ABSTRACT
Biliary papillomatosis is rare, and its pathogenic mechanisms are not yet clear. Because of its high risk for malignancy transformation, surgical resection is regarded as a standard treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used by the intravenous administration of hematoporphyrin derivative followed by laser exposure. A photochemical process causes disturbance of the microvascular structure and degradation of membrane. Cholangitis is a major complication after PDT. A healthy 56-year-old man was diagnosed with biliary papillomatosis involving the common hepatic duct, both proximal intrahepatic bile ducts (IHD), and the right posterior IHD. After biliary decompression by endoscopic nasobiliary drainage, PDT was performed to avoid extensive liver resection and recurrence using endoscopic retrograde cholangiographic guidance. After portal vein embolization, the patient underwent extended right hemihepatectomy. Following administration of chemoradiation therapy with tegafur-uracil and 45 Gy due to local recurrence at postoperative 13 months, there was no local recurrence or distant metastases. This is the first case report on PDT for biliary papillomatosis in Korea. Preoperative PDT is beneficial for reducing the lesion in diffuse or multifocal biliary papillomatosis and may lead to curative and volume reserving surgery. Thus, PDT could improve the quality of life and prolong life expectation for biliary papillomatosis patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Bile Duct Neoplasms/diagnosis , Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/pathology , Embolization, Therapeutic , Gamma Rays , Hepatectomy , Hepatic Duct, Common/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Papilloma/diagnosis , Photochemotherapy , Tegafur/therapeutic use , Uracil/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Diphenylhydantoin (DPH) is one of the most widely used anticonvulsants for treatment and prevention of seizures. However it is frequently associated with drug-induced leukopenia. Hypersensitivity reactions to phenytoin are well recognized and can be severe. Phenytoin is associated with serious hematologic side effects such as agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, red cell aplasia and hemolytic anemia, either through humoral or cell-mediated immunemechanism. We describe a 57-year-old male patient who developed a severe granulocytopenia while taking phenytoin for 66 days in the total amount of 21.6 gram. Bone marrow examination showed isolated depletion of myeloid elements. After 10 days of phenytoin withdrawal and G-CSF treatment, the patient recovered from granulocytic suppression. Using in vitro culture, marrow suppression associated with phenytoin therapy was felt to be non-immune mediated marrow suppression.