Multilocular Solitary Cyst of the Kidney: Case Report / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A case of multilocular solitary cyst of the kidney containing approximately 5000 ml. of fluid has been reported along with a literatural review.

A Clinical Study of the Organ Distribution and Renoscintigram with Hg203 Labeled Neohydrin in Renal Diseases / 대한비뇨기과학회지

The delineation of the functioning renal parenchyma by the scintiscanning technique has made it possible to supplement diagnostic informations obtained by ordinary urological laboratory data, intravenous pyelography, retrograde pyelography or aortic angiography. More recently, the Hean labeled neohydrin has turned out to be preferable to I131 labeled diodrast or hippuran for renoscintigram for that the former is more readily taken up by the renal cortex and retained by the renal tubules for certain period of time, while the latter istoo rapidly excreted in the urine to reveal satisfactory pictures of renoscan and the technique is complicated. In the present study, renal scintillation scanning and body surface counting in vivo by Hg203 neohydrin were performed on 10 normal cases and 50 patients, 2 renal tumor (Wilm's tumor), 12 renal tuberculosis, 6 renal calculi, 5 nephritis, 10 hydronephrosis. 1 nephrotic syndrome. 5 pyelonephritis, 1 polycystic kidney, 3 congenital anomalies (horse-shoe kidney) and 5 hypertension. After intravenous administration of about 100 microcuries of Hg203 labeled neohydrin, in vivo surface counting over the kidneys, liver, spleen, heart and thigh was performed prior to scan such kidneys at 5, 30, 60 and 90 minutes, respectively, by scintillation detector with 1.5 inches thick Na I crystal. Upon adequate concentration of Hg203 neohydrin in the kidneys, the outline of functioning renal parenchyma can then be recorded by scintillation scanning apparatus, 19 honey cone collimator. In body surface counting, the radioisotope concentration over normally functioning renal parenchyma is good, whereas the concentration over diseased parenchyma is poor and the hepatic uptakeof the isotope shows high, instead. This procedure would also be of diagnostic value in patients with renal vascular disease, by revealing renal function test. In renoscintigram of the patients having presumable renal diseases by ordinary urological survey and pyelographic techniques, space occupying lesions and dot irregularities of the kidney can be presented as filling defect on renoscan. Split renal function studies usually give some information about total functioning capacity of each kidney but no detailed information in limited areasof a kidney with segmental lesion can be drawn. The renal angiogram details in a precise way the size and course of the renal arteries, but contributes no information about function of the parenchyma. The renal biopsy is also a valuable diagnostic procedure which may provide a specific diagnosis if the biopsy is obtained from the right site of diseased area. And the radioisotope renogram has been used to detect unilateral renal disease and it provides some information about the vascular supply and functional capacity of each kidney but this procedure does not supply any knowledge on segmental renal lesion nor segmental renal function. The technique of renoscintigram using Hg203 neohydrin which supplements the disadvantages of conventional methods of renal function study is at the present most qualified to supply more knowledge on segmental renal function and morphological finding as well. Further-more, disappearance of the isotope from the blood and its urinary excretion rate were determined as no harm at all to the human body. In summary, the renoscintigram is of particular help in establishing the diagnosis of renal diseases where pyelographic evidence is equivocal or lacking and the diagnostic significance of this method is promising.

Clinical Statistics and Chemical Analysis of Urinary Calculi / 대한비뇨기과학회지

During the period, Jan. 1961 to Sept. 1962. 77 cases of urinary tract calculi were seen at the C.A.H. This is 1.13% of all ambulatory patients seen at the urology section. Commonest sites were, ureter (63.6%), bladder (18.2%), kidney (9.1%) and urethra (9.1%) in that order. In age distribution, 21-25 years old was the highest (52.1%), and this might reflect the nature of the military hospital. In management, ureterolithotomy was the most commonly used procedure (31.2%), 20.8% of the cases were managed non-operating. Phosphate and oxalates stone were found more commonly in upper urinary tracts. Their break down was as follow; Phosphates 46.8%, Oxalates 23.8%, Oxalates and Phosphates 10.4%, The other properties 19.0%.

A Statistical Study on Urolithiasis II / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A statistical analysis was made on 468 cases of urolithiasis during the period April 1951 to September 1962, and the following data were obtained: 1. The incidence of the patients with the stones was 2.25 percent of total urological outpatients and 25.4 percent of the ward patients. 2. Incidences of urinary calculi are increasing year by year; 3.6 per cent in 1954, 12.8 per cent in 1958, and 20.7 per cent in 1962. 3. The incidence of stones in the upper urinary tract seemed to increase significantly while that of the lower tract did not. The ratio of upper urinary tract calculi over ones in the lower tract (24 : 76 in 1954), reversed with greatly increasing incidence of upper urinary tract calculi (69: 31 in 1962). 4. These stones consisted of renal stone in 14.5 per cent, ureteral stone in 45.6 per cent, bladder stone in 25.6 per cent and urethral stone in 13 per cent. 5. The stones were most commonly found between the ages of 20 to 50. The upper urinary tract calculi were more frequently seen in young adults but in aged and children lower urinary tract calculi were common. 6. The stones were found to occur predominantly in males than in females and the ratio was 5.4 : 1. 7. The upper urinary tract calculi occurred both in the left and right sides with approximately equal frequency. It was estimated that bilateral urinary calculi occurred in 6 per cent of the cases. 8. Multilocations of the stones in the urinary tracts occurred in 7 per cent of the total stones. 9. Seventy-three per cent of the ureteral stones were lodged in the lower ureter. 10. The results of qualitative chemical examination of stones were calcium oxalate in 30.7 per cent, calcium phosphate in 28.5 per cent, apatite in 19.3 per cent, uric acid and calcium phosphate in 9.1 per cent, uric acid and calcium oxalate in 6.8 per cent, uric acid in 3.4 per cent, and carbonate in 2.2 per cent. 11. Three hundred and nine of 468 cases were treated in the clinic. Spontaneous passage occurred in 10.4 per cent, 41.6 per cent were expelled following instrumental manipulation and 18.6 per cent were subjected to surgical intervention.