Comparative venomic profiles of three spiders of the genus Phoneutria

Abstract Background: Spider venoms induce different physio-pharmacological effects by binding with high affinity on molecular targets, therefore being of biotechnological interest. Some of these toxins, acting on different types of ion channels, have been identified in the venom of spiders of the genus Phoneutria, mainly from P. nigriventer. In spite of the pharmaceutical potential demonstrated by P. nigriventer toxins, there is limited information on molecules from venoms of the same genus, as their toxins remain poorly characterized. Understanding this diversity and clarifying the differences in the mechanisms of action of spider toxins is of great importance for establishing their true biotechnological potential. This prompted us to compare three different venoms of the Phoneutria genus: P. nigriventer (Pn-V), P. eickstedtae (Pe-V) and P. pertyi (Pp-V). Methods: Biochemical and functional comparison of the venoms were carried out by SDS-PAGE, HPLC, mass spectrometry, enzymatic activities and electrophysiological assays (whole-cell patch clamp). Results: The employed approach revealed that all three venoms had an overall similarity in their components, with only minor differences. The presence of a high number of similar proteins was evident, particularly toxins in the mass range of ~6.0 kDa. Hyaluronidase and proteolytic activities were detected in all venoms, in addition to isoforms of the toxins Tx1 and Tx2-6. All Tx1 isoforms blocked Nav1.6 ion currents, with slight differences. Conclusion: Our findings showed that Pn-V, Pe-V and Pp-V are highly similar concerning protein composition and enzymatic activities, containing isoforms of the same toxins sharing high sequence homology, with minor modifications. However, these structural and functional variations are very important for venom diversity. In addition, our findings will contribute to the comprehension of the molecular diversity of the venoms of the other species from Phoneutria genus, exposing their biotechnological potential as a source for searching for new active molecules.

Comparative venomic profiles of three spiders of the genus Phoneutria

Spider venoms induce different physio-pharmacological effects by binding with high affinity on molecular targets, therefore being of biotechnological interest. Some of these toxins, acting on different types of ion channels, have been identified in the venom of spiders of the genus Phoneutria, mainly from P. nigriventer. In spite of the pharmaceutical potential demonstrated by P. nigriventer toxins, there is limited information on molecules from venoms of the same genus, as their toxins remain poorly characterized. Understanding this diversity and clarifying the differences in the mechanisms of action of spider toxins is of great importance for establishing their true biotechnological potential. This prompted us to compare three different venoms of the Phoneutria genus: P. nigriventer (Pn-V), P. eickstedtae (Pe-V) and P. pertyi (Pp-V). Methods: Biochemical and functional comparison of the venoms were carried out by SDS-PAGE, HPLC, mass spectrometry, enzymatic activities and electrophysiological assays (whole-cell patch clamp). Results: The employed approach revealed that all three venoms had an overall similarity in their components, with only minor differences. The presence of a high number of similar proteins was evident, particularly toxins in the mass range of ~6.0 kDa. Hyaluronidase and proteolytic activities were detected in all venoms, in addition to isoforms of the toxins Tx1 and Tx2-6. All Tx1 isoforms blocked Nav1.6 ion currents, with slight differences. Conclusion: Our findings showed that Pn-V, Pe-V and Pp-V are highly similar concerning protein composition and enzymatic activities, containing isoforms of the same toxins sharing high sequence homology, with minor modifications. However, these structural and functional variations are very important for venom diversity. In addition, our findings will contribute to the comprehension of the molecular diversity of the venoms of the other species from Phoneutria genus, exposing their biotechnological potential as a source for searching for new active molecules.(AU)

Acute kidney injury in leptospirosis: Overview and perspectives

Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease disseminated through the centuries in the whole world which causes symptoms that go from self-limited diseases to hemorrhagic manifestations and organ failure, including acute kidney injury (AKI), composing the severe disease known as the Weil's syndrome. Mortality rates varies according to the clinical presentation and usually increases when kidney injury is present, and is even higher in the setting of pulmonary hemorrhage. There are recent advances in the search for novel biomarkers of renal involvement and early detection of AKI in leptospirosis, as well as in its pathophysiology. We review in this article the clinical aspects of leptospirosis-associated AKI and the perspectives for future research.

Prefabricated composite resin veneers: a clinical case report / Facetas pré-fabricadas em resina composta: relato de caso

The authors present a complete clinical case report of functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of the smile harmony of a 23-year-old male patient through periodontal plastic surgery, tooth bleaching and prefabricated composite resin veneers, emphasizing the advantages, limitations and patient's perceptions about the treatment. After clinical and radiographic evaluations, extra and intra-oral photographs were taken, plaster study models were obtained, digital smile design and diagnostic wax-up were performed. The patient accepted and authorized the proposed dental procedures. The treatment proved to be effective, being a practical and safe approach, with aesthetic recovery of the smile harmony and patient satisfaction. (AU)

Os autores apresentam um caso clínico completo envolvendo reabilitação funcional e estética da harmonia do sorriso de um paciente de 23 anos de idade através da associação de plastia gengival, clareamento dental e facetas pré-fabricadas de resina composta, ressaltando vantagens, limitações e a percepção do paciente. Após análise clínica, radiográfica, realizouse fotos intra/extra orais, obteve-se modelos de estudo em gesso e foram realizados o planejamento digital do sorriso e enceramento diagnóstico. Os procedimentos propostos foram aceitos e autorizados pelo paciente antes da sua realização. O tratamento realizado mostrou-se efetivo como uma alternativa prática e segura, com restabelecimento estético e satisfação do paciente.(AU)

Phytochemical study of Pilosocereus pachycladus and antibiotic-resistance modifying activity of syringaldehyde

ABSTRACT Pilosocereus pachycladus F. Ritter, Cactaceae, popularly known as "facheiro", is used as food and traditional medicine in Brazilian caatinga ecoregion. The plant is used to treat prostate inflammation and urinary infection. The present work reports the first secondary metabolites isolated from P. pachycladus. Therefore, the isolated compound 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde (syringaldehyde) was evaluated as modulator of Staphylococcus aureus pump efflux-mediated antibiotic resistance. The isolation of compounds was performed using chromatographic techniques and the structural elucidation was carried out by spectroscopic methods. In order to evaluate syringaldehyde ability to modulate S. aureus antibiotic resistance, its minimum inhibitory concentrations (µg/ml) was first determinate, then, the tested antibiotics minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined in the presence of the syringaldehyde in a sub-inhibitory concentration. The chromatographic procedures led to isolation of twelve compounds from P. pachycladus including fatty acids, steroids, chlorophyll derivatives, phenolics and a lignan. The syringaldehyde did not show any antibacterial activity at 256 µg/ml against S. aureus. On the other hand the compound was able to reduce the antibiotic concentration (tetracycline, norfloxacin, ethidium bromide) required to inhibit the growth of drug-resistant bacteria, showing the ability of syringaldehyde of inhibiting the efflux pump on these bacteria.

Hemangioma gástrico como causa de hemorragia digestiva alta / Gastric hemangioma as a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding

El hemangioma gástrico como causa de hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) es un evento clínico raro. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 83 años con historia de dolor abdominal, intolerancia oral y melena con pérdida de peso de 8 Kg. En la endoscopía digestiva alta muestra una lesión elevada en antro gástrico con úlcera y vaso visible en su parte superior el cual recibe terapia endoscópica, en la tomografía abdominal se observa una tumoración dependiente de pared gástrica de contornos definidos captadora de contraste. Por persistencia HDA con descompensación hemodinámica ingresa a laparotomía exploratoria encontrándose una tumoración vascularizada que en el estudio histopatológico se concluye como hemangioma cavernoso gástrico.

Gastric hemangioma as a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a rare event. We present the case of an 83 years old male with a history of abdominal pain, vomiting and melena, along with an 8 Kg weight loss. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed an elevated, ulcerated lesion in the gastric antrum with a visible vessel, for which he receives endoscopic therapy. In the abdominal computed tomography, a contrast enhancing, well-circumscribed mass attached to the gastric wall is observed. Due to the persistence of the UGIB, the patient suffers hemodynamic decompensation and undergoes exploratory laparotomy, where a vascularized mass is found. The pathology report informs a gastric cavernous hemangioma

Antifungal effect of 7-hydroxycitronellal against C. Tropicalis strains: an in vitro approach / Efeito antifúngico do 7-hidroxicitronelal contra cepas de C. Tropicalis: uma abordagem in vitro

The fungi of the genus Candida play a relevant role in the emergence of oral infections and are increasingly more frequent the cases of infections by non-albicans strains. In light of this context and the need for new alternatives to the antimicrobial therapy, the monoterpene [7-hidroxicitronelal] (7-HO) was evaluated for its antifungal effects. For the obtainment of the MIC and MFC values the broth microdilution method was used. The MIC and the MFC of this monoterpene for 60% of the tested strains was of 256µg/mL and 512µg/mL respectively. Furthermore, the standard antifungal nystatin (100UI/mL) was used as positive control for the inhibition of fungal growth. Therefore, were used 4 clinical strains of the species tropicalis (LM 06, LM 14, LM 31 and LM 36) and a standard strain (C. tropicalis ATCC 13803), originated from the Mycology collection of the Mycology Laboratory (LM) of the Health Sciences Center (CCS) of the Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB). The results obtained in this study showed fungicide activity of the compound (7-OH) against the strains of C. tropicalis.

Os fungos do gênero Candida tem um papel relevante no aparecimento de infecções orais e são cada vez mais frequentes os casos de infecções por cepas não-albicans. Diante deste contexto e da necessidade de novas alternativas para a terapia antimicrobiana, o monoterpeno [7-hidroxicitronelal] (7-HO) foi avaliado pelos seus efeitos antifúngicos. Para a obtenção dos valores da CIM e da CFM foi utilizado o método da microdiluição em caldo. A CIM e a CFM deste monoterpeno para 60% das cepas testadas foram de 256µg/mL e 512µg/mL respectivamente. Além disso, o antifúngico padrão nistatina (100UI/mL) foi utilizado como controle positivo para inibir o crescimento fúngico. Por tanto, foram utilizadas 4 cepas clínicas da espécie tropicalis (LM 06, LM 14, LM 31 e LM 36) e uma cepa padrão (C. tropicalis ATCC 13803), oriundas da Micoteca do Laboratório de Micologia (LM) do Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS) da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB). Os resultados obtidos neste estudo mostraram atividade fungicida do composto (7-OH) contra as cepas de C. tropicalis.

Avaliação da Vergonha em Adolescentes: 'The Other as Shamer Scale' / Assessment of Shame in Adolescents: The 'Other as Shamer' Scale

RESUMO A vergonha, entendida como uma emoção autoconsciente, multifacetada e socialmente focada, desempenha um papel central na saúde mental dos indivíduos. Nos adolescentes, é também uma experiência frequente, sendo importante a sua avaliação para a investigação e prática clinica. Este estudo pretende validar uma medida breve de vergonha externa (Escala de Vergonha Externa - Versão breve para Adolescentes [OASB-A]). Participaram 834 adolescentes com uma média de 15 anos. O modelo final da OASB-A (8 itens), obtido por meio da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória, apresenta um bom ajustamento aos dados, invariância para o sexo, boa consistência interna e fidedignidade temporal adequada. As correlações com as experiências traumáticas de vergonha (IES-R) e sintomatologia psicopatológica (DASS-21) são significativas. A OASB-A é uma medida válida e econômica para avaliação da vergonha externa em adolescentes.

ABSTRACT Shame, as a self-conscious, multidimensional and socially focused emotion, plays a central role in the mental health of individuals. In adolescents, shame is also a frequent experience and its assessment is important for research and clinical practice. This study aims to validate a brief measure of external shame (Other as Shamer Scale - brief version for adolescents [OASB-A]). The participants were 834 adolescents with a mean age of 15 years. The final model of the OASB-A (8 items), obtained through CFA, presents a good fit to the data. The OASB-A shows a good internal consistency and an adequate temporal reliability. The OASB-A also reveals significant correlations with traumatic shame experiences (IES-R) and psychopathological symptoms (DASS-21). The OASB-A is an economic and reliable measure to assess external shame in adolescents.

In vitro anti-Candida activity and mechanism of action of the flavonoid isolated from Praxelis clematidea against Candida albicans species.

The prevalence of candidiasis in the world is high. Candida species are able to create superficial and systemic infections. Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen, causing mycoses in immunocompromised patients as well as long-term antibiotic users. The present study objective was to evaluate in vitro anti-candida effect of this compost isolated from Praxelis clematidea. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined by the broth microdilution techniques. We also investigated possible flavonoid 5,7,4´trimethoxflavone (TMF) action on cell walls (0.8 M sorbitol) and cell membranes (TMF to ergosterol binding). The MIC50 of flavonoid were 64 𝜇g/mL and tha MFC50 was 64 𝜇g/mL. Involvement with the cell wall and ergosterol binding were comproved as possible mechanisms of action. In conclusion the flavonoid showed in vitro antifungal potential against strains of C. albicans.

Habituation of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus to Origanum vulgare L. essential oil does not induce direct-tolerance and cross-tolerance to salts and organic acids

Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus strains that were isolated from foods were investigated for their ability to develop direct-tolerance and cross-tolerance to sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) after habituation in sublethal amounts (1/2 of the minimum inhibitory concentration - 1/2 MIC and 1/4 of the minimum inhibitory concentration - 1/4 MIC) of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OVEO). The habituation of S. aureus to 1/2 MIC and 1/4 MIC of OVEO did not induce direct-tolerance or cross-tolerance in the tested strains, as assessed by modulation of MIC values. Otherwise, exposing the strains to OVEO at sublethal concentrations maintained or increased the sensitivity of the cells to the tested stressing agents because the MIC values of OVEO, NaCl, KCl, LA and AA against the cells that were previously habituated to OVEO remained the same or decreased when compared with non-habituated cells. These data indicate that OVEO does not have an inductive effect on the acquisition of direct-tolerance or cross-tolerance in the tested enterotoxigenic strains of S. aureus to antimicrobial agents that are typically used in food preservation.

Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus from food contact surfaces in a meat-based broth and sensitivity to sanitizers

This study assessed the capacity of adhesion, the detachment kinetic and the biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food services on stainless steel and polypropylene surfaces (2 x 2 cm) when cultivated in a meat-based broth at 28 and 7 ºC. It was also to study the efficacy of the sanitizers sodium hypochlorite (250 mg/L) and peracetic acid (30 mg/L) in inactivating the bacterial cells in the preformed biofilm. S. aureus strains adhered in high numbers regardless the assayed surface kind and incubation temperature over 72 h. Cells detachment of surfaces revealed high persistence over the incubation period. Number of cells needed for biofilm formation was noted at all experimental systems already after 3 days. Peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite were not efficient in completely removing the cells of S. aureus adhered on polypropylene and stainless steel surfaces. From these results, the assayed strains revealed high capacity to adhere and form biofilm on polypropylene and stainless steel surfaces under different growth conditions. Moreover, the cells in biofilm matrix were resistant for total removal when submitted to the exposure to sanitizers.

Resistência ao cisalhamento e padrão de condicionamento de sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes em esmalte intacto e preparado / Shear bond strength and etching pattern of self-etching bonding agents on ground and intact enamel

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of four self-etching adhesive systems on intact and ground enamel, and also to evaluate the morphology of the enamel surface after etching.Methods: A total of 100 bovine central lower incisors were randomly divided into five groups: Single Bond (3M ESPE, St. Paul, USA), Adper Prompt L Pop (3M ESPE, St. Paul, USA), Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray America, USA), One-up Bond F (Tokuyama Corp., Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan) and AdheSE (Ivoclar/Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). Each group was subdivided (n=10), according to the surface preparation (intact or ground enamel). For intact enamel, the teeth were pumiced and ground enamel surfaces were obtained with wet 320-grit SiC paper. A circular (4mm) bonding area was demarcated and resin rods (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, USA) were built (5mm) for the shear test, followed by failure mode analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy. In addition, 12 teeth were prepared for the evaluation of the etching pattern by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey?s test (p<0.05). Results: Significant differences were observed between the Shear bond strength values for the adhesive systems (p<0.001). No differences were found between the two substrates (p=0.598) nor any interaction between the adhesive systems versus substrate (p=0.404). The etching patterns were generally observed as mild when compared to phosphoric acid, except for Adper Prompt L Pop (3M ESPE, St. Paul, USA), which was similar to phosphoric acid. Conclusion: Shear bond strength was not influenced by the type of substrate (intact or ground enamel), and no correlation was observed between the Shear bond strength values and the etching pattern of the self-etching adhesives studied.

Objetivo: Avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento e o padrão de condicionamento de quatro sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes em esmalte intacto e preparado. Métodos: Cem incisivos centrais inferiores bovinos foram aleatoriamente divididos em cinco grupos: Single Bond (3M ESPE, St. Paul, USA), Adper Prompt L Pop (3M ESPE, St. Paul, USA), Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray America, USA), One-up Bond F (Tokuyama Corp., Shibuya-ku, Tokio, Japan) e AdheSE (Ivoclar/Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). Cada grupo foi subdividido (n=10) de acordo com o tipo de superfície. Os dentes com esmalte intacto foram limpos com pasta de pedra pommes/água e os com esmalte preparado tiveram a superfície do esmalte desgastada com lixas d?água (n.320). Uma área circular (4mm) foi demarcada para adesão e os cilindros de resina (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, USA) foram confeccionados (5mm). Após o ensaio resistência ao cisalhamento, foi realizada a avaliação do modo de fratura. Doze dentes foram preparados para avaliação do padrão de condicionamento em Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada através do teste ANOVA para 2 fatores e teste de Tukey (p<0.05). Resultados: Diferenças estatisticamente significante foram observadas para a resistência ao cisalhamento entre os sistemas adesivos (p<0.001). Não foram observadas diferenças entre os substratos (p=0.598) ou ainda interações entre o sistema adesivo versus o substrato (p=0.404). Os padrões de condicionamento observados foram classificados em leve em relação ao padrão após o condicionamento com o ácido fosfórico, com exceção do padrão observado para o adesivo Adper Prompt L Pop (3M ESPE, St. Paul, USA). Conclusão: A resistência ao cisalhamento não foi influenciada pelo tipo de substrato, e, nenhuma correlação entre os valores de resistência ao cisalhamento e padrão de condicionamento dos adesivos autocondicionantes estudados foi observado.

Nutritional value and antinutritional factors of foliaceous vegetable Talinum fruticosum

Talinum fruticosum Juss (L.) is an unconventional plant belonging to the family Portulacaceae; it is a herbaceous perennial plant that grows in tropical regions as a foliaceous vegetable. T.fruticosum leaves area source of fiber and minerals and they contribute to assemble the micronutrients for daily nutritional requirements. These plants supply the essential nutrients to the human organism; however, these plants contain antinutritinal factors such as lectins and tannins which may compromise their bioavailability. In the present study, the T. fruticosum leaves samples were investigated on proximate composition and anti nutritional factors. Samples were exposed to heat treatment for washing and for cooking for 10 min. These procedures neither signifcantly changed the carbohydrates and lipids contents, nor eliminated the hemagglutinating activity which is inactivated at 70 °C, although no effective reduction of tannin from the leaves was observed.

Atividade inibitória das folhas e caule de Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess frente a microrganismos com diferentes perfis de resistência a antibióticos / Inhibitory activity of aerial parts of Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess against microorganisms with variation profile antibiotic-resistant

A avaliação antimicrobiana das partes aéreas de Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess, Crassulaceae, a qual é comumente utilizada para o tratamento de inflamações da mucosa oral, bronquites e congestão nasal, é relatada. Esta atividade foi avaliada em discos de Petri usando o método de difusão para a determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (MIC) e cinética bactericida. Foram usadas amostras bacterianas gram-positivas, gram-negativas e cepas de fungos leveduriformes do gênero Cândida. Apenas o óleo essencial demonstrou ser efetivo, apresentando atividade frente amostras gram-positivas de Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) meticilina resistente. A ação observada foi considerada bacteriostática por reduzir um log10 UFC/mL a partir da sexta hora de exposição da amostra ao óleo essencial nas concentrações de 4 por cento e 8 por cento. Compostos fenólicos estão presentes em óleo essencial, sugerindo que o efeito foi devido à presença dos mesmos. Por este motivo à planta Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess pode representar uma alternativa terapêutica para infecções provocadas por Staphylococcus aureus.

This study reports the antimicrobial evaluation of the aerial parts of Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess, Crassulaceae, commonly used for the treatment of the oral mucosa inflammation, bronchitis and nasal congestion. The antimicrobial activity was assayed in petri dishes using the diffusion method for determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the kill curve kinetic methods. It were used gram-positive and gram-negative strain, leveduriforms fungi strain classified in genus Cândida. Only the essential oil showed activity against methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This action was considered bacteriostatic with the reduction to one log10 CFU/ml after six hour of exhibition at the concentration of 4 percent and 8 percent. There are studies accounts that polyphenols are present in the essential oil and are active against bacteria. K. brasiliensis is rich in polyphenols suggering that the antimicrobial effect showed is due to this. For this reason, the plant Kalanchoe brasiliensis, can represent a therapeutic alternative against infections caused for Staphylococcus aureus.

Effectiveness of Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) essential oil in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical material

Staphylococcus aureus is a classical pathogen microorganism and it is commonly recognized as etiological agent of many community and nosocomial infections. Regarding the knowledge about the biological properties of Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae), this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of its essential oil in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus strains isolated from clinical materials and with different profiles of antibiotic resistance. The results showed prominent anti-S. aureus activity of L. sidoides essential oil noted by large growth inhibition zones (15-21 mm). MIC found was of 0.4 µL/mL for all assayed strains. MIC presented prominent effectiveness in inhibiting the viability of S. aureus in broth during twenty-four hours of exposure characterizing a bacteriostatic effect. These results show the promising anti-staphylococcal property of L. sidoides essential oil and support the possibility of its rational use as alternative antibacterial agent.

Staphylococcus aureus apresenta-se como um microrganismo patogênico clássico sendo comumente reconhecido como agente etiológico de infecções comunitárias e hospitalares. Considerando o conhecimento acerca das propriedades biológicas apresentadas por Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae), este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a efetividade de seu óleo essencial em inibir o crescimento de cepas de S. aureus com diferentes perfis de resistência antibiótica isoladas de material clínico. Os resultados mostraram destacável atividade anti-S. aureus do óleo essencial de L. sidoides notada por grandes halos de inibição do crescimento bacteriano (15-21 mm). A CIM encontrada foi de 0.4 µL/mL para todas as cepas ensaiada. A CIM apresentou destacável efetividade de inibição da viabilidade de S. aureus em caldo durante vinte e quatro horas de interação caracterizando um efeito bacteriostático. Estes resultados mostram a destacável atividade antiestafilocócica do óleo essencial de L. sidoides, bem como suportam a possibilidade de seu uso racional como agente antimicrobiano alternativo.

Análise comparativa entre suturas convencionais e adesivos à base de 2-octilcianoacrilato: revisão de literatura / Comparative analysis of conventional sutures and 2-octyl-cyanoacrilate adhesives: a review of the literature

O 2-octil-cianoacrilato tem sido utilizado em diversos campos das especialidades cirúrgicas como adesivo no fechamento de retalhos gengivais e em lacerações mucosas e cutâneas, capeamento pulpar em restaurações dentárias com sucesso e aceitabilidade, além de apresentar uma ótima resposta imunológica. O Nylon, dentre os fios de sutura convencionais, é o que apresenta melhor resposta biológica, cicatricial e capacidade de coaptação de bordos de uma ferida incisa. Tendo em vista as necessidades estéticas, o cianoacrilato tem sido aplicado com resultados satisfatórios, quando comparado às suturas com o fio de Nylon, pois apresenta melhor capacidade de coaptação dos bordos de uma lesão de pele, menor cicatriz residual e biocompatibilidade, estando limitado, pois, a zonas de baixa tensão tecidual. Frente a estas considerações, este trabalho detém-se em desenvolver um estudo comparativo entre o 2-octil-cianoacrilato e o fio de sutura de Nylon, haja vista as peculiaridades, nível de cicatrização, baixa zona de tensão tecidual e estética.

Padrões de resistência à cefalexina e ofloxacina em staphylococcus aureus / Resistance standards of cephalexin and ofloxacin in staphylococcus aureus

Objetivos: Determinar a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de cefalexina e ofloxacina, sobre amostras de Staphylococcus aureus, de origem humana hospitalar, isoladas no Estado da Paraíba - Brasil. Material e Métodos: Foram utilizadas, no presente trabalho, 19 amostras de S. aureus de origem humana hospitalar, obtidas a partir de pacientes internados no Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley/UFPB, caracterizadas fenotipicamente como sensíveis e resistentes à meticilina. A determinação da concentração inibitória mínima(CIM) foi realizada utilizando-se o método da diluição em placas (NCCLS, 1988). Resultados: Das 19 amostras, 17 (89,47 por cento) apresentaram resistência à cefalexina (CIM³ 4 mg.ml-1) e em apenas três amostras ensaiadas (15,78 por cento), foi observado resistência à ofloxacina (CIM³ 4 mg.ml-1). Tais amostras são resistentes à meticilina. Conclusão: A ofloxacina apresentou uma potente atividade antimicrobiana sobre as amostras de S. aureus sensíveis (MSSA) e ou resistentes à meticilina (MRSA)

Atividade Antimicrobiana de Fluorquinolonas sobre Staphylococcus Aureus Hospitalares / Antimicrobial Activity of Fluoroquinolones on Nosocomial Staphylococcus Aureus

Objetivos: Determinar a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro das fluorquinolonas: ciprofloxacina, lomefloxacina, norfloxacina e ofloxacina sobre amostras de Staphylococcus aureus de origem humana hospitalar isoladas no Estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Material e Métodos: Foram utilizadas no presente trabalho 37 amostras de S.aureus de origem humana hospitalar, obtidas a partir de pacientes internados no Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley/UFPB (João Pessoa-Paraíba-Brasil). A determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM), foi realizada utilizando-se o método da diluição em placas (NCCLS, 1988). Resultados: Das 37 amostras estudadas, duas apresentaram resistência à ciprofloxacina e lomefloxacina e norfloxacina (CIM maior ou igual 8 µg.ml­¹) e apenas uma apresentou resistência às quatro fluorquinolonas ensaiadas (CIM maior ou igual 16 µg.ml­¹). As amostras foram resistentes a meticilina. Conclusão: As fluorquinolonas apresentaram uma potente atividade antimicrobiana sobre as amostras estudadas, tanto nas linhagens de S. aureus sensíveis à meticilina (MSSA), quanto nas resistentes à meticilina (MRSA). Os achados denotam a importância e a necessidade da avaliação periódica dos padrões de resistência a antibióticos no âmbito hospitalar, o que implicará em uma melhor conduta da antibioticoterapia contribuindo para a diminuição do surgimento de resistência a antibióticos

Alteraçöes hemodinâmicas no pneumoperitônio induzido durante cirurgias vídeo-laparoscópicas / Hemodynamic changes of induced pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic surgery

As alteraçöes hemodinâmicas que podem ocorrer nas cirurgias vídeo-laparoscópicas em funçäo da compressäo dos vasos abdominais pela confecçäo do pneumoperitônio, levam os cirurgiöes a manter especial preocupaçäo com as possíveis repercurssöes do procedimento. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as alteraçöes observadas em 34 pacientes ASA e ASA II, com idade variando entre 28 e 69 anos, pesando entre 49 e 85 kg, circunferência abdominal entre 70 e 110 cm, e distância xifo-pública entre 25 e 45 cm. Foram avaliados: pressäo do pneumoperitôneo (PPN), volume de gás carbônico (VCO2) insuflado, freqüência cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (FR), pressäo arterial sistólica (PAs), pressäo arterial diastólica (PAd) e pressäo arterial média (PAM), todas computadas antes da insuflaçäo peritonial no trans-operatório, em intervalos regulares de 20 min até a desinuflaçäo da cavidade abdominal. Os dados obidos foram avaliados considerando como significante p < 0,05. Foi constatado que todas as variáveis estudadas possuem alteraçöes nos diferentes intervalos de tempo, porém näo sendo estatisticamente significantes. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que as alteraçöes observadas säo toleradas, e näo repercutem clinicamente nos pacientes ASA I e ASA II