ABSTRACT
Drought is a major abiotic stress factor which affects the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa) and other crops seriously. Cloning and identifying drought-tolerant genes and exploring the drought-tolerant mechanism are of great significance for improving grain yield. In this paper, a bZIP family transcription factor encoding gene, OsbZIP5, was cloned from rice and we conducted a preliminary study on its drought tolerance function. We constructed different expression plasmids, including p35SOsbZIP5-GFP4, pGBKT7-OsbZIP5, pCAMBIA1300-OsbZIP5-OE and pTCK303-OsbZIP5-RNAi, which were transformed into tobacco, yeast, Arabidopsis or rice, respectively. Confocal observation of OsbZIP5-GFP4 transgenic tobacco showed that OsbZIP5 was located in the nucleus. The reporter gene expression analysis of pGBKT7-OsbZIP5 transformed yeast showed that the protein can activate the expression of reporter genes and OsbZIP5 has transcription activational activity. The drought tolerance of OsbZIP5 overexpression transgenic Arabidopsis during the seedling and reproductive growth stages was analyzed, and the results showed that OsbZIP5 overexpression reduced the root length of seedlings under polyethyleneglycol (PEG) or abscisic acid (ABA) treatment and the drought tolerance of adult plants in transgenic Arabidopsis. The drought tolerance and stress tolerance related physiological parameters were tested using 20% PEG to simulate drought stress. It was found that the survival rates of different OsbZIP5 RNAi transgenic rice lines were 65%, 58. 30%, and 73. 30%, respectively, while that of the wild type was 21. 67%. Under normal growth conditions, the content of proline, chlorophyll and malondialdehyde in RNAi transgenic rice are basically the same as those of wild type. However, after PEG treatment, the average values of the parameters above of RNAi transgenic rice were 159. 54 μg/ g FW, 0. 24 mg/ g FW and 7. 44 nmol/ g FW, respectively, while the average value of the wild type were 102. 56 μg/ g FW, 0. 13 mg/ g FW and 13. 61 nmol/ g FW, respectively. Statistical analysis of stomata and water loss rate under drought treatment of rice leaves revealed that the proportions of fully closed stomata of all OsbZIP5 RNAi lines were above 66% while that of the wild type is about 50%. And the water loss rate of rice leaves in RNAi rice seedlings were lower than that of wild type. We showed that down-regulation of OsbZIP5 ameliorated the physiological parameters, reduced stomata opening and water loss rate, and improved the drought tolerance of RNAi transgenic rice. The results above suggested that OsbZIP5 was a negative regulator of drought stress tolerance in rice.
ABSTRACT
To introduce the diagnosis and treatment, as well as the result of a patient with fat embolism at cerebral and ophthalmic artery, following fronto-temporal autologous fat transplantation. The patient, a 39-year-old woman, who received fronto-temporal autologous fat transplantation in other hospital in May 2018. Hemiplegia and right eye blindness happened right after autologous fat transplantation. The patient was transferred to the 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Service Support Force 5 hours after operation, but the function of the limbs and the right eye were not well restored after intensive treatment. Fat embolism is the most serious complication in fat transplantation. Once it occurs, the prognosis is poor. Therefore, the process of autologous fat transplantation should be standard to prevent related complications.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathologic features and the prognostic factors of endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>55 cases of endometrial stromal sarcoma were reviewed and categorized into 3 pathologic types based on the related literatures, i.e., low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS), undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma with nuclear uniformity (UES-U) and undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma with nuclear pleomorphism (UES-P). Meanwhile, the pathologic features were reviewed, including fibroid, myoid, mucoid, and epithelioid differentiation and mitotic index. Clinical and follow-up data were collected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In endometrial stromal sarcoma, two or three pathologic types co-existed in one case, including 12.8% (5/39) of LGESS, 5/9 of UES-U, and 5/7 of UES-P. Mitotic index varied in different regions of one tumor from rare to high. Multi-differentiation was also commonly seen in ESS. The numbers of cases in LGESS, UES-U and UES-P were 39, 9 and 7, with recurrence rate of 51.6% (16/31), 5/6 and 2/3, respectively. There was no death case in LGESS, and 2 cases were died in UES-U and UES-P, respectively. In the 2 death cases of UES-U, both had focus of UES-P. There was a significant difference in the recurrence rate between cases with different mitotic index (≥ 10/10 HPF and < 10/10 HPF, P = 0.009), especially in LGESS group. All death cases had high mitotic index (> 30/10 HPF).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is a common phenomenon in ESS that two or three pathologic types may exist in one case, especially in UES-U and UES-P. And multi-differentiation is also commonly seen in ESS. So adequate pathologic sampling is important for pathologists to make a correct diagnosis of ESS in daily work. The recurrence rates are significantly higher in cases with high mitotic index, especially in LGESS. In addition, the presence of UES-P and high mitotic index may increase the risk of death in the patients.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cell Differentiation , Endometrial Neoplasms , Classification , Pathology , General Surgery , Endometrial Stromal Tumors , Pathology , General Surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Hysterectomy , Mitotic Index , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal , Classification , Pathology , General Surgery , Survival RateABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Aimed at illustrating the means of early diagnosis for prevention of the impairment of kidney function, the results of conservative medical therapy and the surgical treatment in patients with endometriosis of urinary tract.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Surgical interventions were done in 5 cases with pathological of endometriosis. Ureters were involved by endometriotic lesion in 3 patients, ureters and bladder in one and urethra in another patient. All of the cases were shown at least partial obstruction of the urinary tract by clinical symptoms, diagnostic examinations and the outcomes of various kinds of treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Hydropnephrosis and hydroureter were shown by ultrasonography, IVP or retrograde pyelography in one case of ureteral obstruction. A small lump of endometriotic foci along the urethra was detected by manual examination and ultra-sonography in one patient. The relieving of the symptoms and signs of the obstruction of the urinary tract in two cases by GnRH-a or progest in was the evidence of the endometriotic lesion. There were two patients underwent surgical resection of the endometriotic foci surrounding the ureter after medical therapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Urinary tract endometriosis are rarely seen and usually escape the attention of the physicians, while they usually cause obstruction of the urinary tract and finally impairment of kidney function if not treated in time. This kind of disease can be easily diagnosed by imaging detection with ultra-sonography, IVP or retrograde pyelography. Conservative treatment with GnRH-a and long acting progesterone as well as surgical treatments are effective for this kind of disease.</p>