Periodontal Repair on Intrabony Defects treated with BBP(R) / 대한치주과학회지

The ultimate goal of periodontal disease therapy is to promote the regeneration of lost periodontal tissue, there have been many attempts to develop a method to achieve this goal, but none of them was completely successful. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of treatment using BBP(R) with control treated by only modified Widman flap. 22 intrabony defects from 12 patients with chronic periodontitis were used for this study, 10 sites of them were treated with BBP(R) as experimental group and 12 site were treated by only modified Widman flap as control group. Clinical parameters including probing depth, gingival recession, bone probing depth and loss of attachment were recorded at 6 months later, and the significance of the changes was statistically analyzed. The results are as follows: 1. Probing depth of control(delta2.7+/-1.3mm) and experimental group(delta3.6+/-1.8mm) weres reduced with statistically significance(P<0.05), but this changes were not different between the two experiment, control group with statistically significance. 2. Gingival recession showed statistically significant increase in control group(delta2.1+/-1.2mm)(P<0.05), but not in experimental group(delta0.5+/-0.7mm), and this changes were different between the two experiment, control group with statistically significance(P<0.05). 3. Bone probing depth showed statistically significant decrease in experimental group(delta2.9+/-1.0mm)(P<0.05), but not in control group(delta1.1+/-1.4mm), and this changes were different between the two experiment, control group with statistically significance(P<0.05). 4. Loss of attachment showed statistically significant decrease in experimental group(delta3.1+/-1.7mm), but not in control group(delta0.6+/-1.2mm), and this changes were different between the two experiment, control group with statistically significance(P<0.05) On the basis of these results, treatment using BBP(R) improves the probing depth, bone probing depth and loss of attachment in intrabony defects.

The Effects of Enamel Matrix Derivative and Calcium Sulfate Paste on the Healing of 1-Wall Intrabony Defects in Beagle Dogs / 대한치주과학회지

Recently, it was reported that enamel matrix derivative may be beneficial in periodontal regeneration procedures in expectation of promoting new bone and cementum formation. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of enamel matrix derivative(Emdogain?)and Caso4 sulfate paste in 1-wall intrabony defects in beagle dogs. Surgically created 1-wall intrabony defects were randomly assigned to receive root debridement alone or Emdogain(R) or Emdogain(R) and Caso4. Clinical defect size was 4 X 4mm. The control group was treated with root debridement alone,and Experimental group I was treated with enamel matrix derivative application, and Experimental group II was treated with enamel matrix derivative and Caso4 sulfate paste application,. The healing processes were histologically and histometrically observed after 8 weeks and the results were as follows : 1. The length of junctional epithelium was 0.41+/-0.01mm in the control group, 0.42+/-0.08mm in the experimental group I and 0.50+/-0.13mm in the experimental group II. 2. The connective tissue adhesion was 0.28+/-0.02 mm in the control group, 0.13+/-0.08mm in the experimental group I and 0.19+/-0.02 mm in the experimental group II. 3. The new cementum formation was 3.80+/-0.06 mm in the control group, 4.12+/-0.43mm in the experimental group I and 4.34+/-0.71mm in the experimental group II. 4. The new bone formation was 1.43+/-0.03mm in the control group, 1.53+/-0.47 mm in the experimental group I and 2.25+/-1.35mm in the experimental group II. Although there was limitation to present study, the use of enamel matrix derivative in the treatment of periodontal 1-wall intrabony defect enhanced new cementum and bone formation. Caso4 sulfate paste will be the candidate for carriers to deliver enamel matrix derivative, and so enhance the regenerative potency of enamel matrix derivative.

Morphological features of Cyclosprin A-induced Gingival Hyperplasia / 대한치주과학회지

Cyclosporin A(CsA) is now widely used to treat organ transplant recipients. But CsA has various short-and long-term side effects. Especially, gingival hyperplasia is not easy to resolve since its nature is still unknown. This study discusses the pathogenesis of CsA-induced gingival hyperplasia on the basis of data obtained from light and electron microscopic studies of biopsis from patients on CsA treatment after kidney transplantation. Light microscopically, the multilayered squamous epithelium showed an irregular surface of parakeratosis and deep invaginations in the subepithelial tissue. At lamina propria, we observed bundles of irregularly arranged collagen fiber, some fibroblasts, numerous capillary vessels and a large diffuse infiltration of plasma cells. Ultrastructurally, many fibroblasts, collagen fibers, collagen fibrils were present in lamina propria. On the basis of the data collected, we propose that the morphological features of the dimensional increase in gingival tissue associated with CsA treatment in kidney transplant patients may be considered proliferative fibroblasts, collagen fibers, collagen fibrils in lamina propria.

Clinical Study on Therapeutic Effects of Biodegradable membrane Biomesh(R) and autogenous bone grafts in infrabony defects / 대한치주과학회지

The ultimate goal of periodontal disease therapy is to promote the regeneration of lost periodontal tissue, there has been many attempts to develop a method to achieve this goal, but none of them was completely successful. This study was designed to compare the effects of treatment using resorbable barrier membrane(Biomesh?) in combination with autogenous bone graft material with control treated by only modified Widman flap. 22 infrabony defecs from 10 patients with chronic periodontitis were used for this study, 10 sites of them were treated with resorbable barrier membrane and autogenous bone graft material as experimental group and 12 site were treated by only modified Widman flap as control group. Clinical parameters including probing depth, gingival recession, bone probing depth and loss of attachment were recorded at 6-8 months later, and the significance of the changes was statistically analyzed. The results are as follows : 1. Probing depth of the two group was reduced with statistically significance(P<0.05), but this changes were not different between the two experiment, control group with statistically significance. 2. Gingival recession showed statistically significant increase in control group(P<0.05), but not in experimental group, and initial values of the two group were in statistically significant difference(P<0.05). 3. Bone probing depth showed statistically significant decrease in experimental group(P<0.05), but not in control group, and this changes were different between the two experiment, control group with statistically significance(P<0.05). 4. Loss of attachment showed statistically significant decrease in experimental group(P<0.05), but not in control group, and this changes were different between the two experiment, control group with statistically significance(P<0.05) On the basis of these results, treatment using resorbable barrier membrane in combination with autogenous bone graft material improve the probing depth, bone probing depth and loss of attachment in infrabony defects.

The Bone Regenerative Effects of Chitosan on the Calvarial Critical Size Defectin Sprague Dawley Rats / 대한치주과학회지

The major goals of periodontal therapy is the functional regeneration of periodontal supporting structures already destructed by periodontal disease as well as the reduction of signs and symptoms of progressive periodontal disease. There have been many efforts to develop materials and therapeutic methods to promote periodontal wound healing. There have been increasing interest on the chitosan made by chitin. Chitin is second only to cellulose as the most abundant natural biopolymer. It is a structural component of the exoskeleton of invertebrates(e.g., shrimp, crabs, lobsters), of the cell wall of fungi, and of the cuticle of insects. Chitosan is a derivative of chitin made by deacetylation of side chains. Many experiments using chitosan in various animal models have proven its beneficial effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the osteogenesis of chitosan on the calvarial critical size defect in Sprague Dawley rats. An 8 mm surgical defect was produced with a trephine bur in the area of the midsagittal suture. The rats were divided into two groups: Untreated control group versus experimental group with 50mg of soluble chitosan gel. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgical procedure. The specimens were examined by histologic, histomorphometric and radiodensitometric analyses. The results are as follows: 1. The length of newly formed bone in the defects was 102.91+/-25.46micrometer, 219.46+/-97.81micrometer at the 2 weeks, 130.95+/-39.24micrometer, 212.39+/-89.22micrometer at the 4 weeks, 181.53+/-76.35micrometer and 257.12+/-51.22micrometer at the 8 weeks in the control group and experimental group respectively. At all periods, the means of experimental group was greater than those of control group. But, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 2. The area of newly formed bone in the defects was 2962.06+/-1284.48micrometer2, 5194.88+/-1247.88micrometer2 at the 2 weeks, 5103.25+/-1375.88micrometer2, 7751.43+/-2228.20micrometer2 at the 4 weeks and 8046.02+/-818.99micrometer2, 15578.57+/-5606.55micrometer2 at the 8 weeks in the control group and experimental group respectively. At all periods, the means of experimental group was greater than those of control group. The experimental group showed statistically significant difference to the control group at the 2 and 8 weeks. 3. The density of newly formed bone in the defects was 14.26+/-6.33%, 27.91+/-6.65% at the 2 weeks, 20.06+/-9.07%, 27.86+/-8.20% at the 4 weeks and 22.99+/-3.76%, 32.17+/-6.38% at the 8 weeks in the control group and experimental group respectively. At all periods, the means of experimental group was greater than those of control group. The experimental group showed statistically significant difference to the control group at the 2 and 8 weeks. These results suggest that the use of chitosan on the calvarial defects in rats has significant effect on the regeneration of bone tissue in itself

The Effect of Silicone Toothbrush on Plaque Control and Gingival Inflammation. A Comparative Clinical Study / 대한치주과학회지

A comparative clinical study on the ordinary toothbrush(Buttler(R), America) and the silicone toothbrush(Jefe(R), Korea) was performed. The volunteers who took part in this study were students of Dental college of Yonsei University and patients attending Dental Hospital of Yonsei University. They were classified into two group, control and experimental group. Control group brushed with nylon toothbrush and experimental group did with silicone toothbrush under the researcher's guidances. Volunteers were examined on Plaque Index(PI), Gingival Index(GI), Probing Depth(PD), Bleeding on Probing(BP) and Recession(R) at base line, 1st. week, 2nd. week and 4th. week. According to the results, both group have the tendency of improvement in the degrees of GI, PI and the improvement degree of GI of both group has the significant differences from base line statistically, and there are not statistically significant differences between the silicone and nylon group in respect of PI, GI values. So based on the present study, it could be carefully ascertained that the silicone toothbrush has similar effect with nylon toothbrush in respect of PI and GI. If it is sure that the silicone toothbrush is seldom abrasive and possibly enough to massage the gingiva, this new brush is worth to be recommended by the dentists.

The Clinical and Microbiological Study of the Effect of Minocycline Strip Locally Administrated on Adult Periodontitis / 대한치주과학회지

20 Subjects with clinical diagnosis of adult periodontitis with sites having average pocket depth of 4mm were selected for the study. After scaling and root planing of those sites, 30% minocycline-HCl contained in biodegradable device were inserted in one group, scaling and root planing was carried out in another group and the last group was without any periodontal treatment. the difference between the groups was determined by pocket depth, bleeding on probing, attachment level, distribution of subgingival plaque bacteria. Conclusion was made for the comparisons between baseline and 4 weeks and the groups. 1. In analysis of pocket depth, there was significant difference in scaling and root planing group only. 2. Both the scaling and root planing group and minocycline group showed significant decrease in bleeding on probing. 3. There was significant increase in the attachment level in scaling and root planing group ,but no difference was foundbetween the groups. 4. There was significant decrease in the total number of subgingival bacteria in all groups and the number of motile bacteria decreased significantly in the minocycline group. These results indicate that insertion of Minocycline-HCl at the base of periodontal pocket was useful as an additional aid of mechanical treatment at the point of periodontal pocket, bleeding on probing, attachment level, microbial distribution.

The Effects of DFDB combined with Dura mater on the Periodontal Wound Healing of Dehiscence Defects in Dogs / 대한치주과학회지

The present study invetigates the effects of root planing only(control group) , DFDBA alone(test group 1) and combined use of DFDB and Dura mater(test group 2) in dehiscence defects in dogs. The results of 8weeks post-surgery by histological comparison between the three groups are as follows. 1. The contol group showed minimum regeneration of new cementum and new bone with limited migration of epitheilal cells, and healed by connective tissue attachment. 2. The test group 1 showed minimum regeneration of new cementum and new bone with limited migration of epitheilal cells, and healed by connective tissue attachment. 3. The test group 2 showed significant amount of the new cementum and new bone. 4. Both control and test groups healed without any observable root resorption and ankylosis. The above the results suggest that the use of resorbable Dura mater only does not improve the regeneration of new bone and periodontal ligament due to difficulties of space making, but the combined use with DFDB may be more effective.

The effects of composit grafts of allogenic decalcified freeze Dried bone and calcium sulfate on the healing of 1-wall intrabony defects in dogs / 대한치주과학회지

The present study evaluates the effects of calcium sulfate and DFDB on alveolar bone regeneration and cementum formation and connective tissue adhesion in intrabony angulated 1 wall defects of dogs. Four millimeter-deep angulated one-wall intrabony defects were surgically created in the mesial & distal aspects of premolars and with flap operaion alone(control group), with calcium sulfate(experimental group 1), with composit graft of 50% calcium sulfate and 50% DFDB(experimental group 2), with DFDB alone(experimental group 3). Histologic analysis following 8 weeks of healing revealed the following results: 1. The lengths of connective tissue adhesion was 1.05+/-0.48mm in the control, 1.30+/-0.67mm in the test group I, 0.97+/-0.22mm in the test group II and 0.93+/-0.15mm in the test group III. There was no statistical significance between control and all experimental groups. 2. Changes in alveolar bone level was 0.97+/-0.27mm in the control group, 1.45+/-0.42mm in the test group I, 2.00+/-0.33mm in the test group II , 1.88+/-0.34mm in the test group III. There was no statistically significant difference between control and experimental group I. There was a statistically significant difference between the control and experimental group II,III.(p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between all experimental group. 3. Cementum formation was 1.13+/-0.17mm in the control, 1.78+/-0.31mm in the test group I, 2.17+/-0.38mm in the test group II, 2.15+/-0.47mm in the test group III with statistically significant differences between control group and all experimental group(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant differences between all experimental group. These results suggest that the use of composit graft of 50% calcium sulfate and 50% DFDB and DFDB alone in angulated 1 wall intrabony defects has little effects on connective tissue adhesion, but has significant effects on new bone and new cementum formations.

The Clinical Effect of Tetracycline Fiber used in conjuction with Root Planing / 대한치주과학회지

In this study, 21 patients diagnosed as adult periodontitis were divided into 4 groups. One quadrant with an average of 6mm deep pocket depth was chosen from each individual - Group A inserted tetracycline fiber after removing supragingival calculus while group RP had calculus removal and root planning alone. Group RP+A received combination of these treatments while group C received none. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, attachment level, and distribution of subgingival plaque were compared and evaluated among these groups at periods of first visit, 4th week and 8th week. The results were as follows; 1. Plaque index and bleeding on probing improved after treatment and no significant difference was found between the groups. 2. When comparing the change in pocket depth between the groups, the use of tetracycline fiber showed significant reducton in pocket depth comparable to root planing. Combined therapy of tetracycline fiber and root planing showed synergistic effect in pocket depth reduction. 3. When comparing the change in attachment level between the groups, the use of tetracycline fiber showed significant increase in clinical attachment level comparable to root planing, but no synergistic effect was found in the combined therapy. 4. When comparing the change in the motile bacteria ratio between the groups, group RP and group RP+A showed significant decrease compared with control group. 5. There were no severe adverse effects from using tetracycline fiber, except for a few patient who experienced mild discomfort. In summary, the use of local adminstration of tetracycline fiber in adjunction to mechenical treatment can be effective for adult periodontitis.