ABSTRACT
Background: Malaria is still the most important cause of morbidity-mortality in India. NVBDCP in urban areas is implemented through UHCs. In Gujarat, 89764 malaria cases were reported in 2011 with 127 deaths with 17.9% of them being the P. vivax (Pv) cases. Ahmedabad is at the receiving end of malaria menace due to its rapid growth. Compared to 2011, significant rise in number of Pv cases has been observed in Ahmedabad in 2012. Aims & Objective: The study was carried out to assess the Pv malaria detection modalities, relevant indices, existing radical treatment strategies and adherence to national guidelines in the urban areas of Ahmedabad. Material and Methods: Data of all 9 UHCs of south zone, catering total population of approximately 1 million and showing significant rise in Pv cases were verified clubbed with field analysis, for the corresponding quarters of March, April and May of two consecutive years–2011-2012. Concerned healthcare staff was interviewed. Guidelines and definitions of national anti-malarial guidelines and operational manual were followed. Process indicators for surveillance, case finding and disease burden were considered. Results: Out of total blood smears examined, Pv cases raised from 97 (2011) to 382 (2012). Statistically significant rise of Pv% was 0.35% and 2.79% in active and passive slide collection respectively. 71% slides were actively collected in both years. QBER rose from 1.50% to 2.41%. QPI rose from 0.12 to 0.39. Successful RT completion decreased from 59.8% to 29.1%. Knowledge regarding national-anti-malarial-guidelines was satisfactory in more than 70% of healthcare functionaries. Conclusion: Number of cases significantly increased in two years, Pv-positivity rise being 1.04%. Active slide collection is static. Rise in Pv-positivity should trigger improvement in the same. Average QBER and QPI rose in two years. QBER never reached prescribed levels. Successful RT-completion is the key towards drug-resistance and relapse prevention. Adherence to national-anti-malarial-guideline is imperative.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Assessment of immunization status of children attending Pediatric OPD of a tertiary care hospital and the common causes for not giving the vaccines on time. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed with the help of a semi- structured questionnaire. Vaccination status was confirmed referring to the records of immunization available with the mothers. Site and age-specific details of the vaccines administered were also probed to ascertain the vaccine given whenever required. Results: Immunization coverage was 52.7% which was less than the national average of 61%. Coverage was highest for BCG and OPV zero vaccines (94.4%). Significant reductions in the coverage of the first and third doses of DPT, OPV and Hepatitis B vaccine were observed. There was absolutely no coverage of dT/ TT vaccine. Most common reasons for denial of vaccination were found to be negligence (35.8%) and ignorance (14.8%). The immunization coverage was higher in residents of rural areas (72.32%) and in children of literate mothers (76%). There was no significant reduction in eventual booster doses of DPT. Conclusions: Day by day, universal immunization is increasing but gaps are still visible even at tertiary care settings. Efforts are needed to strengthen the already existing policies. Aggressive sensitization and behaviour change drives targeting mothers can go a long way in achieving the same.