Research progress of optical motion capture technology in shoulder biomechanics / 中国骨伤

The shoulder joint is the most flexible joint in the body with the largest range of motion, and the movement pattern is more complex. Accurate capture of three-dimensional motion data of the shoulder joint is crucial for biomechanical evaluation. Optical motion capture systems offer a non-invasive and radiation-free method to capture shoulder joint motion data during complex movements, enabling further biomechanical analysis of the shoulder joint. This review provides a comprehensive overview of optical motion capture technology in the context of shoulder joint movement, including measurement principles, data processing methods to reduce artifacts from skin and soft tissues, factors influencing measurement results, and applications in shoulder joint disorders.

Analysis of distribution characteristics and drug resistance of pathogens isolated from ascites of patients in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 2015-2021 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria separated from ascites of patients in Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from 2015 to 2021, and to provide a basis for rational clinical antimicrobial agents. Methods　Bacterial culture, bacterial identification and drug sensitivity analysis were performed on 1 058 non-duplicate ascites culture specimens from January 2015 to December 2021. The clinica1 and microbiologica1 data were ana1yzed by WHONET 5.6 and SAS 9.4 Results　Of the 1 058 specimens, 586 (55.39%) were positive for pathogenic bacteria, with a total of 781 strains isolated. There was no significant trend of increase or decrease in the positivity rate over different years. Male children (63.99%) were more prevalent than female children. Appendicitis (59.22%) was the most common disease and Escherichia coli was the most common causative bacteria. Among neonates (≤28 d), the bacteria with the highest detection rate were Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.50%) and Enterococcus faecium (23.50%), while among children (>28 d), the highest detection rate was Escherichia coli (35.98%). Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 64.79% of the 781 strains, mainly Escherichia coli (38.28%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.58%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.89%); Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 29.45%, mainly Enterococcus faecium (8.58%), Streptococcus constellatus (2.69%), and Enterococcus avium (2.43%); fungi accounted for 1.66% and anaerobic bacteria accounted for 4.10%. The resistance rates of Escherichia coli to cefoperazone/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem and meropenem were 6.02%, 4.35%, 4.35%, and 3.68%, respectively. The resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to these drugs were 59.70%, 59.70%, 50.75% and 53.73% respectively. Linezolid-resistant strains of Enterococcus faecium were found. Conclusion　Appendicitis is the most common abdominal infection in children, and the distribution of ascites pathogens varies with ages and diseases. The pathogenic bacteria are mainly Gram-negative bacteria, and the drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae was more serious. It is particularly important to use antibiotics correctly and rationally to reduce the emergence of drug resistant bacteria.

Value of serum chitinase-3-like protein 1 in predicting the risk of decompensation events in patients with liver cirrhosis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the value of serum chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) in predicting the risk of decompensation events in patients with liver cirrhosis, since prediction of decompensation events and adoption of active preventive measures are the key to improving the survival time of patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods A case-control study was conducted for 305 patients with liver cirrhosis who were diagnosed and treated in Tianjin Second People's Hospital from January 2019 to May 2021, among whom there were 200 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis and 105 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis at baseline. According to whether decompensation events occurred within 1 year, the 305 patients with liver cirrhosis were divided into decompensation group with 79 patients and non-decompensation group with 226 patients; according to whether decompensation events occurred for the first time within 1 year, the 200 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis were divided into first-time decompensation group with 43 patients and non-first-time decompensation group with 157 patients. The independent samples t -test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test or the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between each variable and decompensation events; the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to investigate the value of each variable in predicting decompensation events, and the maximum value of Youden index was used to determine the optimal cut-off value. Results The patients who experienced decompensation events within 1 year had a significantly higher baseline serum level of CHI3L1 than those who did not experience such events [243.00 (136.00-372.00) ng/mL vs 117.50 (67.75-205.25) ng/mL, U =4720.500, P < 0.001], and the patients who experienced decompensation events for the first time within 1 year had a significantly higher baseline serum level of CHI3L1 than those who did not experience such events [227.98 (110.00-314.00) ng/mL vs 90.00 (58.00-168.50) ng/mL, U =1 681.500, P < 0.001]. Patients with cirrhosis with higher baseline CHI3L1 levels had an increased risk of decompensation events within 1 year ( OR =1.004, 95% CI : 1.002-1.006, P < 0.001); Patients with compensated cirrhosis with higher baseline serum CHI3L1 levels had an increased risk of first decompensated event within 1 year ( OR =1.006, 95% CI : 1.003-1.008, P < 0.001). The baseline serum level of CHI3L1 had an AUC of 0.751 in predicting the risk of first-time decompensation events, with a sensitivity of 90.7% and a specificity of 55.4% at the optimal cut-off value of 95.5 ng/mL. The predictive model based on the combination of serum CHI3L1 level and Child-Pugh class had an AUC of 0.809, with a sensitivity of 72.1% and a specificity of 77.1% at the maximum value of Youden index. Conclusion Serum CHI3L1 level can be used as an effective predictive factor for the risk of first-time decompensation events in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis, and its combination with Child-Pugh class shows a higher predictive value.

Understanding cannabis use in Singapore: profile of users and drug progression

INTRODUCTION@#Cannabis has consistently been the third most commonly abused drug among drug arrestees in Singapore over the past few years. Accordingly, this study aimed to understand the profile of cannabis users in Singapore and explore the effects of cannabis use on drug progression.@*METHODS@#A total of 450 participants who had used cannabis at least once in their lifetime were recruited from the National Addictions Management Service, prisons, the Community Rehabilitation Centre and halfway houses from August 2017 to May 2018. A face-to-face questionnaire was administered and descriptive analyses were conducted.@*RESULTS@#The mean participant age was 40.9 ± 14.51 years, and 93.1% of them were male. The participants generally initiated cannabis use during adolescence, at a mean onset age of 16.5 ± 4.46 years. Most (89.6%) were introduced to cannabis by peers. Approximately half of them (46.9%) had used cannabis before other illicit drugs and 42.1% of them had used heroin as the succeeding drug.@*CONCLUSION@#In Singapore, cannabis use is often initiated during adolescence, largely under peer influence. Cannabis users may progress to other illicit drugs, particularly heroin, later in life.

Investigation of Antigen and Gene Frequency of Kell(K) and Rh(D) Blood Groups in Xinjiang / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the phenotypes and gene frequencies of Kell blood group system K antigen and Rh blood group system D antigen in Xinjiang, and summarize and understand the distribution of Kell(K) blood type and Rh(D) blood type in this area.@*METHODS@#A total of 12 840 patients who met the inclusion criteria during physical examination and treatment in our hospital and 18 medical institutions in our district from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 were collected for identification of Kell blood group system K antigen and Rh blood group System D antigen, and the distribution of K and D blood groups in different regions, genders and nationalities were investigated and statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The proportion of K positive in the samples was 1.39%, the highest was 1.91% in southern Xinjiang, and the lowest was 1.03% in northern Xinjiang(P<0.01). The proportion of Rh(D) negative samples was 2.75% and the gene frequency was 16.64%. The proportion of Rh(D) negative samples was 4.03% and the gene frequency was 20.10% in southern Xinjiang, followed by eastern Xinjiang and the lowest in northern Xinjiang (P<0.01). The frequency of K antigen in Uygur nationality was the highest, reaching 2.16%, Kirgiz 1.54%, and the distribution trend of D/d antigen was similar to that of K antigen. Among women, the K positive frequency of Kazak nationality was slightly higher than that of Mongolian nationality. The highest proportion of K positive in Uygur women was 2.38%, which was higher than that in Uygur men (1.86%). The frequency of d phenotype in Kazak women was 3.15%, which was higher than that in Kirgiz （2.89%） (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The distributions of Kell(K) and Rh(D) blood groups in northern and southern Xinjiang and eastern Xinjiang had its own unique characteristics and differences. There are significant differences in blood group distribution among different ethnic groups and gender groups. In the future, k antigen detection can be included to further improve the investigation on the distribution of Kell blood group system in this region.

Meta-analysis of obesity on the outcome of rotator cuff repair / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To systematically evaluate obesity on the outcome of rotator cuff repair.@*METHODS@#Literatures on the relationship between obesity and outcomes after rotator cuff repair were searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China biology medicine(CBM), CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases from building database to August 1, 2022, and were screened independently by two authors according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Endnote X9 and Excel 2019 were used for literature extraction, management and data entry, and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate quality of the included literatures. STATA 16.0 and RevMan 5.4 softwares were used to evaluate postoperative retear rate, reoperation rate, complication rate, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, visual analogue scale (VAS), operative time and external rotation angle of shoulder joint pain were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Totally 13 literatures were included, including 6 retrospective studies, 5 case-control studies, 1 prospective cohort study, and 1 abstract of a study for which the full text was not available, with 85 503 patients (31 973 in obese group and 53 530 in non-obese group). Meta-analysis showed there were statistical differences between two groups in retear rate [OR=2.58, 95%CI(1.23, 5.41), P=0.01], reoperation rate[OR=1.31, 95%CI(1.21, 1.42), P<0.00], complication rate [OR=1.57, 95%CI(1.31, 1.87), P=0.00], ASES score[MD=-3.59, 95%CI(-5.45, -1.74), P=0.00], and VAS[MD=0.24, 95%CI(0.00, 0.49), P=0.05]. While there were no differences between two groups in operative time[MD=6.03, 95%CI(-7.63, 19.69), P=0.39], external rotation angle of shoulder joint[MD=-1.79, 95%CI(-5.30, 1.71), P=0.32].@*CONCLUSION@#Obesity is associated with higher rates of retear, resurgery, complications, poorer shoulder function and pain after rotator cuff repair.

Advances in Phytochemistry and Modern Pharmacology of Saposhnikovia Divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk / 中国结合医学杂志

Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk (S. divaricata, Fangfeng) is a herb in the Apiaceae family, and its root has been used since the Western Han Dynasty (202 B.C.). Chromones and coumarins are the pharmacologically active substances in S. divaricata. Modern phytochemical and pharmacological studies have demonstrated their antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, and anticoagulant activities. Technological and analytical strategy theory advancements have yielded novel results; however, most investigations have been limited to the main active substances-chromones and coumarins. Hence, we reviewed studies related to the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of S. divaricata, analyzed the developing trends and challenges, and proposed that research should focus on components' synergistic effects. We also suggested that, the structure-effect relationship should be prioritized in advanced research.

Interpretation of International Evidence-based Guideline on Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Critically Ill Neonates and Children Issued by the European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care / 中国小儿急救医学

In 2020, the European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care first issued the international point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) guideline for the critically ill newborns and children, which provided an evidence-based foundation to standardize the use of POCUS in the critically ill neonates and children.It has been widely recognized by neonatology and pediatric critical physicians worldwide.In order to keep our domestic colleagues updated and promote the POCUS application based on this international standard, the guideline was summarized and interpreted in this review.

Blood Group Distribution Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients in Xinjiang / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze and summarize ABO and Rh(D) blood group distribution and related indicators of COVID-19 patients, and understand the relationship between blood group and disease course of COVID-19 patients in Xinjiang.@*METHODS@#A total of 831 patients with confirmed or asymptomatic COVID-19 infection treated in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from July 2020 to August 2020 were enrolled as study group, and 2 778 healthy people in a third Grade A hospital in the region during the same period were selected as control group. ABO and Rh(D) blood group antigens were identified, and relevant medical data were collected for statistical analysis.@*RESULTS@#The proportion of O-type population and Rh(D) positive population in the study group was 24.79% and 96.27%, which were lower than those in the normal control group (29.73% and 97.73%) (P<0.05). The proportion of AB type and Rh(D) negative population was 14.20% and 3.73%, which was higher than that in control group (10.62% and 2.27%) (P<0.05). The proportion of female patients in Type O group was lower than that in control group. The proportion of female patients in AB group was higher than that in control group (P<0.01), while the proportion of type O patients in the age group less than or equal to 45 years old and greater than 60 years old was lower. Different blood groups of Uygur population showed their own characteristics in different sex, but there was no statistical significance due to the limited sample (P>0.05). Moreover, the course of disease and clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 patients were different among different blood groups (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#This study found that the blood type distribution of COVID-19 patients in Xinjiang has its own characteristics, and the blood type is related to the course and clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. In the future, the data can be widely included in people from different ethnic groups and different regions to improve relevant studies.

Molecular epidemiological characteristics of the virus in 96 children with acute diarrhea in Changdu of Tibet, China / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the molecular epidemiological characteristics of the virus in children with acute viral diarrhea in Changdu of Tibet, China.@*METHODS@#Fecal specimens were collected from 96 children with acute diarrhea who visited the People's Hospital of Changdu, Tibet, from November 2018 to November 2020 and were tested for adenovirus, norovirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, and rotavirus. Gene sequencing was performed for the genotypes of these viruses.@*RESULTS@#The overall positive rate of the five viruses was 39% (37/96), among which astrovirus had the highest positive rate of 17%, followed by norovirus (9%), rotavirus (8%), adenovirus (7%), and sapovirus (5%). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of the five viruses among different age groups (P>0.05). Only the positive rate of astrovirus was significantly different among the four seasons (P<0.05). For adenovirus, 6 children had F41 type and 1 had C2 type; for norovirus, 6 had GⅠ.3 type, 1 had GⅠ.7 type, 1 had GⅡ.3 type, and 2 had GⅡ.4 Sydney_2012 type; HAstrV-1 type was observed in all children with astrovirus infection; for sapovirus, 1 child each had sporadic GⅠ.2, GⅠ.6, and GⅡ.1 sapovirus and 2 children had unknown type; 6 children had rotavirus G9[P8].@*CONCLUSIONS@#Astrovirus and norovirus are important pathogens in children with acute diarrhea in Changdu, Tibet. The positive rate of adenovirus, norovirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, and rotavirus is not associated with age, and only the positive rate of astrovirus has obvious seasonality. F41 type is the dominant genotype of adenovirus; GⅠ.3 is the dominant genotype of norovirus; HAstrV-1 is the dominant genotype of astrovirus; sporadic GⅠ.2, GⅠ.6, and GⅡ.1 are the dominant genotypes of sapovirus; G9[P8] is the dominant genotype of rotavirus.

Transforming growth factor-β1 induces transformation of rat meningeal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts by upregulating Shh signaling / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of TGF-β1 on Shh signaling pathway during the transformation of meningeal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts.@*METHODS@#Primary meningeal fibroblasts were isolated from neonatal (24 h) SD rats and purified using type Ⅳ collagenase. The isolated cells were treated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 alone or in combination with 20 μmol/L SB-431542 (a TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor) for 72 h, and the changes in proliferation and migration abilities of the fibroblasts were assessed with CCK-8 assay and cell scratch test. The expression of fibronectin (Fn) was detected with immunofluorescence assay, and Western blotting was performed to examine the expressions of Fn, α-SMA and Shh protein in the cells; the expression of Shh mRNA was detected with real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.@*RESULTS@#TGF-β1 treatment obviously enhanced the proliferation and migration of primary meningeal fibroblasts (P < 0.05), and promoted the transformation of meningeal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and the secretion of Fn (P < 0.05). TGF-β1 treatment also upregulated the expression of Shh at both protein and mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Treatment with SB-431542 partially blocked the effect of TGF-β1 on the transformation of meningeal fibroblasts (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#TGF-β1 can induce the transformation of meningeal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts by up-regulating Shh expression in Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway.

Inhibition of TAK1 aggravates airway inflammation by increasing RIPK1 activity and promoting macrophage death in a mouse model of toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) on toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced allergic airway inflammation in mice.@*METHODS@#Thirty-two mice were randomly divided into AOO group, AOO+5Z-7-Oxozeaenol group, TDI group, and TDI+5Z-7-Oxozeaenol group. Another 32 mice were randomly divided into AOO group, TDI group, TDI +5Z-7-Oxozeaenol group, and TDI +5Z-7-Oxozeaenol + Necrostatin-1 group. TAK1 inhibitor (5Z-7-Oxozeaenol, 5 mg/kg) and/or RIPK1 inhibitor (Necrostatin-1, 5 mg/kg) were used before each challenge. Airway responsiveness, airway inflammation and airway remodeling were assessed after the treatments. We also examined the effect of TDI-human serum albumin (TDI-HSA) conjugate combined with TAK1 inhibitor on the viability of mouse mononuclear macrophages (RAW264.7) using CCK8 assay. The expressions of TAK1, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and receptor interacting serine/threonine protease 1 (RIPK1) signal pathway in the treated cells were detected with Western blotting. The effects of RIPK1 inhibitor on the viability of RAW264.7 cells and airway inflammation of the mouse models of TDI-induced asthma were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#TAK1 inhibitor aggravated TDI-induced airway inflammation, airway hyper responsiveness and airway remodeling in the mouse models (P < 0.05). Treatment with TAK1 inhibitor significantly decreased the viability of RAW264.7 cells, which was further decreased by co-treatment with TDI-HSA (P < 0.05). TAK1 inhibitor significantly decreased the level of TAK1 phosphorylation and activation of MAPK signal pathway induced by TDI-HSA (P < 0.05). Co-treatment with TAK1 inhibitor and TDI-HSA obviously increased the level of RIPK1 phosphorylation and caused persistent activation of caspase 8 (P < 0.05). RIPK1 inhibitor significantly inhibited the reduction of cell viability caused by TAK1 inhibitor and TDI-HSA (P < 0.05) and alleviated the aggravation of airway inflammation induced by TAK1 inhibitors in TDI-induced mouse models (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Inhibition of TAK1 aggravates TDI-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness and may increase the death of macrophages by enhancing the activity of RIPK1 and causing persistent activation of caspase 8.

Influence of birth weight and infancy growth patterns on weight status among first grade primary school pupils / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the influence of birth weight and growth patterns during infancy on overweight and obesity among first grade primary school pupils, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of early life prevention and intervention policies.@*Methods@#In 2019, data related to routine physical examinations were collected for primary school pupils in the Minhang District of Shanghai, and information regarding birth and follow ups was collected retrospectively. Physical examination data of 4 434 pupils at 12 months of age were obtained. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between growth patterns during infancy and body mass index (BMI) in the first grade of primary school. A generalized linear model was employed to analyze the relationship between birth weight and growth patterns during infancy and overweight and obesity in the first grade of primary school. A hierarchical analysis was conducted.@*Results@#A linear relationship was observed between growth patterns during infancy and BMI and the BMI Z score of first grade primary school pupils [ β(β 95%CI)=0.30(0.24-0.35),0.12(0.10- 0.15 ), P <0.01]. In addition to subjects classified as small for gestational age (SGA), catch up growth during infancy was identified among subjects who were classified as appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). LGA at birth and catch up growth during infancy were independent risk factors for overweight and obesity among first grade primary school children ( RR =1.31-1.55, P <0.05). The hierarchical analysis showed that catch up growth increased the risk of overweight and obesity among first grade primary school pupils classified as AGA [ RR(RR 95%CI )=1.74(1.42-2.14),1.87(1.56-2.26)], and increased the risk of obesity among first grade primary school pupils classified as SGA and LGA [ RR(RR 95%CI )=3.74(1.04-13.49),3.24(1.62-6.46)]( P <0.05). Among those who exhibited catch up growth during infancy, LGA increased the risk of obesity among first grade primary school pupils ( RR= 2.60 , 95%CI=1.35-5.02, P <0.01), but not the risk of being overweight ( P =0.13).@*Conclusion@#Birth weight and growth patterns during infancy have an impact on overweight and obesity among children in the first grade of primary school. It is suggested that attention should be paid to growth and physical development in early life for those classified as LGA and AGA, and catch up growth in children should be closely monitored.

Inhibition of Sonic Hedgehog signaling inhibits fibrous scar formation and adversely affects functional outcome after ischemic brain injury in rats / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of inhibiting Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling on fibrous scar formation and functional outcome after ischemic brain injury.@*METHODS@#Adult SD rats were randomized into sham-operated group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion (I/R) group, I/R with intraventricular empty adenoviral vector (rAd-NC) injection group, and I/R with adenovirus-mediated Shh knockdown (rAd-ShShh) group. After the treatments, the neurological deficits of the rats were assessed, and the protein and mRNA expressions of fibronectin (Fn), α-SMA, and Shh in the ischemic hemisphere were detected with immunofluorescence assay and qPCR; TUNEL staining was used for detecting neural cell apoptosis. In the cell experiment, primary meningeal fibroblasts isolated from neonatal SD rats were pretreated for 24 h with TGF-β1 or TGF-β1 plus cyclopamine (CYC) before oxygen-glucose deprivation for 150 min followed by reoxygenation for 72 h (OGD/R). CCK-8 assay and scratch test were performed to examine the changes in cell proliferation and migration, and immunofluorescence assay, qPCR and Western blotting were used for detecting cell transformation and the expressions of Shh, α-SMA, and Fn.@*RESULTS@#Cerebral I/R injury significantly increased the protein and mRNA expressions of Shh, α-SMA, and Fn in the ischemic hemisphere of the rats, but their expression levels were significantly lowered by intraventricular injection of rAd-Shshh (P < 0.05), which obviously increased cell apoptosis in the ischemic hemisphere (P < 0.05) and improved modified mNSS and modified Bederson scores of the rats (P < 0.05). In the cell experiment, pretreatment with TGF-β1 and TGF-β1+CYC both increased the viability of the primary meningeal fibroblasts after OGD/R. TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the migration ability and induced obvious transformation of the exposed cells (P < 0.05), but these effects were significantly attenuated by co-treatment with CYC (P < 0.05). The expressions of Shh, α-SMA and Fn in the TGF-β1 group were all significantly higher in TGF-β1-treated cells (P < 0.05) and were obviously lowered by co-treatment with CYC (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Inhibition of Shh signaling may inhibit fibrous scar formation and functional recovery in rats after ischemic brain injury.

Mitochondrial Fission Protein 1 (FIS1) Overexpression in Human Cervical Cancer Cells Promotes Mitochondrial Fission and Reduces Cell Proliferation and Migration Capacity / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that continuously divide and fuse. In recent years, in addition to the studies related to mitochondrial metabolism, the unique dynamics of mitochondria have gradually attracted researchers' attention. A growing body of research has revealed that mitochondrial dynamics are related to the biological behavior of tumor cells. Mitochondrial fission proteins (mitochondrial fission protein 1, FIS1) mediate the assembly of mitochondrial fission complexes and participate in the execution of mitochondrial fission. They are important proteins in the process of mitochondrial fusion and fission. However, few studies have revealed the expression and role of FIS1 in human cervical cancer. In this study, the expression level of FIS1 in human cervical cancer tissues and paracancer tissues were compared. The results showed that the level of FIS1 mRNA in human cervical cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in paracancer tissues (P<0. 01). Further KEGG pathway and GO Term-BP pathway analysis showed that the differential genes are mainly related to mitochondrial biological functions. Subsequently, HeLa cells with overexpressed FIS1 were investigated for their proliferation, migration, mitochondrial fission and ROS levels. The experimental results showed that FIS1 overexpression decreased HeLa cell proliferation and migration ability, enhanced mitochondrial fission and higher ROS levels. In conclusion, the expression of FIS1 in human cervical cancer cells was attenuated, while overexpression of FIS1 resulted in a series of abnormal biological functions in human cervical cancer cells. Further studies can be carried out to investigate the role of FIS1 in the treatment of human cervical cancer.

Investigation on the distribution frequency of Rh and Kell blood group antigens in the Uyghur population in Xinjiang and the molecular mechanism of Kell positive individuals / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the distribution frequency and characteristics of Rh and Kell erythrocyte blood group antigens in Uygur population in Xinjiang, and to explore the molecular mechanism of K gene positive patients, so as to build a local rare blood group bank and improve the ability of clinical blood security. 【Methods】 From June 2018 to February 2020, blood samples of 4 000 unrelated Uygur healthy individuals from the Medical Examination Center of our hospital and other cooperative hospitals across the autonomous region were selected. Rh and Kell blood group antigens were detected using K/Rh antigen microcolumn gel cards. The exons of Kell gene were amplified by PCR and then subjected to electrophoresis and direct sequencing to investigate the molecular mechanism. 【Results】 In Xinjiang Uygur healthy population, 1) The RhD negative rate was 5.675% (227/4 000), including 5 phenotypes; RhD positive rate was 94.325% (3 773/4 000), including 9 phenotypes, which were in line with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium distribution. The C/E antigen frequency in RhD negative and positive patients was 13.216%/4.185% vs 52.876%/25.788% (PC, g. 412A>G, exon 6, g. 133C>T, and g. 189T>C, respectively, two of which caused changes in amino acid sequence: alanine at position 193 to methionine (p.Ala193Met) and alanine 423 to valine (p.al423Val). The prediction of RNA secondary structure and protein conformation after mutation using relevant biological information software found that the mutation caused changes in RNA secondary structure, free energy, protein conformation and function. 【Conclusion】 The frequency of RhD antigen negative in Xinjiang Uygur population was higher than that in other ethnic groups, and the distribution of C/E antigen was different in D antigen negative/positive patients. The distribution of K antigen in Kell blood group system was higher than that in other ethnic groups (P<0.05). The primary and secondary structure changes of nascent peptide chain caused by a single point mutation in Kell gene may be one of the molecular mechanisms of K antigen positivity.

Visual Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus using Combined CRISPR/Cas12a and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To establish an ultra-sensitive, ultra-fast, visible detection method for Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) .@*Methods@#We established a new method for detecting the tdh and trh genes of VP using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 12a (CRISPR/Cas12a) combined with recombinase polymerase amplification and visual detection (CRISPR/Cas12a-VD).@*Results@#CRISPR/Cas12a-VD accurately detected target DNA at concentrations as low as 10 -18 M (single molecule detection) within 30 min without cross-reactivity against other bacteria. When detecting pure cultures of VP, the consistency of results reached 100% compared with real-time PCR. The method accurately analysed pure cultures and spiked shrimp samples at concentrations as low as 10 2 CFU/g.@*Conclusion@#The novel CRISPR/Cas12a-VD method for detecting VP performed better than traditional detection methods, such as real-time PCR, and has great potential for preventing the spread of pathogens.

Mechanism of polyphyllin Ⅰ targeting EGFR to affect proliferation and apoptosis of human breast cancer cells / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of polyphyllin Ⅰ(PPⅠ) inhibiting proliferation of human breast cancer cells. Human breast cancer BT474 and MDA-MB-436 cells were treated with different concentrations of PPⅠ, and then the effect of PPⅠ on cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay, trypan blue dye exclusion assay, real-time cell analysis, and clone forming assay, respectively. The apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and then analyzed by flow cytometry. The change of mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by flow cytometry after fluorescent probe JC-1 staining. Western blot was used to detect protein expression and phosphorylation. Molecular docking was performed to detect the binding between PPⅠ and EGFR. The affinity between PPⅠ and EGFR was determined by drug affinity responsive target stability assay. The results indicated that PPⅠ inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of BT474 and MDA-MB-436 cells in a time-and concentration-dependent manner. The PPⅠ treatment group showed significantly increased apoptosis rate and significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. PPⅠ down-regulated the expression of pro-caspase-3 protein, promoted the cleavage of PARP, and significantly reduced the phosphorylation levels of EGFR, Akt, and ERK. Molecular docking showed that PPⅠ bound to the extracellular domain of EGFR and formed hydrogen bond with Gln366 residue. Drug affinity responsive target stability assay confirmed that PPⅠ significantly prevented pronase from hydrolyzing EGFR, indicating that PPⅠ and EGFR have a direct binding effect. In conclusion, PPⅠ inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells by targeting EGFR to block its downstream signaling pathway. This study lays a foundation for the further development of PPⅠ-targeted drugs against breast cancer.

Puerarin pretreatment attenuates cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by coronary microembolization in rats by activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway

Coronary microembolization (CME) is associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. Puerarin confers protection against multiple cardiovascular diseases, but its effects and specific mechanisms on CME are not fully known. Hence, our study investigated whether puerarin pretreatment could alleviate cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improve cardiac function following CME. The molecular mechanism associated was also explored. A total of 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into CME, CME + Puerarin (CME + Pue), sham, and sham + Puerarin (sham + Pue) groups (with 12 rats per group). A CME model was established in CME and CME + Pue groups by injecting 42 μm microspheres into the left ventricle of rats. Rats in the CME + Pue and sham + Pue groups were intraperitoneally injected with puerarin at 120 mg/kg daily for 7 days before operation. Cardiac function, myocardial histopathology, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis index were determined via cardiac ultrasound, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and hematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid (HBFP) stainings, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, respectively. Western blotting was used to measure protein expression related to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway. We found that, puerarin significantly ameliorated cardiac dysfunction after CME, attenuated myocardial infarct size, and reduced myocardial apoptotic index. Besides, puerarin inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis, as revealed by decreased Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and up-regulated Bcl-2 and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway related proteins. Collectively, puerarin can inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis and thus attenuate myocardial injury caused by CME. Mechanistically, these effects may be achieved through activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway.

Puerarin pretreatment attenuates cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by coronary microembolization in rats by activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway

Coronary microembolization (CME) is associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. Puerarin confers protection against multiple cardiovascular diseases, but its effects and specific mechanisms on CME are not fully known. Hence, our study investigated whether puerarin pretreatment could alleviate cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improve cardiac function following CME. The molecular mechanism associated was also explored. A total of 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into CME, CME + Puerarin (CME + Pue), sham, and sham + Puerarin (sham + Pue) groups (with 12 rats per group). A CME model was established in CME and CME + Pue groups by injecting 42 μm microspheres into the left ventricle of rats. Rats in the CME + Pue and sham + Pue groups were intraperitoneally injected with puerarin at 120 mg/kg daily for 7 days before operation. Cardiac function, myocardial histopathology, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis index were determined via cardiac ultrasound, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and hematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid (HBFP) stainings, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, respectively. Western blotting was used to measure protein expression related to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway. We found that, puerarin significantly ameliorated cardiac dysfunction after CME, attenuated myocardial infarct size, and reduced myocardial apoptotic index. Besides, puerarin inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis, as revealed by decreased Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and up-regulated Bcl-2 and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway related proteins. Collectively, puerarin can inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis and thus attenuate myocardial injury caused by CME. Mechanistically, these effects may be achieved through activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway.