ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To determine whether female smokers are more or less susceptible to the detrimental pulmonary-function effects of smoking when compared to male smokers among patients with lung cancer. METHODS: Pack-years and pulmonary function indices were compared between 1,594 men and women with lung cancer ifferences in individual susceptibility to smoking were estimated using a susceptibility index formula. RESULTS: Of the patients, 959 (92.8%) men and 74 (7.2%) women were current smokers. Common histological types of lung cancer were squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma, among others. Women had a lower number of pack-years, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1, liters), forced vital capacity (FVC, liters), and total lung capacity (TLC, liters) compared to those of men (25.0 +/- 19.2 vs. 42.9 +/- 21.7 for pack-years; 1.4 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.6 for FEV1; 3.0 +/- 0.7 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.6 for FVC; 4.5 +/- 0.8 vs. 5.7 +/- 1.0 for TLC; all p < 0.001). The susceptibility index for women was significantly higher compared to that of men (1.1 +/- 4.1 vs. 0.7 +/- 1.1; p = 0.001). A significant inverse association was shown between the susceptibility index and TLC and FVC (r = -0.200 for TLC, -0.273 for FVC; all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the detrimental effects of smoking on pulmonary function are greater in women, as compared to those in men, among patients with lung cancer.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chi-Square Distribution , Cohort Studies , Gender Identity , Korea/epidemiology , Lung Neoplasms/complications , Lung Volume Measurements , Respiratory Function Tests , Risk Assessment , Sex Factors , Smoking/adverse effectsABSTRACT
A patient came to the hospital with chest pain and was diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. Coronary angioplasty was performed at the right coronary artery (RCA) and left anterior descending artery (LAD). A bare metal stent (BMS) was inserted in the RCA and a drug eluting stent (DES) was inserted in mid-LAD. The patient was discharged and was followed up as an outpatient without any symptoms. After 6 years, the patient complained of intermittent chest pain. A treadmill test was performed, and the results were positive. Follow-up coronary angiography was performed, and it showed that the DES inserted in mid-LAD had a complete stent fracture at the distal and proximal sites of the stent. Thus, we report a case of complete stent fracture at the proximal and distal sites in one drug eluting stent.