Regulation of Inflammation by Sucrose Isomer, Turanose, in Raw 264.7 Cells

Increased sugar consumption has been proposed to be a risk factor for obesity-related metabolic disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of turanose in Raw 264.7 macrophages. Turanose (3-O-α-D-glucosyl-D-fructose), an isomer of sucrose, naturally exists in honey. For these studies, macrophages were treated with total glucose (Glu), 50% Glu/50% turanose (T50), 25% Glu/75% turanose (T75), and 100% turanose (T100), each with a total concentration of 25 mM in cell media. Expressions of inflammatory enzymes and cytokines were analyzed. Cell viability was not affected in the turanose treated groups compared to the Glu group. Lipopolysaccharide and glucose-induced nitric oxide production, protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX-2, and superoxide dismutase 2, and mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were significantly suppressed by turanose treatment. These results demonstrate that turanose exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, and possesses potential to serve therapeutic functional sweetener for testing in vivo and in clinical trials.

Acute and 13-week subchronic toxicological evaluations of turanose in mice

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Turanose, α-D-glucosyl-(1→3)-α-D-fructose, is a sucrose isomer which naturally exists in honey. To evaluate toxicity of turanose, acute and subchronic oral toxicity studies were conducted with ICR mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the acute oral toxicity study, turanose was administered as a single oral dose [10 g/kg body weight (b.w.)]. In the subchronic toxicity study, ICR mice were administered 0, 1.75, 3.5, and 7 g/kg b.w. doses of turanose daily for 13 weeks. RESULTS: No signs of acute toxicity, including abnormal behavior, adverse effect, or mortality, were observed over the 14-day study period. In addition, no changes in body weight or food consumption were observed and the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) for oral intake of turanose was determined to be greater than 10 g/kg b.w. General clinical behavior, changes in body weight and food consumption, absolute and relative organ weights, and mortality were not affected in any of the treatment group for 13 weeks. These doses also did not affect the macroscopic pathology, histology, hematology, and blood biochemical analysis of the mice examined. CONCLUSION: No toxicity was observed in the acute and 13-week subchronic oral toxicology studies that were conducted with ICR mice. Furthermore, the no-observed-adverse-effect level is greater than 7 g/kg/day for both male and female ICR mice.

A Case of Duplication of Chromosome 9q(q13-q21.3) as Polymorphism in Fetus of Patient with Habitual Abortion / 대한산부인과학회잡지

Habitual abortion or recurrent pregnancy loss has been defined as the occurrence of three or more clinically recognized pregnancy loss before 20 gestational weeks. A recognized cause of habitual abortion is a genetic abnormality, and karyotyping of couples will reveal that about 5% have some abnormality, most frequently a balanced translocation. However, it has been reported that duplication of chromosome is a rare condition associated with habitual abortion. We have experienced a case of chromosomal duplication 9q as polymorphism found in fetus of the patient with habitual abortion. Father of the fetus also has the same chromosomal duplication on 9q. This represents familial polymorphism and it is very rare variant. We presented with brief review of literatures.

Clinical Analysis of Hysteroscopic Treatment of Intrauterine Adhesion / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the causes of intrauterine adhesion (IUA) and the efficacy of hysteroscopic adhesiolysis in patients with IUA METHODS: From January 1995 to June 1999, a total of 63 patients with IUA were underwent hysteroscopic adhesiolysis. The patients with IUA only were trying to be pregnant spontaneous whereas, intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) were performed in the patients who have other infertility factors and IUA as well. The data such as the changes of menstrual amount and pattern, fertility, and full-term live birth rate were analyzed. RESULTS: The most common cause of IUA was curettage related problems; after incomplete abortion 20.6%, postpartum bleeding 9.5%, elective abortion 47.6%, missed abortion 11.1%, and for treatment of hydatidiform mole 1.6%. All patients with amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea had improvement of their menstrual patterns. Forty seven patients wanted pregnancy and 31 patients achieved pregnancy (68.4%). Full-term live birth rate 38.3% and there was one placenta accreta in full-term live birth case, which was resolved by postpartum curettage. CONCLUSION: Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis of IUA could be effective for restoring the normal menstrual pattern and fertility.