Comparison of the Effectiveness of Three Lumbosacral Orthoses on Early Spine Surgery Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study

Objective@#To compare the convenience and effectiveness of the existing lumbosacral orthoses (LSO) (classic LSO and Cybertech) and a newly developed LSO (V-LSO) by analyzing postoperative data. @*Methods@#This prospective cohort study was performed from May 2019 to November 2019 and enrolled and analyzed 88 patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease scheduled for elective lumbar surgery. Three types of LSO that were provided according to the time of patient registration were applied for 6 weeks. Patients were randomized into the classic LSO group (n=31), Cybertech group (n=26), and V-LSO group (n=31). All patients were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) preoperatively and underwent plain lumbar radiography (anteroposterior and lateral views) 10 days postoperatively. Lumbar lordosis (LS angle) and frontal imbalance were measured with and without LSO. At the sixth postoperative week, a follow-up assessment with the ODI and orthosis questionnaire was conducted. @*Results@#No significant differences were found among the three groups in terms of the LS angle, frontal imbalance, ODI, and orthosis questionnaire results. When the change in the LS angle and frontal imbalance toward the reference value was defined as a positive change with and without LSO, the rate of positive change was significantly different in the V-LSO group (LS angle: 41.94% vs. 61.54% vs. 83.87%; p=0.003). @*Conclusion@#The newly developed LSO showed no difference regarding its effectiveness and compliance when compared with the existing LSO, but it was more effective in correcting lumbar lordosis.

Intramuscular Hematoma on the Psoas Muscle / 대한신경손상학회지

Intramuscular hematomas on the psoas muscle are rare and usually occur as a result of trauma, iatrogenic etiology during lumbar surgery, rupture of the aortic aneurysm, and hematologic diseases. The incidence of spontaneous psoas muscle hematomas has slowly increased as a result of using anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a more sensitive option compared to computed tomography (CT) when diagnosing a hematoma. Coronal T2-weighted images are more useful. CT imaging is also useful to establish the rapid diagnosis of hematoma. When a prolonged prothrombin time and international normalized ratio and decrease platelet count are noted, psoas muscle hematomas should be considered, if there was no lesion in the spinal canal. Most hematomas resolve spontaneously without clinical complications if the hematoma is not large or it is not compressing the surrounding important structures, irrespective of cause.

Risk Factors for Subsequent Fracture after Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture / 대한신경손상학회지

OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is an effective treatment that relieves pain caused by vertebral compression fracture. However, vertebroplasty may increase the risk for subsequent vertebral compression fracture. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of and risk factors for subsequent fracture after vertebroplasty. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for 112 patients who were diagnosed with a first osteoporotic compression fracture at a single level and underwent vertebroplasty at that level. Possible risk factors for subsequent fracture, such as age, sex, bone mineral density (BMD), location of treated vertebrae, pattern of cement distribution, cement volume, presence of intradiscal cement leakage, and direction of cement leakage, were analyzed. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 18 new subsequent vertebral fractures developed (16.1%). Subsequent fractures were more common in osteoporotic patients (T-score or =3.5 cc were also associated with a significantly higher risk of fracture (p=0.012, r=0.238). CONCLUSION: Low BMD and volume of intravertebral cement were the factors most strongly associated with subsequent fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty.

Risk Factors for Subsequent Fracture after Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture / 대한신경손상학회지

OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is an effective treatment that relieves pain caused by vertebral compression fracture. However, vertebroplasty may increase the risk for subsequent vertebral compression fracture. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of and risk factors for subsequent fracture after vertebroplasty. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for 112 patients who were diagnosed with a first osteoporotic compression fracture at a single level and underwent vertebroplasty at that level. Possible risk factors for subsequent fracture, such as age, sex, bone mineral density (BMD), location of treated vertebrae, pattern of cement distribution, cement volume, presence of intradiscal cement leakage, and direction of cement leakage, were analyzed. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 18 new subsequent vertebral fractures developed (16.1%). Subsequent fractures were more common in osteoporotic patients (T-score or =3.5 cc were also associated with a significantly higher risk of fracture (p=0.012, r=0.238). CONCLUSION: Low BMD and volume of intravertebral cement were the factors most strongly associated with subsequent fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty.

Analysis of Factors Contributing to Postoperative Spinal Instability after Lumbar Decompression for Spinal Stenosis

OBJECTIVE: Decompressive laminectomy is one of the most commonly used surgical methods for the treatment of spinal stenosis. We retrospectively examined the risk factors that induce spinal instability, including slippage (spondylolisthesis) and/or segmental angulation after decompressive laminectomy on the lumbar spine. METHODS: From January 1, 2006 to June 30, 2010, 94 consecutive patients underwent first-time single level decompressive laminectomy without fusion and discectomy. Of these 94 patients, 42 with a follow-up period of at least 2 years were selected. We measured the segmental angulation and slippage in flexion and extension dynamic lumbar radiographs. We analyzed the following contributing factors to spinal instability: age/sex, smoking history, disc space narrowing, body mass index (kg/m2), facet joint tropism, effect of the lordotic angle on lumbar spine, asymmetrical paraspinal muscle volume, and surgical method and level. RESULTS: Female patients, normal lordotic angle, and asymmetrical paraspinal muscle volume were factors more significantly associated with spondylolisthesis (p-value=0.026, 0.015, <0.01). Statistical results indicated that patients with facet tropism were more likely to have segmental angulation (p-value=0.046). Facet tropism and asymmetry of paraspinal muscle volume were predisposing factors to spinal instability (p-value=0.012, <0.01). CONCLUSION: Facet joint tropism and asymmetry of paraspinal muscle volume are the most important factors associated with spinal instability; therefore, careful follow-up after decompressive laminectomy in affected patients is necessary.

Spontaneous Regression of Extruded Lumbar Disc Herniation: Three Cases Report

Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) is a common disease that induces back pain and radicular pain. Some cases require surgical treatment due to persistent severe pain. However, in some cases, pain can be relieved with conservative treatment or at times relived spontaneously. Therefore, the most effective treatment method for HNP is undefinable. Spontaneous regression of HNP has been recognized with the advancement of radiological diagnostic tools and can explain the reason of spontaneous relief of symptoms without treatment.

Gelfoam-induced Swallowing Difficulty after Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery

Symptomatic diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is not common. Gelfoam is one of the most commonly used topical hemostatic agents. But, in the partially moistened state, air retained in its pores may result in excessive expansion on contact with liquid. The onset of swallowing difficulty after anterior cervical spine surgery due to appling gelfoam is a rare complication. A 77-year-old man with swallowing difficulty was admitted to our hospital and we diagnosed him as DISH confirmed by radiological study. After removing the DISH, patient's symptom was relieved gradually. However, on postoperative day (POD) 7, the symptom recurred but lesser than the preoperative state. We confirmed no hematoma and esophageal perforation on the operation site. We observed him closely and controlled the diet. Three months later, he had no symptom of swallowing difficulty, and was able to be back on a regular diet, including solid foods. We present a complication case of swallowing difficulty occurring by gelfoam application.

Factors that Influence to Chronic Subdural Hematoma Recurrence / 대한신경손상학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors that influence to chronic subdural hematoma recurrence. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 55 patients who underwent an operation for a chronic subdural hematoma using burr hole trephination and hematoma drainage from January 2010 to December 2011. We analyzed their demographics, trauma history, medication history, initial symptoms, bilaterality, postoperative pneumocephalus, and hematoma recurrence. RESULTS: Medication history (anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet agents) was not influenced the hematoma recurrence rate statistically (p=0.622). Prolongation of International Normalized Ratio and decrease of platelet count increased recurrence rate, but not significantly. An absence of trauma history was a factor that significantly influenced hematoma recurrence (p=0.037). CONCLUSION: Medication history did not significantly influence the recurrence rate, if the medication will stopped more than 3 days prior to hematoma evacuation. Chronic subdural hematomas that occurred without definite trauma history were more prevalent with recurrence.