ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Nkx2.5 is a homeodomain-containing nuclear transcription protein that has been associated with acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia. In addition, Nkx2.5 has an essential role in cardiomyogenesis. However, the expression of Nkx2.5 in the skin has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: In an attempt to screen the differentially regulated genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation, using a cDNA microarray, we identified Nkx2.5 as one of the transcription factors controlling the expression of proteins associated with keratinocyte differentiation. METHODS: To investigate the expression of Nkx2.5 during keratinocyte differentiation, we used a calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation model. RESULTS: RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of Nkx2.5, in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes, increased with calcium treatment in a time-dependent manner. In normal skin tissue, the expression of Nkx2.5 was detected in the nuclei of the keratinocytes in all layers of the epidermis except the basal layer by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the expression of Nkx2.5 was significantly increased in psoriasis and squamous cell carcinoma, but was barely detected in atopic dermatitis and basal cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Nkx2.5 may play a role in the change from proliferation to differentiation of keratinocytes and in the pathogenesis of skin disease with aberrant keratinocyte differentiation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Blotting, Western , Calcium , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Dermatitis, Atopic , Epidermis , Immunohistochemistry , Keratinocytes , Leukemia , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Proteins , Psoriasis , Skin , Skin Diseases , Transcription FactorsABSTRACT
The protooncogene c-myc is known to be associated with both cell proliferation and apoptosis. The possible cellular affects of castration on the ventral prostate gland of rat as well as the relationship to a castration induced c-myc expression were examined. Levels of c-myc mRNA in the ventral prostate gland peaked at 6 h (early induction) and 48 h (late induction) after castration, respectively. Castration-induced DNA fragmentation was not observed at an early induction of c-myc mRNA. DNA fragmentation appeared to be testosterone-dependent. On the other hand, cellular DNA synthesis measured by [3H]thymidine uptake in the ventral prostate gland was increased to maximum at 6 h after castration. These results suggest that an early induction of c-myc mRNA in ventral prostate gland after castration is closely associated with cell proliferation of the gland.
Subject(s)
Male , Rats , Animals , Apoptosis , Cell Division , DNA Fragmentation , Orchiectomy , Prostate/cytology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/biosynthesis , RNA, Messenger , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Percutaneous chemical neurolysis of sacral nerve with phenol was performed on 11 cases of hyperreflexic bladder to augment bladder capacity and to make intermittent clean catheterization more feasible. Urodynamic evaluations were done before and after chemical neurolysis. Followup ranged from 10 months to 16 months(mean 13 months). Mean bladder capacity increased significantly after chemical neurolysis ( from 157.5ml to 340ml). No significant changes in bowel or injection sites were noted. Continence was improved in 100%, with 7 patients remaining completely dry and voiding with intermittent self-catheterization. The long term results were necessary but we considered the chemolysis of sacral nerve was available modality for hyperreflexic bladder patients, who did not respond to anticholinergic medication, before decide the more aggressive alternatives, such as augmentation cystoplasty or urinary diversion.
Subject(s)
Humans , Catheterization , Catheters , Follow-Up Studies , Nerve Block , Phenol , Urinary Bladder , Urinary Diversion , UrodynamicsABSTRACT
Prazosin blocks the alpha-1 adrenergic receptor of sympathetic nerve. The effects of prazosin in patient with epidural lumbar anesthesia were analyzed with blind test. In a prospective randomized study, we compared a group of 25 patients who received prazosin with a control group of 58 patients. Forty-one( 70.7 %) of 58 patients developed acute urinary retention. In 11 of 25 patients(44 %), who were medicated with prazosin(3mg. per 18 hours) urinary retention was noted ( p >0.05). Mean catheterization rate in urinary retented patients was 1.61 in control group(41 cases), and was 1.27 in prazosin medicated group( 11 case) (p <0.05). Prazosin is an effective drug not only to prevent acute urinary retention but also to reduce the need for catherization.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthesia , Anesthesia, Epidural , Catheterization , Catheters , Prazosin , Prospective Studies , Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 , Urinary RetentionABSTRACT
Augmentation cystoplasty is effective in the rehabilitation of the contracted bladder of small capacity caused by tuberculosis or interstitial cystitis refractory to more conservative methods of management. Genitourinary tuberculosis is the most common cause of contracted bladder in Korea and it may lead to considerable vesicoureteral reflux and progressive deterioration of renal function. The use of hemi-Kock ileal pouch with an afferent intussuscepted nipple is a suitable solution in patient in whom the bladder outflow tract provides adequate resistance and supratrigonal cystectomy is to be performed with construction of an antireflux mechanism. Herein, we report 4 cases of hemi-Kock ileocystoplasty.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cystectomy , Cystitis, Interstitial , Korea , Nipples , Rehabilitation , Tuberculosis , Urinary Bladder , Vesico-Ureteral RefluxABSTRACT
From August l985 through June l987, ll patients were performed urinary diversion with Skinner`s modified Kock continent ileal reservoir. Postoperative follow up presently is between 2 months and 20 months. The following results were obtained. l. This operation was performed in 9 bladder cancers, I vesicovaginal fistula and l neurogenic bladder. 2. Early complications were acute pyelonephritis, wound infection, urine leakage of reservoir difficult self catheterization, acute renal failure, hepatic dysfunction and ileocutaneous fistula. 3. Late complications were asymptomatic bacteriuria, stone formation in reservoir, intestinal obstruction, incontinence and ureteral reflux. 4. Surgical management was applied for correction of incontinence or difficult self catheterization but the latter patient died of acute renal failure. 5. Progressive renal deterioration, metabolic disturbance, nutritional deficiency and electrolyte imbalance not been encountered in any cases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acute Kidney Injury , Bacteriuria , Catheterization , Catheters , Colonic Pouches , Fistula , Follow-Up Studies , Intestinal Obstruction , Malnutrition , Pyelonephritis , Ureter , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic , Urinary Diversion , Vesicovaginal Fistula , Wound InfectionABSTRACT
Renal lipomas are among the rearest of renal tumors. They probably originate from fat cells within renal capsule or parenchyma. The tumors are confined within renal capsule, in contrast to the perirenal lipomas, which are extracapsular. We recently encountered a case of renal lipoma with bladder stone and diabetes mellitus in 61 years old male patient.