ABSTRACT
Background: Bronchiolitis is the most common disease of the lower respiratory tract during the first year of life. Although bronchiolitis is a prevalent illness in India, very few studies are performed in India regarding management of bronchiolitis. Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment concentrating on fluid replacement and gentle suctioning of nasal secretions, oxygen therapy, and respiratory support if necessary. Infants affected with bronchiolitis also have feeding difficulty which will lead to dehydration and also increase the severity of disease.Methods: A prospective randomized control study was performed in the department of Pediatrics SSMC Rewa. Nasal suction was performed in 75 patients classified under the case group. Feeding difficulty was assessed before and after the suction for 24 hours.Results: We noted that after the first episode of nasal suction which is at 0th hour feeding difficulty was persisted in most of the patients. The p-value was 0.1148 which is not significant. But from 4th hour till the 16th hour the difficulty in feeding decreased after the nasal suction, and by Chi-square test this improvement was statistically. From 20th hour difficulty in feeding still improved after nasal suction but this change was not statistically significant.Conclusions: Nasal suction is an effective supportive treatment in the patients with bronchiolitis and by its use it improves the feeding in the infants suffering from bronchiolitis.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is a condition defined as hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and acidosis in neonate. Cellular hypoxialeads to increased excretion of uric acid. This study was conducted to assess the feasibility of urine uric acid level for theidentification of kidney injury in asphyxiated newborns in first 48 h of life.Aims and objectives: The aims and objectives of this study were to evaluate the utility of urinary uric acid levels within 48 hof birth as non-invasive and early biochemical means of identifying kidney injury in birth asphyxiated neonates.Material and methods: Study design - this was a prospective observational cohort study. Settings - this study was conductedat neonatal intensive care unit in tertiary level hospital in Central India. Duration - the study duration was from July 2017 to June2018. Due to financial constraints, 100 neonates were enrolled and urine sample collected within 48 h of life was evaluated forurine uric acid level. On day 3rd of life, serum creatinine was done. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann–Whitney U-test.Results: The mean rank of urine uric acid (32.76 vs. 20.29) was significantly higher in term newborns as per asphyxia (P = 0.005). Themean rank of urine uric acid (24.13 vs. 15.46) was significantly higher in term asphyxiated as per urine output (P = 0.031). However,the mean rank of urine uric acid (23.29 vs. 16.00) was not significant in term asphyxiated newborns as per serum creatinine (P = 0.08).Conclusions: Urine uric acid = 16.10 µmole/24 h has a sensitivity (61.4%) and specificity (72.2%) for detecting asphyxia innewborns. Similarly, urine uric acid = 22.3 µmole/24 h has a sensitivity (66.7%) and specificity (91.4%) for detecting kidneyinjury in asphyxiated newborns.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the co morbidities in hospitalized children with severe acute malnourishment. Methods: 104 severe acute malnourished children were included. Results: 54% had diarrhea and 27.8% had acute respiratory tract infections. Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 22% of cases (60.8% cases in children 6-12 mo old). Malaria and Measles were diagnosed in 3.8% each, and HIV infection was seen in 2.9% cases. Signs of vitamin B and vitamin A deficiency were seen in 14.4% and 5.8% cases, respectively. Malaria and HIV were not found to be major co morbid conditions. Conclusions: Timely identification and treatment of various co-morbidities is likely to break undernutrition-disease cycle, and to decrease mortality and improve outcome.