ABSTRACT
Introducción. Los virus respiratorios son la principal causa de infección respiratoria aguda baja (IRAB) en la población pediátrica. En marzo de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró el estado de pandemia de la enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) con un impacto global elevado. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en las internaciones por IRAB en el Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez (HNRG) y la circulación viral. Métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo de pacientes internados por IRAB, comparando los años 2019 y 2020. Resultados. En 2020, la tasa de hospitalización por IRAB se redujo un 73 % en el HNRG (575,1/10 000 en 2019 y 155,3/10 000 en 2020). En 2019 se internaron 517 pacientes con IRAB; en 174 se identificaron los virus: sincicial respiratorio (71,2 %), adenovirus (AV) (10,3%), parainfluenza (PIF) (9,7 %) e influenza (FLU) (8,6 %). En 2020, se hospitalizaron 94 pacientes con IRAB. Hasta la semana epidemiológica (SE) 13 se registraron casos de IRAB por PIF y AV; en la SE 29 un caso de bronquiolitis por AV y rinovirus (RV), seguido de casos aislados de RV; no hubo IRAB por VSR ni por FLU. Se registraron 9 casos de IRAB por COVID-19: 2 bronquiolitis moderadas y 7 neumonías focales; con un adolescente fallecido por neumonía por COVID-19 con comorbilidades. En 2020, los casos presentaron mayor edad, más comorbilidades e internaciones previas en comparación con el 2019. La neumonía focal fue la presentación clínica predominante. Conclusión. En 2020, la tasa de hospitalización por IRAB se redujo significativamente en comparación con el año anterior, con ausencia de circulación de virus respiratorios estacionales en la población asistida en nuestro centro.
Introduction. Respiratory viruses are the main cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in the pediatric population. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared that the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had reached the pandemic status. Our objective was to describe the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalizations due to ALRTI at Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez (HNRG) and virus circulation. Methods. Observational, retrospective, and descriptive study of patients hospitalized due to ALRTI comparing 2019 and 2020. Results. In 2020, the rate of hospitalization due to ALRTI decreased by 73%. In 2019, 517 patients with ALRTI were hospitalized; the following viruses were identified in 174: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (71.2%), adenovirus (AV) (10.3%), parainfluenza virus (PIV) (9.7%), and influenza virus (FLU) (8.6%). In 2020, 94 patients with ALRTI were hospitalized. Until epidemiological week (EW) 13, cases of ALRTI due to PIV and AV were recorded; in EW 29, there was 1 case of bronchiolitis due to AV and rhinovirus (RV), followed by isolated cases of RV; no ALRTI due to RSV or FLU was recorded. In total, 9 cases of ALRTI due to COVID-19 were recorded: 2 moderate bronchiolitis and 7 focal pneumonia; 1 adolescent with comorbidities died due to COVID-19 pneumonia. In 2020, patients were older and had more comorbidities and prior hospitalizations compared to 2019. Focal pneumonia prevailed. Conclusion. In 2020, the rate of hospitalization due to ALRTI decreased significantly compared to 2019,with the absence of seasonal respiratory virus circulation in the pediatric population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Viruses , COVID-19/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Pandemics , Hospitals, PediatricABSTRACT
The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a multisystemic disorder. It is considered a neuromuscular disease but also involves cognitive (executive functions, social cognition, attention, memory and language), emotional or behavior changes in over 50% of the reported cases and to of frontotemporal diagnosis lobar degeneration of behavioral variant in up to 15% of the cases. For this reason, the presence of cognitive and motivational problems was analysed in a Spanish sample of ALS patients through the prefrontal symptoms inventory (PSI) to determine applicability in this disease STI. A sample of 31 patients with a potential ALS or definitive diagnostic criteria according to El Escorial was used. Obtained results ISP were compared with a sample of 31 healthy people in the same proportions of gender, age and education level. Obtained results showed a not significant difference between the two populations in the motivational factor problems, related to the depression symptomatology frequently associated with ALS. A significant positive correlation between age at diagnosis and the scale of the motivational problems was observed, with a not significant trend related to problems in the executive control and in social the behavior control and with the age at diagnosis, in the same sense with age at diagnosis. Therefore, it can be concluded that, despite the results obtained, emotional and behavioral deficits in ALS patients and symptoms related to frontotemporal dementia (among others, anosognosia or lack of consciousness symptoms) could have interfered in patient perception about their symptomatology
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Case-Control Studies , Cognition Disorders , Affective Symptoms/diagnosis , Frontotemporal Dementia/diagnosis , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Negative Results , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis , Mental Disorders/diagnosisABSTRACT
RESUMEN: En este trabajo se presenta un método para medir densidad ósea. El método consiste en la medición de conductividad eléctrica de material óseo por medio de Tomografía de Impedancia Eléctrica (TIE). Se hace uso de una celda de prueba con valores simulados de hueso aplicando corrientes y registrando voltajes, para después usar una reconstrucción por retroproyección y generar mapas de conductividad por medio de gráficas. Los datos obtenidos son analizados y a partir de ellos se obtiene una distribución de la medida de conductividad eléctrica del material óseo, que varía dependiendo del grado de porosidad que presenta en cada región. La ventaja de utilizar el método de tomografía de impedancia es que permite medir la conductividad efectiva del hueso porque se mide en todas las direcciones. Por lo tanto es posible determinar porosidad en material óseo usando mediciones de conductividad eléctrica por medio del método TIE propuesto, lo cual permite calcular un valor numérico de densidad ósea.
ABSTRACT: In this paper a method to measure bone density was developed. The method consists in the measurement of electrical conductivity of bone by Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). A phantom with simulated data of bone is used, applying currents and recording voltages; then a backprojection reconstruction is used to generate maps with graphic conductivity values. The data obtained were analyzed and was obtained a distribution of electrical conduc tivity of bone, wich varies according to the bone porosity level in each region. A significant advantage of using this method is that is possible to measure electrical conductivity in several directions of the bone, obtaining an effective conductivity. Therefore it is possible to determine the porosity in the bone with measurements of electrical conductivity using the proposed EIT method, this allows to calculate a numerical value for bone density.
ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de depresión en Adultos Mayores de 60 años residentes en el Asentamiento Humano de ôViña Altaõ de La Molina, durante el mes de Junio del 2010.MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio de corte transversal tipo entrevista de carácter descriptivo, realizado durante la primera semana de Junio del 2010. Se realizaron visitas en todas las casas (280) de 18 de las 23 manzanas del asentamiento humano ôViña Altaõ en la Molina. Se identificó a 112 adultos mayores de 60 años y se entrevistó a 68 de ellos, quienes fueron evaluados por los investigadores (previo entrenamiento) mediante la Escala de depresión geriátrica de Yesavage de 15 ítems (GDS-15). RESULTADOS: La edad media fue de 67,82 años (60-83) 53.3% fueron mujeres; el 51.67% presentó depresión en algún grado según el GDS-15; 33,3% eran analfabetos; y 70%, casados. Al contrastar los resultados del grado de depresión se verificó que no existían diferencias significativas en cuanto a género, grado de instrucción, edad y estado civil. CONCLUSIONES: Se identificó una alta prevalencia de depresión (51.67%) que no estuvo asociada a ninguna de las variables del estudio.
OBJETIVE: To determinate the prevalence of depression in seniors over age 60 who live in the human settlement ôViña Altaõ during June 2010. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This is a descriptive interview-style cross-sectional study made during the first week of June 2010. The researchers visited all the houses (280) of 18 of 23 blocks of the human settlement ôViña Altaõ in La Molina. 112 adults aged over 60 years were identified and 66 were interviewed, which were the ones that met the inclusion criteria. They were evaluated by the researchers (who were trained previously) using the YesavageÆs Geriatric Depression Scale with 15 items (GDS-15). RESULTS: The average age was 67.82 years (60-83) 53.3% were women; 51.67% presented depression in according to the GDS-15; 33,3% were illiterate and 70%, were married. When comparing the results of depressionÆs grade, it was verified that there were no significant difference between depression and gender, educational attainment, age and marital status. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified a high prevalence of depression (51.67%), which was not associated with any variables under study.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Medical Care , Depression , Geriatrics , Patients , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Studies as TopicABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A cytogenetical study should be performed to every newborn with malformations. If a chromosomal aberration is found, parents must be studied to give an adequate genetic advise. AIM: To study the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in newborns with malformations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile all malformations in newborns are registered, as part of the Collaborative Latin American Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC). The frequency of chromosomal aberrations, determined by cytogenetical studies, was determined in newborns with malformations. RESULTS: In the study period, there were 32,214 births. Of these, 2,268 live newborns and 43 stillbirths had malformations. Ninety nine children with malformations had chromosomal aberrations (4.3 per cent). Trisomy 21 was the most common aberration with a rate of 23/10,000 births, followed by trisomy 18 with a rate of 4/10,000 and trisomy 18 with a rate of 1.2/10,000. Ninety four percent of these children were born alive and 16.1 per cent died before discharge from the hospital. The masculinity indexes for Down syndrome and for trisomy 18 were 0.38 and 0.61 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A higher frequency of female gender for trisomy 21 and male gender for trisomy 18 has not been reported previously.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Congenital Abnormalities , Chromosome Aberrations/statistics & numerical data , Congenital Abnormalities , Chile/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Risk Factors , Prevalence , Down Syndrome/epidemiology , Down Syndrome/genetics , Turner Syndrome/epidemiology , Turner Syndrome/genetics , TrisomyABSTRACT
The genus Opuntia is a valuable forage resource in arid and semiarid lands during periods of drought and shortage of herbaceous plants. However, absolute minimum temperatures in the plains of Mendoza represent a limiting factor to cultivate several species. Opuntia ellisiana is a cold hardy species, so the goals of this study were to massively propagate is using in vitro culture techniques, and then to acclimatize plantlets obtained to field conditions. Different sterilization protocols were tested. Areoles were isolated in laminar airflow cabinet, and cultured on Murashige-Skoog medium, supplemented with sucrose and different BAP and IBA combinations. Explants were grown at 27 +/- 2 degrees C, under a 16-h photoperiod. The shoots produced were used in the rooting assay using different auxin combinations. In the most efficient growth treatment, plantlets reached 100% shooting after 35 days of culture, and a mean length of 10.2 mm after 49 days of culture. A 100% rooted plantlets was obtained on a medium containing 5 mg L-1 IBA, after 12 days of culture. Acclimatization was achieved under greenhouse conditions, showing 100% plantlet survival. This study suggests that O. ellisiana can be successfully micropropagated by areoles, and easily acclimatizated to field conditions.
Subject(s)
Acclimatization , Opuntia/growth & development , Opuntia/metabolism , Adaptation, Physiological , Agriculture , EnvironmentABSTRACT
Capillary gas-liquid chromatography was used to analyse the cuticular hydrocarbons of three triatomine species, Triatoma dimidiata, T. barberi and Dipetalogaster maxima, domestic vectors of Chagas disease in Mexico. Mixtures of saturated hydrocarbons of straight and methyl-branched chains were characteristic of the three species, but quantitatively different. Major methylbranched components mostly corresponded to different saturated isomers of monomethyl, dimethyl and trimethyl branched hydrocarbons ranging from 29 to 39 carbon backbones. Sex-dependant, quantitative differences in certain hydrocarbons were apparent in T. dimidiata
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Chagas Disease , Hydrocarbons , Insect Vectors , Triatoma , Wings, Animal/chemistry , Chromatography, Gas , Housing , MexicoABSTRACT
In 1952, Virginia Apgar MD, proposed to assess the clinical condition of newborns, during the first minutes of life and to evaluate anesthetic and obstetrical practices. She proposed five objectives and easily measured clinical signs: cardiac frequency, respiratory effort, muscle tone, irritability and color. The test was later named Apgar Score Test. Since then, all newborns are evaluated using Apgar score. This article reviews the uses and abuses of Apgar test. It has been used to assess asphyxia, predict neurological damage, to identify newborns that require reanimation and as a survival predictor. It is concluded that Apgar score is useful to know the vitality of a newborn during his first minutes of life. It is a background, that along with acid base state and evolution, allows the diagnosis of asphyxia and predicts survival. Therefore, after half a century of use, it still remains useful.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Apgar Score , Infant, Premature/physiology , Asphyxia Neonatorum/diagnosis , Clinical Protocols/standards , Sensitivity and Specificity , Predictive Value of TestsABSTRACT
Objetivos: analisar as características sociodemográficas das mulheres vítimas de violência sexual, avaliar a experiência sexual prévia, pesquisar a utilizaçäo de métodos anticoncepcionais por ocasiäo da violência e observar o período de tempo desde a agressäo até o atendimento hospitalar. Métodos: foram analisados os dados de 117 fichas pré-codificadas, e um total de 134 atendimentos. As fichas foram utilizadas no atendimento de mulheres vítimas de violência sexual na Maternidade do Hospital de Clínicas de Curitiba no período de agosto de 1998 até junho de 2000. Resultados: a idade das mulheres variou de 5 a 49 anos, sendo que a metade era de jovens, com até 19 anos. A maioria tinha segundo grau completo ou incompleto, 41 (41,0 por cento) eram estudantes e 82 (82,0 por cento) eram solteiras. Na análise da experiência sexual prévia, constatou-se que cerca de um terço (32,4 por cento) era virgem. Das mulheres que referiam ter vida sexual prévia, 35 (47,9 por cento) usavam algum método anticoncepcional quando da agressäo. Houve variaçäo de 2 horas a 2 meses em relaçäo ao tempo decorrido desde a violência sexual até a procura por atendimento. Conclusöes: o número de mulheres vítimas de violência sexual evidencia a importância de um atendimento especializado a estas pacientes. Há também necessidade de este atendimento ser multidisciplinar, já que dentre as vítimas existem grupos que necessitam de atençäo diferenciada, como por exemplo as crianças. O intervalo entre a violência sexual e a procura do serviço pode ser considerado como indício de que a populaçäo deve ter acesso a mais informaçöes em relaçäo à prevençäo de gravidez e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, inclusive a infecçäo pelo HIV.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Battered Women , Rape , Violence , Contraception , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Emergency Medical ServicesSubject(s)
Humans , Female , Battered Women , Medical Care , Prejudice , Rape , Sex Offenses , Women's Rights , Brazil , Crime Victims , Domestic Violence , Public HealthABSTRACT
Se presenta una paciente de 49 años de edad,con Sindrome de Piccardi-Graham-Little-Lassueur.Tenia una alopecia cicatrizal de cuero cabelludo,alopecia transitoria de axilas y pubis y liquen plano fulicular en piel.Este sindrome asociado con alteraciones psicologicas,menospausia reciente y hepatitis severa.Evoluciono favorablemente con tratamiento conservador.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Alopecia/diagnosis , Alopecia/pathology , Alopecia/therapy , Lichen Planus/diagnosis , Scalp Dermatoses/physiopathology , Axilla , Pruritus , Pubic BoneABSTRACT
La tecnología pone al alcance del médico la computadora, que le permite evaluar y difundir resultados. El desafio es el uso correcto de la información. El objeto: Establecer la metodología correcta para plantear un sistema de información orientado a la Investigación Clínica. Se toma como ejemplo el Registro de Cáncer Pediátrico (RCAP) que fue elaborado siguiendo la metodología propuesta para la IIIa. Reunión de CA (Bs.As. 20/5/92). Desarrollo: se siguen los siguientes pasos cuyo resultado final es el RCAP. Definición de un sistema de información 1 y 2) Delimitación del área de trabajo: limites. 3) Revisión bibliográfica del tema. 4) transformar lo recopilado en información a Obtener del Sistema: Salidas. 5) Detección de variables de Entrada de acuerdo a 4. 7) Subsistemas Estadístico (Tasas de incidencia, Mortalidad, Epidemiología, Sobrevida). Se muestran salidas del sistema sobre 312 niños de 0-14 años de Tucumán con CA que entran en RCAP de 1980/1991. Se establece una metodología sencilla para elaborar un Sistema de Información que permite al investigador actuar como usuario competente
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Medical Informatics , Medical Records , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Neoplasms/mortality , Neoplasms/therapy , PediatricsSubject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Arsenic , Skin Diseases , Water PollutantsABSTRACT
Os autores descrevem 6 casos de reconstruçäo de nariz com o uso de grandes enxertos compostos com dimensöes muito maiores que as descritas na literatura médica. Em um paciente a área transplantada media 30 centímetros quadrados. Utilizaram a regiäo retroauricular como área doadora. A técnica operatória deve ser a mais atraumática possível. Destaque especial da metodologia apresentada se refere aos cuidados pós-operatórios, que säo descritos detalhadamente e divergem dos conceitos clássicos sobre curativo e enxerto
Subject(s)
Humans , Nose/surgery , Surgery, Plastic , Surgical Flaps , Nose/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
Se da a conocer el hallazgo en la provincia de Catamarca, Republica Argentina, de trece casos de lepra diagnosticados entre octubre de 1980 y noviembre de 1983. Como geograficamente no es zona endemica de lepra, se considera de gran importancia epidemiologica el diagnostico de estos trece enfermos ya que son los primeros oficialmente notificados y registrados por las autoridades de salud publica de la ciudad de Catamarca. Fueron estudiados mediante examen clinico-dermatologico, histopatologia, baciloscopia e inmunologia, con controles periodicos en su evolucion y tratamiento. Al efectuar el control de convivientes no se pudo demostrar origen foraneo de contagio, por lo cual deben ser considerados verdaderos casos autoctonos
Subject(s)
Humans , Leprosy , ArgentinaABSTRACT
Se efectuo la determinacion histoquimica de receptores estrogenicos en 48 carcinomas mamarios usando un conjugado de 17Bestradiol con isotiocianato de fluoresceina que producia una fluorescencia citoplasmatica en las celulas positivas. Se demostro que todos los carcinomas mamarios estan compuestos por una mezcla en proporciones variables de celulas positivas y negativas para receptores estrogenicos. Utilizando criterios semicuantitativos, se consideraron a 23 de los 48 casos, como positivos. En el grupo positivo pero no en el negativo, la correlacion con los receptores estrogenicos dosados por la tecnica bioquimica fue excelente. El metodo histoquimico fue tambien aplicado a material citologico y al dosaje de receptores de progesterona con exito
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms , Receptors, Estrogen , HistocytochemistryABSTRACT
A la bibliografia nacional se agregan 8 enfermos que presentaron quistes serosos del higado: 4 presentaron cuadros abdominales agudos, algunos concomitantes a complicaciones por litiasis biliar. Los otros 4 presentaron tumores palpables en el hipocondrio derecho. Todos los enfermos fueron operados, practicandose 2 quistectomias totales y en los demas, resecciones parciales. Un enfermo fallecio en el postoperatorio inmediato por sepsis; 1 fallecio a los 5 anos por un cuadro de sepsis con ictericia que no fue reoperado; 1 tuvo que ser reoperado a los 2 anos por recidiva. Los demas permanecen curados luego de la primera intervencion. Se presenta un analisis sobre los caracteres anatomopatologicos y la etiopatogenia disembrioplasica de los quistes serosos del higado