ABSTRACT
Lung carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide for both men and women. Established risk factors & probable risk factors, which are implicated in the occurrence of lung carcinomas have been identified and evidently present in the populace, especially in our Indian scenario, e.g., tobacco chewing, smoking & many more. With the increase in the incidence & prevalence of lung carcinomas, correct diagnosis at an appropriate time, has become a necessity. Cytomorphology has been in vogue since long and is still one of the most relied upon methods. Contemporarily, in the past few years, there has been a dramatic increase in what we know about the molecular genetic features of this disease entity & its various diagnostic applications. With this new knowledge, there have been new targeted non-chemotherapeutic agents available to the patients, which have shown variable efficacy in tumors of different histologic subtypes and molecular status. The correlation of the cellular features & the molecular status of these carcinomas can well be established as a synergistic tool for effective diagnosis&targeted therapy.