ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes is recognized as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality & representing as an emerging global epidemic worldwide. Diabetes and stroke both are the conditions which share various common threats. A patient with Diabetes has higher risk of stroke as compared to non Diabetics. Diabetes and stroke both affects the blood vessels. There are several biochemical pathways which are responsible for the developments of vascular complications due to hyperglycemia. Thus prevention and treatment of diabetes and stroke can reduce the risk of various vascular diseases. Cinnamomum zeylanicum has been used for the treatment of diabetes since long time. Cinnamomum zeylanicum rich in phenolic contents (antioxidants) have been identified as a major active component exhibiting antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. The present study evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum in streptozotocin induced diabetes in mice and experimentally induced global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Materials and methods: Swiss albino mice (male) weighing 20-30 g were randomized into eight groups. Diabetes was induced by administering streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, i.p).Starting from seven days after streptozotocin injection, insulin and Cinnamomum zeylanicum were administered for 3 weeks. Serum glucose level and body weight were measured weekly. Neuroprotective activity was carried out by global cerebral ischemia on swiss albino mice by carotid artery occlusion for 10 min followed by 24 hr. reperfusion. Measurement of Triglycerides, Malondialdehyde , cerebral infarct size and glutathione level was carried out at the end of the study. Results: After 21 days of treatment with Cinnamomum zeylanicum (75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, p.o) significant increase in body weight and glutathione level and a significant reduction in serum glucose level, triglycerides, MDA levels and cerebral infarct size was observed as compared to diabetic control and diabetic+ stroke group. Conclusion: The present study concludes that Polyphenolic fraction of Cinnamomum zeylanicum not only attenuates the diabetes but also reverse the cerebral infarction in mice through its neuroprotective actions and thus Cinnamomum zeylanicum may serves as a new therapeutic alternative for management of brain damage associated with type-1 diabetes
ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus (DM), is a most common problem around the world & contributes to the development of different types of complications due to various pathological changes like change in thickening of capillary basement membrane, increase in vessel wall matrix and cellular proliferation. Diabetes mellitus represents a strong independent risk factor for stroke. The current review is an attempt to summarize the possible mechanisms that has been associated with increased risk of stroke due to diabetes mellitus.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To generate evidence on engaging girls' collectives to address anemia and social norms in self-contained, privately-managed tea plantations in India. Methods: In 2006, UNICEF India partnered with a federation of tea companies in Assam's Dibrugarh district, and Twinning Corporate Social Responsibility to establish 158 girls' collectives across 117 of 273 tea gardens. These collectives meet weekly to discuss and address social issues such as child marriage, child labor, school dropout, and life skills. In 2012, supervised weekly iron folic acid (IFA) supplementation, biannual deworming and nutrition education were weaved in these peer interactions and implemented in 15 tea estates through 45 girls' collectives comprising 7097 adolescent girls, with the objective to address anemia. Visual aids, recipe demonstrations, and home gardening were used to make sessions interesting. Government positioned adequate supplies at tea estate hospitals/outposts. Two peer monitors per tea estate supervised the activities of the collectives. The follow up of this cohort included a baseline (2011) and an end line (2013) survey. Results: Compliance with weekly IFA supplementation (4 tablets per month) increased from 25% (2012) to 82% (2013). Home gardens were introduced in 1,002 homes and 55 community patches. Provisional end line data shows a 1.25 g/dl improvement in mean hemoglobin levels (9.77 to 11.2 g/dl). There is also evidence of increased girls' re-enrollment in high school and a reduction in the proportion of child marriages. Conclusions: Lessons from this public-private partnership can be adapted to similar programming environments that aim at reaching out to adolescent girls with anemia control interventions.