the control group were negative. This suggested that UCB-MSCs could differentiate into hepatocypte-like cells by co-culture with human hepatocyte line LO2 in vitro.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare paeonol microemulsion and microemulsion gel, and investigate its content, physical and chemical properties. Their transdermal properties in vitro were studied as well.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>IPM acted as oil phase, lecithin/APG as surfactant, 1,2-propanediol as cosurfactant, water was added dropwise to the oil phase to prepare paeonol microemulsion at room temperature using magnetic stirring. HPLC method were used to determine the content of paeonol in paeonol microemulsion. Transmission electron microscopy and laser particle size analyzer were used to determine the shape and size of the microemulsion. Carbopol 940 was uesd as substrate to prepare paeonol microemulsion gel. Franz diffusion cell was used for characterizing the microemulsion and gel transdermal properties in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The paeonol microemulsion was O/W microemulsion. Its uniform particle size was 32 nm and was with roundness appearance and stable content. The steady-state permeation rates of paeonol saturated aqueous solution, microemulsion, and microemulsion gel were 47.846, 103.760, 70.401 microg x cm(-2) x h(-1), and their 12 h cumulative amount of infiltration were 657.179, 1 266.484, 881.217 microg x cm(-2), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 12 h cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate of paeonol microemulsion and microemulsion gel are better than the saturated aqueous solution. Paeonol microemulsion gel is a new dosage form for transdermal drug delivery.</p>
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Acetophenones , Pharmacokinetics , Drug Carriers , Chemistry , Drug Delivery Systems , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacokinetics , Emulsions , Chemistry , Gels , Chemistry , Models, Biological , Skin AbsorptionABSTRACT
Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of percutaneous transhepatic variceal em-bolization (PTVE) with Cyanoacrylate(TH glue) with that of endoscopic variceal ligatien (EVL) in the treatment of esophageal varlceal bleeding. Methods In this prospective randomized controlled trial, cirrhot-ic patients with acute or recent esophageal variceal bleeding were assigned randomly to PTVE (n = 52) or EVL (n=50) groups. Variants including upper gastrointestinal (UGI) re-bleeding, esophageal variceal re-bleeding, relapse of esophageal variees and survival were evaluated. Results During the follow-up (median 24 and 25 months in the PTVE and EVL groups, respectively), UGI re-bleeding developed in 8 patients (15. 4%) in PTVE group and in 21 (42%) in EVL group (X2 =8. 87, P=0. 005). Recurrent esophageal varices bleeding occurred in 3 patients (5. 8%) in FIVE group and 12 (24%) in EVL group (X2 =5.38, P =0. 012, relative risk 0. 24, 95% confidence interval 0. 05 -0. 74). Reccurent rates of esophageal vari-ces in two groups were 17.3% (9/52) and 52% (26/50), respectively (X2 =13.61, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in survival rate between two groups (X2 = 3.30, P = 0. 054). Conclusion With sufficient embolization of lower esophageal and pefi-esophngeal varices and/or the cardial submucosal and perforating vessels, PTVE was more effective than EVL in the management of esophageal varices recur-rence and re-bleeding.
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Objective To evaluate the use of magnifying endoscopy combined with narrow band im-aging (NBI) system in diagnosis of early gastric cancer. Methods From March 2008 to December in 2008, a total of 56 patients with suspected gastric mucosal lesions were enrolled in the study. The lesions were ob-served with magnifying endoscopy combined with NBI and indigo-earmine-chromoendoscopy, and the results were compared with pathologic diagnosis from targeted biopsies. Results Out of 56 patients, 16 were diag-nosed as early gastric cancer pathologically. The accordance rate with the pathological diagnosis, sensibility, specificity, false positive rate and false negative rate of the magnifying endoscopy combined with NBI system were 94.6% (53/56), 93. 8% (15/16), 95.0% (38/40), 5.0% (2/40) and 6. 3% (1/16), respec-tively; while those of chromoendoscopy were 91.1% (51/56), 87. 5% (14/16), 92. 5% (37/40), 7. 5% (3/40) and 12. 5% (2/16), respectively (P >0.05). There was no difference between NBI and chro-moendoscopy in regarding of observing pit pattern, however, NBI was superior in displaying intrapapillary capillary loop. Conclusion Combination of magnifying endoscopy and NBI provides clear images of gas-tric mucosa and intrapapillary capillary, which is useful in diagnosis of early gastric cancer and can improve accuracy of biopsy. When combined with chromoendoscopy, it can further improve the yield of diagnosis.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneouse trans-hepatic Cyanoacrylate (TH glue) embolization for gastric varices. Methods TH glue was injected into the gastric varices and its feeder veins in 30 patients. The endoscopy was performed at 1 week and every 3 months after the procedure, while the CT and portal vein angiography were performed at 3 months and every 6 months after the procedure to e-valuate the oblitazation results. Results The effective rate of treatment was 100%. A total of 21 patients were followed up in a mean period of 27.9 months (11-33 months) with a recurrence rate of varices at 14. 29% (3/21). Portal hypertensive gastropathy was observed in 17 patients (80. 95%), and to-bleeding occurred in 2 patients (9. 52%) due to portal hypertensive gastropathy. CT and portal vein angiography dis-played TH glue in fundic peripheral veins, perforating veins in the gastric wall and other feeding veins with-out re-ciroulation or new branches after embolization. Conclusion Peroutaneous trans-hepatic TH glue is a-ble to embolize the gastric varices and its feeding veins, which is feasible and effective in treatment of gastric varices.
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Objective To study the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells induced by a retroviral vector containing antisense human telomerase RNA gene. Methods Sense and antisense telomerase RNA genes were transfected into Can-pan-2 cell line by electroporation,and selected with G418 to get stable transfection and retrovirus yielding cell lines. We transfected Can-pan-2 cell with concentrated retroviral supernatant,and selected with G418 to get stable transfection cell lines,The expression of the aim gene in Can-pan-2 cell was confirmed through PCR,while TRAP-PCR-ELISA was used to determine the telomerase activity,and immunofluorescence was adopted to determine reproductive activity of the infected cells,flow cytometry(FCM)was used to detect cell apoptosis.ResultsThe titer of sense and antisense recombinant retrovirus reached 0.95?106 CFU/mL and 1.1?106 CFU/mL respectively,PCR demonstrated that the telomerase RNA genes were successfully intergrated into the target cells’ genome,The cell growth and telomerase activity of Can-pan-2 were significantly inhibited and apoptosis occurred after antisense virus infection. Conclusion Antisense human telomerase RNA may inhibite telomerase activity of pancreatic cancer cells and promote apoptosis of the cells.
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Aim To explore the expression of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL)between psoriatic patients and healthy subjects.Methods Immunohistochemical staining and Real-Time PCR methods were established to detect the expression of TRAIL.Results Immunohistochemical staining results indicated a significant difference of the expression of TRAIL between psoriatic patients and healthy subjects.Real-Time PCR results indicated that the quantities were 0.42?0.07,1.01?0.16 respectively of two type skins.Thus there were significant differences(P
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) on the ability of 5-fluourouracil (5-FU) to induce apoptosis in the liver carcinoma Bel7402 cell line, and to observe the anti-tumor mechanism and effective adjuvant of 5-FU.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cells were cultured under routine conditions with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) without L-Arginine (L-Arg). We observed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and apoptosis of cells induced by 5-FU with L-Arg added to the medium. The production of nitric oxide was determined by the cell expression of iNOS detected by immunohistochemical staining, and by the concentrations of nitrite and nitrate in the supernatant.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>5-fluourouracil significantly increased the iNOS expression to 0.1687 +/- 0.01968 (P < 0.05, vs control group), and the concentration of nitric oxide to 213 +/- 30.2 micromol/L (P < 0.05, vs control group). The apoptotic cell rate increased significantly to 17.85 +/- 0.78%, while the necrotic cell rate decreased to 3 2.99 +/- 0.83% (P < 0.05,compared with the 5-FU group). N(omega)-nitro-L-Arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), the antagonist of L-Arg, can block the apoptotic effects of endogenous nitric oxide.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>5-FU had a synergistic effects with L-Arg by increasing the production of endogenous nitric oxide. Endogenous nitric oxide plays an important role in the process where 5-FU induces apoptosis in liver carcinoma cells. L-Arg may be a good adjuvant for chemotherapy with 5-FU.</p>
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Humans , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic , Pharmacology , Apoptosis , Arginine , Pharmacology , Fluorouracil , Pharmacology , Immunohistochemistry , Liver Neoplasms , Pathology , Nitric Oxide , Nitric Oxide Synthase , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
Objective To study the relationship between expression of Fas ligand (FasL) in colorectal cancer tissues and apoptosis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Methods FasL protein and its mRNA were measured by immunohistochem istry and in situ hybridization in the consecutive tissue slices of 30 colorecta l cancers respectively. Immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl tra nsferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay (TUNEL) were used to detect the cell count of TIL and the count of TIL being apoptosis in both negative and pos i tive regions of FasL in the consecutive tissue slices of cancers respectively. T UN EL method was used to detect apoptosis of tumor cells among different FasL expre ssion regions. Results ①High expression of FasL was examined in 30 cases of colo rectal cancer; there were expressions of FasL in more than 75% tissues in each slice. ②In the consecutive tissue slices, the location of expression of FasL protein corresponded with that of FasL mRNA. ③FasL expression was not eve n in the same or among different tissues. The cell count of TIL was less in FasL positive region than that in FasL negative region in the same tissue, the latt er be ing as 2.88 times as the former. ④ The cell count of TIL being apoptotic in the positive regions was as 2.13 times as that in the negative ones. ⑤ Apoptotic r ate of tumor cells was higher in FasL negative region (81.2%) than that in FasL positive region (47.4%, P
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[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the clinical and endoscopic manifestations of abdominal type allergic purpura in adult patients as the evidences in reaching early diagnosis. Methods The clinical and endoscopic manifestations of 32 patients with abdominal type allergic purpura were analyzed retrospectively. Re-SllltS All the patients complained of paroxysmal abdominal colic, 59. 4% patients complained of nausea and vomiting, 50% patients had hematochezia and haematemesis, the occult blood test was positive in all patients, and 25% patients had elevated level of amylase in the blood and urine. Purpura was found in 2-10 days after the presentation of abdominal pain. Endoscopy found hyperaemia, edema, bleeding spots, erosion and ulcer in gastroenterologic mucosa. Duodenal, ileum and caecum had more severe mucous lesions, but the esophageal mucosas in all patients were normal. The clinic and endoscopic misdiagnosis rates were 87.5% and 85.7% respectively. Glucocorticoids were the especially effective medicine in its treatment, while those agents for relieving spasm or antacids were ineffective. Conclusion Many scattered bleeding spots and snow flower-like ulcers on the gastrointestinal mucosa are the most important findings in adult abdominal type allergic purpura patients. Clinic manifestations of these patients are very severe abdominal colic in indefinite sites and merely with mild abdominal objective signs is the important characteristic feature.
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Objective To compare the effectiveness and adverse effects among three groups of patients with esophageal achalasia treated with small balloon dilation and/or intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin. Methods Forty-eight patients were divided randomly into three groups, A, B, and C, treated with small balloon dilation, intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin, and combination of these two respectively. At 1 week, 3 months and 1 year after treatment, the clinical scores, lower oesophageal sphincter-ic pressure, and lower oesophageal sphincteric relax rate in three groups were compared. Results At 1 week, 3 months and 1 year after treatment, the effective rates and gaps of pre - and post - treatment LESP and LESRR were higher in group B and C than those in group A. There were no differences between BT group and combination group at 1 week and 3 months, but in 1 year after treatment the effective rates and gaps of LESP and LESRR in combination group were higher than those in BT group. Complications never happened in all groups. Conclusion The combination of small balloon dilation and intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin was the effective procedure with the advantages of lasting longer time, less complications and milder chest pain.
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Objective To investigate the clinic and endosoopic features of left-sided portal hypertension ( LSPH). Methods Eight patients with left-sided portal hypertension were analyzed retrospectively. Results The main manifestations of patients with LSPH were hematemesis, hematochezia, splenomegaly and hypersplenism. The patients have the features of pancreatic disease, but without the evidences of hepatic disease. Solitary gastric varices account for 62. 5% , both gastric and esophageal varices account for 37. 5% . The patients with features of LSPH often mislead to diagnose as blood diseases or portal hypertension resulted from hepatic cirrhosis. Conclusions Pancreatic diseases may lead to portal hypertension, solitary gastric varices were the important evidence of left-sided portal hypertension.