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1.
Arch. med. res ; 28(1): 121-7, mar. 1997. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-225206

ABSTRACT

Theoretical predictions of disease prevalence due to helminth infections based upon a simple probabilistica model which considers the infection prevalence, the mean worm urden and the degree of worm aggregation are presented. A numerical reappraisal of the likely estimates of the degree of aggregation based upon maximun likelihood estimates of the negative binomial distribution is presented. The prevalence of disease shows a positive relationship with the mean worm burden. This association is hyperbolic when helminth parasites are severely aggregated but is s-shaped when helminth parasites tend to be oversidpersed. The prevalence of disease decreases with the degree of worm aggregation whem the values of the mean intensity are low; as the mean intensity increases this association becomes positive. The relationship between prevalence of disease and prevalence of infection is hyperbolic for severe degrees of parasite aggregation and is s-shaped for intermediate degrees of aggregation. However, if the mean intesnsity is low and the degree of aggreation is high there could be a negative raltionship between the prevalence of disease due to helminth parasites is feasible for determined ranges of values of the infection prevalence, mena intensity and the degree of worm clumping


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Helminthiasis/epidemiology , Helminthiasis/parasitology , Helminthiasis/transmission , Helminths/isolation & purification , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/transmission , Mexico/epidemiology , Prevalence
2.
Salud pública Méx ; 38(4): 249-256, jul.-ago. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-184055

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Descubrir la heterogeneidad de la reinfección por Ascaris lumbricoides según grupos de edad, en distintos intervalos, después de un primer tratamiento antihelmíntico masivo. Material y métodos. A partir de datos de la prevalencia e intensidad de la infección por A. lumbricoides obtenidos en un estudio epidemiológico de ascariasis, realizado en Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, México, se deriva el grado de agregación por medio del método de máxima verosimilitud, asumiendo una distribución binomial negativa del parásito en el huésped. Resultados. Se muestra que la distribución del parásito en el huésped es distinta en el ámbito poblacional que en el de grupos de edad, que la recuperación de la infección no es uniforme; y que la dinámica de asociación huésped-parásito exhibe una marcada desestabilización de su equilibrio endémico después de una primera intervención de masas. Conclusiones. Lo anterior sugiere que existe una alta variabilidad en la agregación entre los distintos grupos de edad y, por tanto, la infección y la reinfección son heterogéneas respecto a la edad. Después de la desestabilización del equilibrio endémico, los estados que alcanza el sistema huésped-parásito son transitorios. Dada la heterogeneidad de la infección, los tratamientos selectivos parecen ser la estrategia más adecuada para disminuirla


Objective. The degree of aggregation is determined for the whole population and for different age-specific strata and is used for assessing the reinfection rate after a mass antihelminthic chemotherapeutic intervention. Material and methods. The degree of aggregation of Ascaris lumbricoides is derived from prevalence and intensity of infection data obtained from an epidemiological study of ascariasis carried out in Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, México by means of maximum likelihood estimation of the negative binomial distribution. Results. The results show that the distribution of the parasite for the whole population differs from the distribution of the parasite within each age-specific stratum; the reinfection rate is not uniform; the dynamics of the hostparasite association exhibits a clear destabilization of its endemic equilibrium after a first round of mass treatment.Conclusions. It is suggested that the aggregation among the different age-groups is highly variable and hence the infection and reinfection rates are heterogeneous with regard to age; these states of the host-parasite system are transient. Given the heterogeneity of the infection, the selective treatment seems to be the most adequate strategy to diminish helminth infection rates.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Ascariasis/drug therapy , Ascaris lumbricoides , Nematode Infections/diagnosis , Nematode Infections/drug therapy , Nematode Infections/epidemiology , Anthelmintics/administration & dosage , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use
3.
Salud pública Méx ; 31(1): 3-17, ene.-feb. 1989. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-68240
5.
Salud pública Méx ; 29(6): 481-491, nov.-dic. 1987. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-61204

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se presentan los elementos básicos de los modelos matemáticos sobre la dinámica de poblaciones del SIDA con los que se pueden hacer predicciones sobre el curso de la epidemia a largo plazo. El umbral de la epidemia puede calcularse a partir del coeficiente de variación de la distribución de la actividad sexual y/o, en forma aproximada, como la suma del período de incubación más la duración de la infecciosidad


Subject(s)
Humans , Probability , Models, Statistical , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Mexico , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission
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