The characteristics of the transported patients from the scene by helicopter emergency medical services in Korea: a single center study

Objective@#The helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) is operated in Korea for seriously ill patients or time-sensitive conditions such as major trauma, acute coronary syndrome, and acute stroke. The patients are transported directly from the scene of the incident or from other hospitals. However, little is known about the characteristics of these patients. @*Methods@#This was a retrospective, single-center study. The study period was from 2016 to 2020. The helicopter was available during the daytime. We compared the flight distances, flight duration, and admission rate between those transferred from the scene of the incident and those transferred from the hospitals. We investigated the discharge or transfer rate from the emergency department and the precise reasons for the same. @*Results@#Of a total of 1,345 patients, 70 (5.2%) were transported directly from the scene of the incident. Of these, 23 (32.9% of patients from the scene) were transported from islands. The most frequent request calls were made by emergency medical services. Of the patients, 27.1% of those from the scene were discharged from the emergency department or transferred to another hospital. The discharge or transfer rate was higher in the scene-transported group (27.1% vs. 8.2%, P<0.001). @*Conclusion@#The discharge or transfer rate of patients transported from the scene was high. In some cases, unexpected negative effects may occur during the use of the HEMS and hence the crew must weigh the risk vs. benefit of helicopter transportation.

The Effect of Manual Physical Therapy on Improvement in the Range of Motion of Frozen Shoulder Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Cases in South Korea

Purpose@#The main purpose of this meta-analysis was to identify the degree of effect size and variables for the impact of manual physical therapy on the improvement in the range of motion of frozen shoulder patients. @*Methods@#This study collected 8 studies published between 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2020. The analysis of the results verified 49 effect size data and the random effect model was chosen. @*Results@#First, the full case showed the largest mean effect size of 2.485 (p 0.737). The number of intervention periods showed 4 weeks 20 or more effect size of 2.782 (p > 0.294). Finally, the ‘Trim and Fill’ result confirmed that the calibration effect size was 1.471 (p < 0.001). @*Conclusion@#This study verified that manual physical therapy had a substantial effect on the improvement of the range of motion of patients with frozen shoulders and that the effects were dependent on the methods of outcomes.

Effects of a Thera-Band Exercise Program on Pain, Knee Flexion ROM, and Psychological Parameters Following Total Knee Arthroplasty

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the Thera-Band exercise program following total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: The research design for this study was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. Participants were 30 patients for the experimental group and 30 patients for the control group. The experimental group participated in the Thera- Band exercise program in addition to conventional CPM (continuous passive motion) exercise. The control group received conventional CPM exercise only. Outcome measures were pain, knee flexion range of motion, CRP, and psychological parameters (self-efficacy and fear of falling). Data were analyzed using chi2-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA with SPSS/PC version 21.0. RESULTS: There were significant improvement in self-efficacy, and decreases in pain, and fear of falling in the experimental group compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups for CRP and knee flexion ROM. CONCLUSION: The Thera-Band exercise program gave an additional benefit over the conventional CPM exercise for patients following total knee arthroplasty, and is recommended for use as an effective nursing intervention for patients after total knee arthroplasty.

Effects of a Coaching Program on Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification for Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using a Coaching Program on Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification with pregnant women who have gestational diabetes. METHODS: The research design for this study was a non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental study. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes were recruited from D women's hospital located in Gyeonggi Province from April to October, 2013. Participants in this study were 34 for the control group and 34 for the experimental group. The experimental group participated in the Coaching Program on Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification. The program consisted of education, small group coaching and telephone coaching over 4weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 21.0 program. RESULTS: There were significant improvements in self-care behavior, and decreases in depression, fasting blood sugar and HbA1C in the experimental group compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups for knowledge of gestational diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION: The Coaching Program on Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification used in this study was found to be effective in improving self-care behavior and reducing depression, fasting blood sugar and HbA1C, and is recommended for use in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for pregnant women with gestational diabetes.

Acute Vestibular Neuritis Associated with Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus / 대한평형의학회지

Vestibular neuritis, one of common causes of acute spontaneous vertigo, is characterized by a sudden onset of vertigo with horizontal-torsional spontaneous nystagmus and unsteadiness with a falling tendency. Herpes zoster is a common infection caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) occurs when this virus is reactivated in the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. VZV can cause vestibular neuritis with cochlear dysfunction as a form of herpes zoster oticus, also known as Ramsay-Hunt syndrome. However, to our knowledge, isolated vestibular neuritis associated with HZO has been rarely reported, because of distance between the trigeminal nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve. We present an unusual case of vestibular neuritis complicated by the HZO.

Evaluation of a Medication Self-management Education Program for Elders with Hypertension Living in the Community

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a medication self-management education program on medication awareness, communication with health care provider, medication misuse behavior, and blood pressure in elders with hypertension. METHODS: The research design for this study was a non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design. Participants were 23 elders for the control group, and 26 elders for the experimental group. The experimental group participated in the medication self-management education program which included the following, verbal education, 1:1 consultation, practice in medication self-management, and discussion over 5 sessions. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between the experimental and control group for medication awareness, medication misuse behavior, and communication with health care providers. However, no significant difference was found between the two groups for blood pressure. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the education program is effective in improving medication awareness and communication with health care providers and in decreasing medication misuse behavior. Therefore, it is recommended that this education program be used as an effective intervention for improving medication self-management for elders with hypertension.

Syncope Associated With Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia in B-Cell Lymphoma

No abstract available.

Evaluation of an Education Program for Patients with Asthma who use Inhalers

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of an education program for patients with asthma who use inhalers. METHODS: The research design for this study was a non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental study. Participants in this study were 36 patients for the control group, and 43 patients for the experimental group. The experimental group participated in the education program. The control group received the usual care. Data were collected before and 1 month and 2 months after the program finished and were analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 program. RESULTS: The experimental group had significantly higher scores of knowledge of inhalers, and inhalation technique compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were found between two groups for PEFR, asthma instability, and satisfaction with inhalers. CONCLUSION: According to the results, the education program was effective in improving knowledge of inhalers, and inhalation technique. Therefore, it is recommended that this education program be used in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for patients with asthma on inhalers.

Self-Management and Its Predictors for Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of self management of patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, and to investigate the factors influencing self management. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 117 diabetes patients who visited the outpatient department of a university hospital from March to August 2008. Data were collected by asking the subjects to answer a 54-item questionnaire and were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. RESULTS: The total mean score of the patients in self -management was 4.38 out of 7. Medication adherence obtained the highest score under self-management, and the self-monitoring of blood glucose obtained the lowest score. Family support, self-efficacy, severity, and depression were found to be significantly correlated with self-management. In stepwise multiple regression analysis a total of 44.5% of the variance in self management was accounted for by family support, self-efficacy, severity, and depression. CONCLUSION: Therefore, a diabetic intervention program should be designed and provided for increasing family support, self efficacy, and severity and for reducing depression of patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.

Evaluation of Pain Assessment Education Program for Nurses / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a pain assessment education program developed for nurses. METHODS: Research design of this study was nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental study. Subjects for this study were 56 nurses for control group, and 53 nurses for experimental group. The experimental group participated in pain assessment education program. Data were collected before and 6 months after the program and analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 program. RESULTS: The results of this study were as follows: In pretest, there were no significant differences in general characteristics, knowledge of pain, attitude toward pain and pain assessment behaviors. In post test, the experimental group had significantly higher scores of pain knowledge scores and pain assessment behaviors than control group. However, attitude toward pain remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: According to the results, pain assessment education program was effective in improving pain knowledge and pain assessment behavior.

The Effects of Programs Using Strategies for Promoting Self Efficacy in Patients with Lung Cancer / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of a 'overcoming cancer program' on knowledge, self efficacy, and quality of life, therapeutic compliance for patients with lung cancer. METHOD: Research design of this study was a nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental study. Subjects for this study were 16 lung cancer patients for the control group, and 12 lung cancer patients for the experimental group. The experimental group participated in the program once a week for 4 weeks. Data were collected before and after the program. Nonparametric statistics were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The results of this study were as follows: In the pretest, there were no significant differences in general characteristics, knowledge, self efficacy and quality of life between the two groups. In the posttest, there were significant differences in knowledge, self efficacy between the experimental and the control groups. But there were no significant differences in therapeutic compliance and quality of life between the two groups. CONCLUSION: From the results above, it can be concluded that program was effective to improve knowledge and self-efficacy for patients with lung cancer.

A Study for Assessing Pain Intensity and Investigating Factors of Satisfaction with Postoperative Pain Management / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify pain intensity according to activities over postoperative days and to identify factors of patient satisfaction with pain management after abdominal surgery. METHODS: The subjects were 123 patients who were admitted at a general surgical ward and had abdominal surgery from Mar. 2005 to June 2005. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 program. RESULTS: The average postoperative pain scores were 6.13 at POD 1, 5.46 at POD 2, and 4.22 at POD 3. In stepwise multiple regression analysis a total of 40% of variance in satisfaction with pain management was accounted for by pain intensity on POD 3 at rest (29.4%) and attitude toward using pain medicine (6.6%), and side effects of pain medicine (4.0%). CONCLUSION: According to the findings of this study, patients had inadequate pain management after abdominal surgery. Therefore, nurses need to provide educational programs focused on changing attitudes toward using pain medicine, to reduce side effects of pain medicine, and to develop nursing intervention for relieving pain.

The Effects of 'Cancer Overcome Program' Using Strategy for Promoting Self-Efficacy among Family Caregivers with Lung Cancer in Korea / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effect of a structured group intervention on knowledge about lung cancer, self efficacy and quality of life for family caregivers of patients with lung cancer using a nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental design. METHODS: Subjects were 11 family caregivers for both the control and the experimental group. The experimental group participated in once a week for 2-hour session for 4 weeks. Four topics of educational program were lung cancer and treatment, side effects of treatments, symptoms management, and health management. Every session consisted of lecture, sharing experiences, and meditating time. Quality of life was measured using Jang(1996)'s tool. The tools for knowledge and self-efficacy were developed by the authors. RESULTS: After the intervention, the experimental group showed higher self-efficacy in caring for the patients than did the controls. However, there were no significant differences in knowledge about lung cancer and quality of life between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that the group intervention would be effective for family caregivers of lung cancer patients.

A Survey Study on Characteristics Associated with Fractures in Elderly People / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics associated with fractures in elderly people in order to provide basic data for fracture preventive programs for the elderly people. METHOD: The participants were 84 patients over age of 65, who were admitted to the orthopedic department in a hospital in Chungnam province. Data were collected from Sep. 1, 2002 to Aug, 30, 2003 through personal interviews using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSSPC program. RESULT: Physical characteristics before the fracture included weakness or paralysis in the extremities (29.8%), need of assistance or appliances (13.1%), difficulty on balance (28.6%), visual disturbances (26.2%), hearing impairment (17.9%), speech disturbances (2.4%), urinary dysfunction (21.4%), and sleep disturbances (54.8%). The fractures occurred most frequently in winter (32.1%), between 1 pm and 6 pm (48.8%), on weekends (41.6%), in the road (58.3%) while wearing snickers (27.4%) or shoes (27.4%). The region of fractures occurred most frequently was lower extremities (57.1%), and the causes of fractures were loss of balance (31.0%) and car accident (25.0 %). A significance difference was found for type of accident, footwear at the time of the accident, place of the accident according to gender and age. Also a significance difference was found for type of accident and place of accident according to season(p<.05). CONCLUSION: Therefore, these results should be considered when a fracture preventive program for elderly people is designed.

Factors Related to Prehospital Delay Time in Patients with Stroke / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors which can delay hospital arrival for patients with acute stroke. METHOD: The participants for this study were 102 patients who were admitted to the Department of Neurology in a hospital in Chungnam province. Data were collected from Oct, 2002 to June, 2003. The data were analyzed with frequencies, percentages, and x2 test using the SPSS PC program. RESULT: The results of this study were as follows: 1. Only 33.8 % of participants arrived at the hospital within 3 hours. 2. Educational level, economic status, people living in same residence, and place of residence were factors which significantly affected prehospital delay time. Also there were significant differences in prehospital delay time according to family history of stroke, day of the week when symptoms began, perception of seriousness of symptoms, type of hospital first used, and transportation. CONCLUSION: Therefore, to reduce prehospital delay time, educational programs which focus on the above factors need to be developed. Also, a public campaign for utilizing emergency service to reduce transportation time for acute stroke patients need to be facilitated.

Discharge Nursing Needs of Patients having Surgery with Gastric Cancer / 성인간호학회지

PUPPOSE: The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the discharge nursing needs of patients who received gastrectomy. METHOD: The subjects of this study consisted of 100 patients who had gastric surgery in 4 university hospitals in chungnam province. The instrument for this study was developed by the researcher based on literature through in-depth interviews. Data was collected from October 4 to October 30, 2000. RESULT: The results were as follows: Discharge nursing needs were classified in 8 main categories. The 8 categories were 'emotional and spiritual support', 'nutrition and diet control', 'medication', 'treatment planning and follow up care', 'activity level', 'symptom management' 'health seeking behavior' and 'social support'. The total mean score for nursing needs was 3.89. 'Nutrition and diet control' was the highest degree of nursing needs and 'activity level' was the lowest degree of nursing needs. There were significant differences in degrees of nursing needs between different ages(F=2.74, p=.048), level of education(F= 2.91, p=.038) and period since diagnosis(F= 4.46, p=.037). CONCLUSION: This study looked at 8 categories of discharge nursing needs. Patients identified 'nutrition and diet control' as the highest need and 'activity level' as the lowest need. Further research needs to be done to identify discharge educational needs for various age groups, educational level and for patients with varing lengths of diagnosis time to surgery.

The Relationship of Risk Assessment Using Braden Scale and Development of Pressure Sore in Neurologic Intensive Care Unit / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of braden scale to assess pressure ulcer risk patients and to identify additional risk factors of pressure sores in an neurologic intensive care unit. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 66 patients in neurologic intensive care units. Data was prospectively collected from Sep. to Dec., 2002. Data were analyzed by mean, percentage, t-test, chi-square, discriminant analysis using Spss pc+. RESULT: The results of this study were as follows: 1) There was a significant difference between scoring of braden scale and pressure ulcer development. The subscales that predicted pressure ulcer development using braden scale only were sensory perception, moisture, mobility, friction and shear. By using these subscales, sensitivity was 86.7%, and specificity was 61.1%, and total hit ratio was 72.7%. 2) Additional pressure ulcer risk factors which showed significance for discriminating two group were protein, albumin, gender, level of consciousness, pattern of bowel elimination. By using the combination of these additional risk factors in addition to the braden scale, total hit ratio increased to 84.8%. CONCLUSION: This data suggest that albumin, protein, gender, level of consciousness, pattern of bowel elimination in addition to the braden scale should be included in the pressure sore assessment tool.

The Effect of an AIDS Education Program of Nuring Students on Knowledge, Attitudes, Fear of Contagion and Nursing Intention about AIDS / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effect of an AIDS education program of nursing junior students on knowledge, attitudes, fear of contagion, and nursing intentions about AIDS. METHOD: The study was conducted in a university in Chungnam province from March, 2000 to May, 2001. Research design of this study was a nonequivalent control group, non-synchronized design. A traditional lecture education was given to the control group. The experimental group received a multi-media education using video tape and group discussion as well as traditional lecture education. Data were collected 1 month before and after education. The SPSS program was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The results of this study were as follows: There were significant differences in the mean of knowledge (t=4.227, p=.000), prejudice (t=-2.281, p=.025), social interaction (t= 4.144, p=.000) between experimental group and the control group. But, there were no significant differences in the mean of fear of contagion (t=-7.320, p=.467) and nursing intention (t=.800, p=.427) between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study showed the benefits of providing educational interventions for improving knowledge and attitudes, but didn't show any significant changes on fear of contagion and nursing intention. Therefore, to reduce fear of contagion and increase nursing intention, various teaching strategies need to be further studied and evaluated.

A Study for Investigating Predictors of AIDS and Patients Care Intention Among Nursing Students / 간호학회지

The purpose of the study was to find out the level of knowledge, attitude, subjective norm, social interaction, and behavioral intention of nursing students regarding AIDS. It also identified factors that predict behavioral intentions and to provide care for patients with AIDS using Theory of Reasoned Action. The subjects consisted of 117 nursing students at three universities. Data was collected with self reporting in a questionnaire of with 67 items. Data was analyzed by an SPSS pc+ program. The results were as follows; 1. The mean age of the subjects was 20.98 years. The mean score for HIV/AIDS knowledge was 24.444 out of 32. Mostly Korean students were quite knowle- dgeable about the basic facts and symptoms of AIDS but confused about the made of transmission such as public toilets, preven- tion methods, and especially infection control. 2. This study found that social interaction, attitudes and subjective norms of Korean nursing students explained the intention to care for AIDS patients. The students who had a more positive attitude toward caring for AIDS patients and those who perceived more support from their significant others for caring the AIDS patients reported a more positive intention to care for AIDS patients. 3. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, 47.58% of the variance in AIDS patient care intention was accounted for by social interaction (33.41%), attitude (9.1%), and subjective norm (5.0 %). According to the finding of this study, and social interaction are the most significant predictors of intentions. Therefore it can be suggested that a HIV/AIDS prevention program should focus on transmission modes and prevention methods, especially in infection control. AIDS education efforts aimed at nursing students should place greater emphasis on correcting these kinds of misconceptions. Nursing intenvention for reducing fear of contagion, improving perception of social interaction, fostering positive attitudes and increasing intention to care for AIDS patients should be provided for nursing students. They also recommended that nursing students be adequately prepared to care for AIDS patients because of the increasing probability that they will encounter AIDS patients. Therefore it is important that education about HIV/AIDS should be incorporated within current undergraduate curriculum.

An analysis of research on the determinants of exercise behavior / 성인간호학회지

The purposes of this study were 1) to identify determinants of exercise behavior 2) to determine theoretical frameworks that were used in other research 3) to investigate the limitations of exercise research. seventy six research papers, published between 1984-1999, were selected by searching Medline for this study. Research subjects, determinants of exercise behavior, exercise measurement, the design of studies, statistical method and theoretical background were examined. The results are as follows. 1. On the research subjects, most research papers studied healthy adults. 2. Thirteen variables were identified that were used more than 5 times in various researches were self efficacy, barrier, social support, benefit, physiological characteristics, habit, personality, intention, health status, motivation, subjective norm, attitude, and affect. The most frequently supported determinant was self efficacy, the second one was social support, the third was affect and so on. But few research papers found any significant relationship between subject norms or attitude and exercise. 3. On exercise measurement, only 22.4% of research papers considered intensity, duration, frequency as elements of exercise, and 64.5% of researches were assessed by self-reported questionnaires. 4. In research design, 80.3% of research papers were survey type research. The most frequently used statistcal method was Regression. 5. 44.8% of research papers were done without any theoretical basis. Based on the above findings the following suggestions are made: 1. Research which includes diverse populations with different levels of health status needs to be studied. 2. Determinants of exercise may be dynamic and varing in their influence, therefore, stages of exercise behavior and processes of change need to be studied. 3. In research design, more prospective, longitudinal studies are needed to identify determinants of exercise habits. 4. It is necessary to develop a reliable, valid exercise measurement tool. 5. Studies are needed to develop a theoretical framework for exercise behavior.