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OBJECTIVE：To study industry-university-resear ch cooperation model and network evolution characteristics of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in China ，and to provide decision-making basis for pharmaceutical innovation cooperation. METHODS：Using social network analysis method ，based on industry-university-research cooperation patent data of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry during 1998-2019，the patent cooperation network of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in China was established，and the structural parameters were calculated and evolution regularity of the network were analyzed. RESULTS ： Industry-university-research cooperation patents in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry were affected by drug innovation policies. The scale of innovation network in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry was expanding day by day ；the density of innovation network was decreasing gradually ；it was not characterized with typical small world features. CONCLUSIONS ：It is suggested to strengthen the scientific and technological support to the core innovation subjects （universities and research institutions），and improve the cooperation with enterprises ；optimize the drug innovation policy environment ，encourage more innovation subjects to participate in the drug R&D process ；construct a platform for industry-university-research collaborative innovation，build drug R&D mechanism which can promote industry-university-research cooperation ，reduce the number of intermediaries in cooperation ，optimize the allocation of drug R&D resources and promote cooperative innovation of enterprises.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of classic ancient prescription Kaixin San (KXS) on learning and memory abilities in chronic stress depression model rats and its possible mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Rats were randomly assigned to six groups: the control group, the model group, the positive drug group (fluoxetine 10 mg x kg(-1)) and KXS groups (1000, 500, 250, 125 mg x kg(-1)). KXS were orally administrated to CMS rats for 21 days. The anti-depression activity of KXS was assessed using the sucrose consumption and the open-field test. The protecting effect for learning and memory abilities was assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Furthermore, the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters, acetylcholine (Ach) and acetyl cholinesterase (AchE) in the total brain and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein in the hippocampus were determined.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The behavior test showed that KXS significantly increased the sucrose consumption and total distance in the open-field test and notably reduce the incubation period of location and navigation in the MWM test. It could also help increase the number of times passing through the platform, the swimming distance and time in quadrant of original platform, the levels of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) , noradrenergic (NE), Ach, BDNF protein and reduce the level of AchE in the CMS-induced rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>KXS can ameliorate the CMS-induced depression behavior in rats and improved their learning and memory abilities, which may be related to the increase in monoamine neurotransmitters, Ach and BDNF levels.</p>
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Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Chronic Disease , Psychology , Therapeutics , Depression , Drug Therapy , Psychology , Disease Models, Animal , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Learning , Maze Learning , Memory , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Objective To study the relationships between serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level in chronic HBV infected mothers, free maternal DNA in newborns' peripheral blood and HBV infection of newborns. Methods Free maternal DNA in newborns' peripheral blood was amplified by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (As-PCR) and heminested polymerase chain reaction (heminPCR). Serum HBV DNA of pregnant women were detected by fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR. The relationships between mothers' serum HBV DNA level, mother-to-fetus DNA transfer and newborns HBV infection were analyzed by SPSS 13. 0 software. Results Thirty-six pairs of motherfetus informative cases were selected and free maternal DNA in the peripheral blood was detected in 26newborns (72. 2%). Statistical analysis indicated that mother-to-fetus DNA transfer was not related with HBsAg, HBV DNA DOsitive in newborns (Fisher exact Drobabilities were 0. 278 and 1.000,respectively; both P > 0. 05), while it was related with HBV infection in the peripheral bloodmononuclear cell (PBMC) of newborns (Fisher exact probability was 0. 026, P<0. 05). Freematernal DNA transfer was not related with mother HBV DNA level (X2 = 2. 097, P>0. 05). Therisk of HBV DNA positive in newborns increased with mother serum HBV DNA increasing ( total X= 62. 21, P<0. 05; tendency X2 =58. 46, P<0. 05). There was no relationship between motherserum HBV DNA level and PBMC HBV DNA positive in newborns (total X2 =4. 82, P>0. 05).Conclusions DNA transfer from HBV infected mother to fetus is related with PBMC HBV infection innewborns, which could be a risk factor of HBV infection in newborns. The risk of serum HBV DNApositive in newborns increases with mother serum HBV DNA level increasing.
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Purpose:To prove that electroacupuncture pudendal nerve stimulation(EPNS)can exactly excites the pudendal nerve.by simultaneous measurements of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) movements(perineal ultrasound),vaginal pressure and pelvic floor surface myoelectricity.Methods:Long needles(acupuncture needles)were deeply inserted into four sacral points and electrifled to stimulate the Pudendal nerves.When EPNS Was performed.perineal ultrasound B-mode images of PFM movements(contractions),M-mode PFM movement curves;vaginal pressure and pelvic floor surface electromyogram were recorded simultaneously by use of an urodynamic instrument with video suite(Medtronic Duet Encompass).Simultaneous records were also obmined under three conditions in the process of the nerve stimulation:1) pausing electric stimulation;2)reducing the intensity of electric stimulation(to about 2/7 of the original);3)drawing back the two lower needles to make the tips 1-2 cm away from the original position.Results:Thirty-five female patients with stress incontinence(aged 54.9±9.81 received EPNS and the simultaneous measurements.When EPNS was performed correctly,the patient felt rhythmic and cephalad PFM contractions with the urethra as the center.Simultaneous records showed the following:1) cranio-caudal PFM movements on the B.mode image;2)the M-mode curves indicating the PFM contractions (amplitude:about 1 mm,n=31,14 cases≥1 mm and 17 cases＜1 mm);3)A sawtooth curve of changes in vaginal pressure[amplitude:2.61±1.69(0.7-5.6)cmH2O,n=34];4)pelvic floor myoelectric waves[amplitude:23.9±25.3(5-96)μV,n=34].The amplitude of a PFM movement curve conformed basically to that of a vaginal pressure curve.If the electric current was stopped or its intensity was reduced to about 2/7 of the original or during the process of the nerve stimulation the two lower needles were gradually drawn back until the tips were 1-2 cm away from the original positions,then B-mode PFM movements,M-mode curves and sawtooth changes in vaginal pressure disappeared.Conclusion:Electroacupuncture pudendal nerve stimulation can exactly excites the pudendal nerve and effectively contract the pelvic floor muscles.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents in herbs of Paris verticillata.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were isolated by column chromatography with silica gel and purified by Sephadex LH-20 and RP-HPLC. The structures were identified by means of NMR analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Nine compounds were isolated from the EtOAc extract and the n-BuOH extract of P. verticillata. Their structures were identified as beta-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), daucosterol (3), beta-ecdysterone (4), 4-hydroxymethyl-gamma-butyrolactone (5), diosgenin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl (1-->4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)]-beta-D-glycopyranoside (6), pennogenin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-glycopyranoside (7), pennogenin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl (1-->4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopy-ranosyl (1-->2)]-beta-D-glycopyranoside (8), and pennogenin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamno-pyranosyl (1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1--4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)]-beta-D-glycopyranoside (9).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1-9 are isolated from P. verticillata for the first time, and compounds 3, 5 are isolated from the genus Paris for the first time. The compounds 6-9 showed certain inhibition activeness of LA-795 cells, especially, the effects of compounds 6, 8 and 9 were more significant.</p>