Association between Body Fat and Bone Mineral Density in Normal-Weight Middle-Aged Koreans / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis and osteopenia are characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. Although the risk of fractures is higher in underweight people than in overweight people, the accumulation of body fat (especially abdominal fat) can increase the risk of bone loss. This study aimed to evaluate the association between body fat percentage and BMD in normal-weight middle-aged Koreans. METHODS: This study included 1,992 adults (mean age, 48.7 years; 52.9% women). BMD and body fat were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multiple linear regression analyses and analysis of covariance were used to assess the association between BMD and body fat. Body fat percentage was grouped by cut-off values. The cut-off values were 20.6% and 25.7% for men with a body mass index of 18.5–22.9 kg/m2, while the cut-off values were 33.4% and 36% for women. RESULTS: Body fat percentage tended to be negatively associated with BMD. Increased body fat percentage was associated with reduced BMD in normal-weight middle-aged adults. The effects of body fat percentage on BMD in normal-weight individuals were more pronounced in men than in women. CONCLUSION: There was a negative correlation between BMD and body fat percentage in middle-aged Korean men and women with normal body weight. This association was stronger in men than in women.

The Relationship between Hyperuricemia and Triglyceride Glucose Index: Based on 2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BACKGROUND: Hyperuricemia refers to an excess of uric acid in the blood and is associated with gouty arthritis, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, atrial fibrillation, kidney stones, insulin resistance (IR), and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have used the homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), a well-known index of IR, to investigation the correlation between serum uric acid levels and IR. However, difficulty with measuring insulin levels limits the clinical applicability of the HOMA-IR index. This study investigated the correlation between hyperuricemia and the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index.METHODS: We used data from the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2016. The study population included adults without diabetes aged >19 years. The TyG index, which serves as an indicator of IR, was calculated using fasting serum glucose and triglyceride levels to investigate the correlation between the TyG index and hyperuricemia. Pearson's correlation coefficient and analysis of covariance were used for statistical analysis, which was performed using IBM SPSS software.RESULTS: A statistically significant correlation was observed between serum uric acid levels and the TyG index. After adjustment for factors that may affect IR (age, body mass index, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures), we observed that the TyG index was significantly higher in the hyperuricemia than in the non-hyperuricemia group (8.96 vs. 8.54, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Serum uric acid levels were significantly correlated with IR assessed using the TyG index in adults without diabetes aged >19 years.