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1.
Rev. Nac. (Itauguá) ; 16(1): 16-26, Ene - Abr. 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1537112

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el tratamiento nutricional está afectado por la conducta de los sujetos para generar adherencia. Objetivo: determinar factores que influyen en la no adherencia al tratamiento nutricional en pacientes hipertensos que acuden al Hospital Regional de Coronel Oviedo, 2021. Metodología: estudio descriptivo transversal. La población estuvo comprendida por pacientes registrados en el Programa de hipertensión arterial/Departamento cardiovascular del Hospital Regional de Coronel Oviedo. Se estudiaron los datos sociodemográficos, los factores de tratamiento nutricional y el grado de adherencia al tratamiento nutricional. Resultados: participaron del estudio 206 sujetos, el 53,4 % poseía 55 años o menos y el 81,1 % fue del sexo femenino. Se pudo hallar que solo el 3,8 % de los pacientes se adhieren al tratamiento. La no adherencia al factor conocimiento estuvo relacionado con el bajo nivel educativo (p=0,032), al factor equipo de salud con provenir del área rural y tener un bajo nivel educativo (p=0,006, p=0,002), al factor paciente con provenir del área rural (p=0.002), ser de bajo nivel educativo (p=0,008) y poseer obesidad grado II y III (p=0,036). La no adherencia global estuvo relacionada a estar casado (p=0.001) y realizar trabajos domésticos (p=0,009). Conclusiones: la adherencia al tratamiento es baja en la población de estudio.


Introduction: nutritional treatment is affected by the behavior of the subjects to generate adherence. This study was carried out to determine factors that influence non-adherence to nutritional treatment in hypertensive patients who attend the Coronel Oviedo Regional Hospital, 2021. Methodology: this was a cross-sectional descriptive observational study. The population was comprised of patients registered in the hypertension department of the Coronel Oviedo Regional Hospital. Sociodemographic data, nutritional treatment factors and the degree of adherence to nutritional treatment were studied. Results: 206 subjects participated in the study, 53.4 % were 55 years old or younger and 81.1 % were female. We found that only 3.8 % of patients adhere to treatment. Non-adherence due to the knowledge factor was related to low educational level (p=0.032), to the health team factor with coming from a rural area and having a low educational level (p=0.006, p=0.002), to the patient factor with coming from a rural area (p=0.002), to have a low educational level (p=0.008) and to have obesity grade II and III (p=0.036). Global non-adherence was related to being married (p=0.001) and doing housework (p=0.009). Conclusions: adherence to treatment is low in the study population.

2.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 37(6)dic. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388181

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La tuberculosis (TBC) es una de las diez principales causas de muerte en todo el mundo. Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente los casos de TBC del Departamento de Caaguazú-Paraguay, entre los años 2014 y 2017. Pacientes y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, utilizando datos secundarios del Programa Nacional de Control de la Tuberculosis (PNCT). La población: 659 casos de TBC registrados en el PNCT. Las variables: edad, sexo, grupo poblacional, tipo de TBC, co-infección TBC/VIH, y categoría de egreso. Procesamos la base de datos en Excel 2016 © usando Stata 14.0®. Resultado: El 63,3% de los participantes fue del género masculino. La edad promedio fue de 35,8 años. El 39,6% eran indígenas y 14,5% fueron personas privadas de libertad (PPL) conocidos como reclusos. El 89,6% tuvo TBC pulmonar, 2,4% tuvo co-infección TBC/VIH. La tasa de incidencia fue superior a 21,6/100.000 habts en 2014. La incidencia en indígenas fue de 76,5/100.000 habts en 2017. La incidencia en PPL fue de 2.272,1/100.000 habitantes en 2017. Conclusión: La incidencia de TBC en el Departamento de Caaguazú es baja en la población general afectando principalmente a hombres, mientras que en la población indígena y PPL es alta.


Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide. Aim: To characterize the clinical and epidemiological point of view of TB cases reported in the Department of Caaguazú-Paraguay, from 2014 to 2017. Methods: Observational, descriptive, retrospective study; Population: 659 cases of TB registered in the National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTCP); variables: age, sex, population group, type of TB, TB/HIV coinfection. We procesed database in Excel 2016 © using Stata 14.0®. Results: 63.3% were of male gender, average age: 35.8 years, 39.6% were indigenous and 85.4% were liberty deprived persons known as inmates (LDP), 89.6% had pulmonary TB and 2,4% had TB/HIV coinfection. Incidence rate exceed 21.6/100,000 inhabitants in 2014. Indigenous incidence was 76.5/100,000 inhabitants in 2017, LDP incidence was 2,272.1/ 100,000 inhabitants in 2017. Conclusion: The incidence of TB in the Department of Caaguazú is low, mainly affecting men, while TB incidence in indigenous people and LDP was high.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Tuberculosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , HIV Infections , Coinfection , Paraguay/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Coinfection/epidemiology
3.
Med. clín. soc ; 4(1)abr. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1386184

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: Durante la adolescencia se despierta el interés sexual debido a los diversos cambios. Es el momento oportuno para fomentar conductas adecuadas sobre salud sexual y reproductiva, para así posteriormente disfrutar de una vida sexual segura y responsable. Objetivo: Determinar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre salud sexual y reproductiva en estudiantes del nivel medio de centros educativos del Distrito de R. I. 3 Corrales, durante el año 2018. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal. Fueron incluidos la totalidad de los estudiantes del primer al tercer curso de cuatro colegios del Distrito de R.I. 3 Corrales del Departamento de Caaguazú, durante el mes de setiembre del 2018. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó el "Cuestionario de Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas sobre Salud Sexual y VIH/Sida en Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes de las comunidades de Dajabón (República Dominicana) y Wanament (Haití)". Resultados: La población estuvo conformada por 200 estudiantes. La mediana de edad fue de 16 años. El 52% fue del sexo femenino. El 54,77% de la población de estudio refiere haber tenido relaciones sexuales. El 71,94% tiene cono-cimiento sobre el preservativo y el 47% de ellos lo utilizaron en el primer contacto sexual. El conocimiento fue bajo en un 48%, la actitud desfavorable en un 56% y las prácticas incorrectas en un 54% de los casos. Conclusión: El conocimiento global fue bajo, las actitudes desfavorables y las practicas incorrectas en la mayoría de los casos.


ABSTRACT Introduction: During adolescence sexual interest is aroused due to the various changes. It is the right time to promote appropriate behaviors about sexual and reproductive health, and then enjoy a safe and responsible sex life. Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices on sexual and reproductive health in High School Students of educational centers of the District of R. I. 3 Corrales, during the year 2018. Methodology: An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. All students from the first to the third year of four schools of the District of R.I. 3 Corrales of the Department of Caaguazú, during the month of September 2018. The "Questionnaire on Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Sexual Health and HIV / AIDS in Children, Girls and Adolescents of the communities of Dajabón (Dominican Republic) and Wanament (Haiti)" was used to collect the data. Results: The population made up of 200 students. The median age of those who entered the study was 16 years, 52% was female, 54.77% reported having sexual intercourse, 71.94% know the condom and 47% of them used it in the first sexual contact. Knowledge was low in 48%, unfavorable attitude in 56% and incorrect practices in 54% of cases. Conclusion: Global knowledge was low, there were unfavorable attitudes and incorrect practices in most cases.

4.
Rev. Cient. Esc. Estadual Saúde Pública Goiás "Cândido Santiago" ; 6(2): 600003, 2020. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | CONASS, SES-GO, ColecionaSUS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1117559

ABSTRACT

Conhecer o perfil epidemiológico das lesões autoprovocadas é importante para subsidiar a construção e o fortalecimento de políticas públicas para seu enfrentamento. Com este objetivo, foi realizado um estudo descritivo com base nos dados das Fichas de Notificação de Violência Interpessoal e Autoprovocada registradas no Sistema de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) o qual aponta alta subnotificação (do total de municípios notificantes, 10% constam apenas um registro) e municípios silenciosos em Goiás (dos 246 municípios, 111 encontram-se silenciosos). A faixa etária com maior prevalência é de 20 a 39 anos (48%). Violência de repetição foi observada em 36% das notificações. Envenenamento, objeto perfurocortante e enforcamento foram nesta ordem os meios mais utilizados. Conclui-se que em Goiás houve um acréscimo das notificações de lesão autoprovocadas, sendo as mulheres e adultos jovens as principais vítimas. Contudo as subnotificações são ainda um entrave para a vigilância em saúde e para melhor identificação do comportamento suicida, ainda sim essas informações podem contribuir para sensibilização dos profissionais de saúde quanto à detecção oportuna deste comportamento e devida atenção


Knowing the epidemiological profile of self-harm is important to support the construction and strengthening of public policies to cope with it. With this objective in mind, a descriptive study was carried out based on data from the Interpersonal and Self-Evoked Violence Notification Sheets registered with SINAN, which points to high underreporting (of the total of notifying municipalities, 10% included only one registry) and silent municipalities in Goiás (of the 246 municipalities, 111 are silent). The prevalent age group is 20 to 39 years (48%). Repetitive violence was observed in 36% of notifications. Poisoning, sharps and hanging were the most used means in this order. It is concluded that in Goiás there was an increase in self-harm reports, with women and young adults being the main victims. However underreporting is still an obstacle to health surveillance and to better identify suicidal behavior, notwithstanding these informations can contribute for health professionals to be aware of the timely detection of this behavior and due attention


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Prevalence , Suicidal Ideation , Socioeconomic Factors , Disease Notification
5.
Odontol. pediatr. (Lima) ; 17(1): 70-78, 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1363904

ABSTRACT

En el presente trabajo se reporta el manejo odontológico para rehabilitar un niño de dos años, tanto en estética y función como en hábitos, con un mantenedor de espacio fijo tipo telescópico. El paciente acude con su madre, presentando "dolor en varios dientes hace varios días", a la especialidad de Odontopediatría de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina. Se elaboró un plan de tratamiento en fases a partir del diagnóstico de caries de temprana infancia. La rehabilitación oral, no solo implica la eliminación de los procesos cariosos, sino que es de importancia fundamental la re-educación del niño y su entorno. Los controles de mantenimiento se realizaron, el primer año mensualmente y bimestralmente los 8 meses posteriores. La evaluación se realizará trimestralmente hasta la erupción de los permanentes.

6.
Acta paul. enferm ; 24(5): 611-616, 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-606489

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Descrever o uso do brinquedo terapêutico (BT) no preparo de crianças pré-escolares para realização da quimioterapia em ambulatório e identificar suas reações manifestadas durante a sessão de BT em relação aos procedimentos realizados na sessão de quimioterapia ambulatorial. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa descritiva exploratória, de abordagem quantitativa, realizada com 30 crianças pré-escolares, submetidas ao tratamento de quimioterapia ambulatorial. Os dados foram coletados por meio da observação das crianças e entrevistas com os acompanhantes. RESULTADOS: Após o preparo com o BT, as crianças demonstraram comportamentos mais positivos, cooperando com os procedimentos e colaborando com os profissionais (93,3 por cento), apresentando postura relaxada (93,3 por cento), estabelecendo um vínculo de confiança com o profissional (76,6 por cento) e sorrindo durante as brincadeiras (70 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: O uso do BT apresenta grande valor como facilitador de uma interação mais efetiva do adulto com a criança, favorecendo a compreensão do pré-escolar, tornando sua permanência no ambulatório mais agradável e descontraída.


OBJECTIVES: To describe the use of therapeutic play (BT) in preparing preschool children for the experience of chemotherapy on an outpatient basis and to identify their manifested reactions during the session of BT, in relation to the procedures performed in outpatient chemotherapy session. METHODS: A descriptive exploratory, quantitative approach, conducted with 30 preschool children, receiving outpatient chemotherapy treatment. Data were collected through observation of children and interviews with the individuals accompanying them. RESULTS: After the preparation with BT, children demonstrated more positive behaviors, cooperating with the procedures, and working with professionals (93.3 percent), with relaxed posture (93.3 percent), establishing a bond of trust with the professional (76.6 percent) and smiling while playing (70 percent). CONCLUSION: The use of BT presents great value for facilitating more effective interaction between the adult and child, fostering understanding of pre-school, making his stay at the clinic more pleasant and relaxed.


OBJETIVOS: Describir el uso del juguete terapéutico (JT) en la preparación de niños pre-escolares para la realización de la quimioterapia en consulta externa e identificar sus reacciones manifestadas durante la sesión de JT en relación a los procedimientos realizados en la sesión de quimioterapia ambulatoria. MÉTODOS: Investigación descriptiva exploratoria, de abordaje cuantitativa, realizada con 30 niños pre-escolares, sometidos al tratamiento de quimioterapia ambulatoria. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de la observación de los niños y entrevistas a los acompañantes. RESULTADOS: Después de la preparación con el JT, los niños demostraron comportamientos más positivos, cooperando con los procedimientos y colaborando con los profesionales (93,3 por ciento), presentando una postura relajada (93,3 por ciento), estableciendo un vínculo de confianza con el profesional (76,6 por ciento) y sonrriendo durante los juegos (70 por ciento). CONCLUSIÓN: El uso del JT presenta gran valor como facilitador de una interacción más efectiva del adulto con el niño, favoreciendo la comprensión del pre-escolar, convirtiendo su permanencia en la consulta externa más agradable y desinhibida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Oncology Nursing , Pediatric Nursing , Play and Playthings , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Evaluation Studies as Topic
7.
São Paulo med. j ; 127(4): 211-215, July 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-533444

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of pressure ulcers varies according to geographic region and population group, such as the institutionalized elderly. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of pressure ulcers among elderly people living in long-stay institutions. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in six long-stay institutions for the elderly in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Demographic and clinical data were collected in six long-stay institutions on two visits to each institution between May and August 2007, during which all elderly patients with pressure ulcers were evaluated. The Braden scale was used to identify the risk of developing pressure ulcers and the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) stages for classifying the pressure ulcers. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the results between visits. The population was 181 elderly people in May and 184 in August: 23 had pressure ulcers in May (prevalence of 12.7 percent) and 17 in August (prevalence of 9.2 percent). The mean age at the two times was 84 years, and the average length of stay was 32 months. Pressure ulcers were found mainly in the sacral region (mean, 71.5 percent), and most commonly in stage II (mean, 41 percent). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pressure ulcers was 10.95 percent. These data provide background information that may aid in developing protocols for applying best practices for prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers, consequently reducing the prevalence.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A prevalência de úlcera por pressão (UP) varia de acordo com a região geográfica e grupo populacional, como idosos institucionalizados. O objetivo foi identificar a prevalência de UP em instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI). TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal em seis ILPI em São Paulo. MÉTODOS: A coleta de dados demográficos e clínicos foi realizada em seis ILPI durante duas visitas a cada instituição no período de maio a agosto de 2007, sendo avaliados todos os idosos com UP. Foi utilizada a Escala de Braden para identificar o risco de desenvolver UP e o National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) para a classificação das UP. Foram realizados os testes: Exato de Fisher, Q-Quadrado e t-Student para análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Não houve significância estatística nos resultados encontrados. A população era de 181 idosos em maio e 184 em agosto, sendo 23 idosos com UP (prevalência de 12,7 por cento) e 17 idosos com UP (prevalência de 9,2 por cento) respectivamente. A média de idade nos dois períodos foi de 84 anos, e 32 meses de permanência nas Instituições. A região sacral foi a mais frequente com média de 71,5 por cento e as úlceras no estágio II com média de 41 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de UP foi de 10,95 por cento. Estes dados fornecem informações de base que podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de protocolos para a aplicação de melhores práticas na prevenção e tratamento de úlceras de pressão, consequentemente reduzindo a prevalência.


Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Homes for the Aged , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Pressure Ulcer/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Pressure Ulcer/diagnosis , Prevalence
8.
J Environ Biol ; 2004 Jan; 25(1): 7-10
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-113555

ABSTRACT

Ammonia is the main nitrogenous waste material excreted by gills, then is oxided first to nitrite and then to nitrate. The proportion of ionized-un-ionized ammonia depends on pH and temperature, when this variables increase in a solution containing ammonia the equation goes to left, so the proportion of NH3 increases and the solution becomes more toxic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute lethal effects of elevated pH and ammonia on tambaqui juveniles. With a constant ammonia concentration of 5.0 mg/l NH3, there was no mortality a pH of 6.0 (control) and 7.0; but was of 10-20% a pH of 8.0 and 100% at 9.0. The lethal effects of elevated pH and un-ionized ammonia should be recognized as a potential factor contributing to the variable success of tambaqui production ponds, but this species is highly resistant in comparison with other freshwater fish.


Subject(s)
Age Factors , Ammonia/chemistry , Animals , Body Fluids/drug effects , Fishes , Fresh Water , Gills/drug effects , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Ions , Lethal Dose 50 , Nitrogen Compounds/metabolism , Water Pollutants/toxicity
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